How to offer first aid

四川 蒋建平（特级教师）

First aid means what it says: the aid or help that can be given to an injured person first and which is before any other help. Usually the first thing we should do if a serious accident happens is to telephone for an ambulance, but sometimes quick actions by us may save someone's life.

Shock:People often suffer from shock after receiving an injury. The face turns grey and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly. They should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink.

Broken bones:Don't move the person. Send for an ambulance at once.

Poison:A person who has swallowed the poison should be taken to hospital at once. With some poisons, sleeping pills, for example, it is a good thing to make the person sick by pushing your fingers down his throat. But if he has swallowed some kind of acid （酸）, or anything that burns, it would be a bad thing to make the person sick by pushing your fingers down his throat. The poison would burn his throat as it comes up. It is, therefore, best to find out what the person has taken so that you can call to tell the doctor.

Suffocation（窒息）: This means not being able to breathe. For example, a drowning person will have his lungs full of water. Lay him down with his head lower than the rest of his body so that the water will drain out. If the person has something stuck in his throat, try to remove it with your fingers,or by hitting him on the back. When a person has stopped breathing because of drowning, electric shocks, breathing in a poisonous gas, etc., you can help him to begin breathing again.

Remember:When an accident happens, send someone to telephone for an ambulance at once.Keep the injured person warm and quiet. Give him plenty of air. Do not let other people crowd around him. If you see an injured person who is being looked after, keep away.

Reading Check

首先，值班律师向检察机关提出的书面辩护意见必须征得被告人的同意。在提交辩护意见之前，律师必须就该意见的内容与被告人进行充分的沟通与协商，保证被告人充分理解各项内容的法律意义。如果被告人不同意该律师意见，律师应尽量说服被告人接受自己的观点;如果被告人坚持自己的意见，律师则应该告知被告人相关法律决定可能存在的法律风险，并根据被告人的辩护观点及时调整辩护意见，以避免自己的辩护意见同被告人的辩护观点发生冲突。

1. How does the author develop the first paragraph?

A. By explaining a definition.

B. By using previous data.

C. By listing different reasons.

D. By comparing people's opinions.

2. What does the underlined phrase “drain out” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A. Squeeze out. B. Flow away.

C. Leave out. D. Cut off.

3. Where is this text most likely from?

A. A newspaper.

B. A safety booklet.

C. An advertisement.

D. A popular magazine.

Language Study

Ⅰ. so that和so...that...

●在so...that...句型中，so后面加形容词或副词，该句型意为“如此……以至于……”。 如：

This book is so interesting that everyone wants to read it.

这本书很有趣，人人都想看看。

●so that引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词通常和can、may、should等情态动词连用，意为“以便；为了；使能够”。 如：

They got up early so that they could catch the early bus.

为了能赶上早班车，他们早早地就起床了。

Ⅱ. 汉译英

1. 那时我很忙，没时间写信。

2. 请把窗户打开，以便我们能呼吸到新鲜的空气。