雅思写作词汇（5）：万能高分词 汇（三续）

在“雅思写作词汇”系列里，老雅已经指出，在一篇250词左右的雅思作文中，如果准确使用了10—15个在4500这个幅度内的词汇，那么在“词汇幅度”这一评分标准中就能得到高分，而其余的240词则建议使用2500幅度（也就是高中阶段词汇）内的词汇。本系列的前三篇，老雅已经介绍了15个词汇，分别为available、specific、alternative、afford、primarily、involve、justify、excessive、eventually、apparently、confine、derive、compel、expose、exclusively。本期（也是雅思写作词汇系列的最后一期），老雅将继续介绍另外5个高分词汇。

万能词汇：determine

determine的意思为“决定;决心”，词组“be determined to do...”的意思是“决心做……”。比如：

The size of the chicken pieces will determine the cooking time. 鸡块的大小决定烹饪时间。

Experts say testing needs to be done on each contaminant to determine the long-term effects on humans. 专家说需要对每种污染物进行测试，以查明对人类的长期影响。

His enemies are determined to ruin him. 他的敌人决意要毁了他。

以下看老雅在其原创雅思真题高分范文中如何使用这个单词。

To conclude， where the charity money should go is mainly determined by the chief concerns and missions of different charity organisations. 总之，慈善款应用于何处，主要取决于不同慈善组织的首要关注点和使命。（2016/08/20，慈善机构应该只帮助本國人吗？）

In my view， both ways are effective to address the traffic problem in cities， but it is the city conditions that will determine which way is better. 在我看来，这两种方法都能有效解决城市的交通问题，但决定哪一种方法更好的是城市的条件。（2018/7/7，建更多铁路和地铁好，还是修扩更多道路好？）

While it is hard to determine how the visual uniformity is related to quality at work， having a dress code in place may help the way a corporation wants to be perceived. 虽然很难确定视觉统一性与工作质量有何关系，但设置着装规范可能会改善公司的形象。（2018/1/13，员工着装和工作品质有何关系？）

万能词汇：relieve

relieve的基本意思为“缓解;减轻;使解脱”，相当于lessen，通常用于词组“relieve ... of...”（把某人从……中解脱出来）。比如：

Drugs can relieve much of the pain. 药物可以大大缓解疼痛。

A housekeeper can relieve you of the house chores. 管家可使你从家务中解脱出来。

I felt much relieved when I heard the good news. 听说这个好消息，我感觉轻松了很多。

以下看relieve在老雅原创范文中的使用情况。

Meanwhile， cities and towns built centuries ago do not have enough entertainment and sports facilities available to contemporary city dwellers who， relieved of the manual labor by the technological advances， suddenly find they have a great amount of free time. 同时，由于技术的发展，当代城市居民已经从手工劳作中解脱出来，他们突然发现自己有大量空闲时间，但是数世纪前修建的城镇却没有足够的娱乐和体育设施供他们使用。（2016/11/3，旧城镇会带来哪些问题？）

Children today are apparently enjoying more freedom than ever before. This is so because the technological advances have relieved children of much of their manual labor and because the parents and schools these days are far less controlling than in the past. 今天的孩子们显然享受着比以前更多的自由。之所以如此，是因为技术进步使孩子们从大量体力劳动中解放出来，也因为现在家长和学校远不如以前那样控制孩子了。（2017/7/8，孩子们自由更多了是好还是坏？）

Even those more leisurely activities such as guitar playing or singing can relieve the students of their heavy load of academic work and make them more resilient to physical and emotional stresses in life. 即使那些悠闲的活动，如吉他演奏或唱歌，也可以缓解他们沉重的学业负担，让他们更能应对生活中的身心压力。（2017/8/26，大学生应该从事学习之外的活动吗？）

万能词汇：assume

写作中，assume这个词若用得恰当，在词汇方面可以占得先机。该词有三个常见的意思：一是“假设，假定，认为”，相当于think;二是“承担（责任）”;三是“呈现（外观或特征）”。比如：

Scientists assume that there is no animal life on Mars. 科学家们猜测，在火星上没有动物生命。

The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply dont mix as easily as I assumed in high school. 有一个事实阻碍了我成为一名典型的优等生，那就是工程学和文科根本不像我在高中时想象的那样容易结合。

以下看assume在老雅范文中是如何使用的。

As we can see on television， the important positions in the government are often held by gray-haired men and women. While it is assumed by many that the elderly people are more experienced and capable， I would say that some important government positions should also be open to young people. 我们可以在电视上看到，政府重要职位通常是由头发花白的人担任。虽然很多人认为老年人更富有经验和能力，但我想说，政府的一些重要职位也应开放给年轻人。（2018/10/21，年轻人适合在政府担任要职吗？）

Although new forms of classroom technology like digital textbooks are more accessible and portable， it would be wrong to assume that students are automatically better served by digital reading just because they prefer it. 尽管像数字教材这样的新型课堂技术更容易获取，更便于携带，但如果仅仅因为学生喜欢就认为电子阅读自然对学生更有益，那就错了。（2018/8/18，学生学习不需要书籍了吗？）

Luck may assume different forms and help people in various ways. A man luckily born into a wealthy family will stand a better chance of becoming a successful businessman than one with a poor family background. 运气有不同的形式，能够以各种方式帮助人们。一个幸运地出生在富裕家庭的人比一个家庭背景不好的人更有可能成为一个成功的商人。（2020/10/31，实现生活目标主要是运气使然吗？）

万能词汇：emerge

emerge的意思是“出现”，尤其是指从隐蔽处突然出现。其名词形式是emergence，注意要将它与emergency（紧急情况）区别开来。比如：

The sun emerged from behind the clouds. 太阳从云层后面露出来了。

It has emerged that he stole the money. 現在终于发现，是他偷了那笔钱。

A new idea began to emerge from his mind when he was on his way back home. 在他回家的路上，一个新主意出现在他的脑海中。

以下我们看emerge/emergence在老雅范文中是如何被使用的。

Undoubtedly， experience is of utmost importance for many government positions. These positions have to deal with a great number of people every day and crisis may emerge any time. 毫无疑问，对许多政府职位来说，经验是最重要的。这些职位每天必须与大量的人打交道，危机随时可能出现。（2018/10/21，年轻人适合在政府担任要职吗？）

As a great variety of employment opportunities emerge in big cities， people flood into the urban areas to realize their self-value and obtain a more materially abundant life. 随着大城市各种就业机会的出现，人们涌入城市，实现自我价值，获得更丰富的物质生活。（2013/7/27， 大城市应该重修老建筑还是建设新楼房和新道路？）

Furthermore， with the emergence of new technologies， the work efficiency has been improved greatly. The invention and application of machines have replaced labour and saved much time for workers. 此外，随着新技术的出现，工作效率得到了大大的提高。机器的发明和应用已经取代了劳动，为工人节省了很多时间。（2014/9/20，发展中国家应该引进新技术，还是发展免费教育？）

万能词汇：restrict

restrict的意思是“限制”，相当于limit，其名词形式是restriction。比如：

There is talk of raising the admission requirements to restrict the number of students on campus. 有一种说法：应提高录取条件来限制校园里学生的数量。

I try to restrict my smoking to five cigarettes a day. 我力图限制自己每天只抽5支烟。

在《剑桥雅思》官方范文中，有这样一句：

It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school. The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel， but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time. 如今，许多国家的年轻人在高中毕业后暂时中断学习是很常见的。这一趋势不仅局限于那些有钱旅行的富裕学生，而且在那些贫困学生中也很明显，他们选择工作，并在一段时间内实现经济独立。

以下句子摘自老雅高分范文。

There seems to be more and more detailed criminal description on media these days， such as beating， murdering， gun fighting， blood shedding， among others. As I see it， the excessive exposure to these criminal scenes will negatively influence newspaper readers and TV viewers， thus increasing the likelihood of their committing the same crimes in real life， but to restrict them on media is quite another story. 現在，媒体上似乎有越来越详细的犯罪描述，如殴打、谋杀、枪战、流血等。在我看来，看到太多类似犯罪场景将对报纸读者和电视观众产生负面影响，从而增加他们在现实生活中犯下同样罪行的可能性，但在媒体上限制这些描写则是另一回事。（2020/10/24，是否应该限制报纸和电视中的犯罪描写？）

Independence means more freedom and less restrictions. Following this definition， we can easily find we have become much more independent than ever before. 独立意味着更多自由和更少的限制。按照这一定义，我们很容易发现，我们拥有的独立性比以往任何时候都多得多。（2016/11/05，我们现在是更独立还是更相互依赖？）

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