英文摘要

ComparativeAdvantage,CompetitiveAdvantageandRegionalIntegration/LIN Yifu(Institute of New Structural Economics, Peking University，Beijing 100871,China)

Abstract: According to the theory of the New Structural Economics, following comparative advantage is the “prescription” for successful economic development. According to the “diamond system” of national competitive advantage, the development of a country’s industries needs four prerequisites for having competitive advantage, including making full use of local rich resources, having a large domestic market, forming industrial clusters in the country, and having a competitive domestic market. However, the first condition of competitive advantage is actually the comparative advantage determined by the local factor endowment. The third and fourth conditions are based on the premise that the local industry meets the comparative advantage, and the industry that meets the comparative advantage can have both domestic and international markets, so it is larger than the market scale emphasized by the second condition of the diamond theory. Therefore, the establishment of competitive advantage is inseparable from the exertion of comparative advantage. Development in accordance with comparative advantage is the basis of competitive advantage. Only by fully relying on and exerting one’s own comparative advantage can one establish one’s own competitive advantage. Therefore, this article proposes that only by giving full play to the comparative advantages of various regions and forming larger industrial clusters through regional integration can we better transform our comparative advantages into competitive advantages in domestic and international markets.

Keywords: new structural economics; comparative advantage; competitive advantage; regional integration

TheOriginofCatch-upStrategy:Colonization,Institution,andAuthoritarianRegime/ZHAO Qiuyun, et al(Institute of New Structural Economics, Peking University，Beijing 100871,China)

Abstract: In the post-World War II era, developing countries widely adopted the Catch-up Strategy which prioritized the development of heavy industries, after shaking off colonial or semi-colonial rule. Different from the traditional Ideology Hypothesis and International Price Fluctuation Hypothesis, we think that Catch-up Strategy can be mainly due to the high death toll, long colonization and authoritarian regime that were caused by institutional heterogeneities under colonial control, and the role of authoritarian regimes dominated. For one thing, the mechanism that public policies were largely determined by political elites led to the high likelihood of adopting Catch-up Strategy; meanwhile, local governments frequently hiding the truth due to authoritarian regime’s politician incentive schemes resulted in the persistence of the strategy. By panel data our empirical results substantiate the aforementioned mechanism: countries with highly authoritarian regimes were more likely to adopt Catch-up Strategy, especially to the colonial control.

Keywords: Catch-up Strategy; authoritarian regime; prior development of heavy industries; import-substitution strategy

GovernmentDevelopmentStrategyandEnterprises’Employment:BasedonthePerspectiveofNewStructuralEconomics/JIANG Lei，et al(School of Economics，Nankai University，Tianjin 300071，China)

Abstract: Based on the perspective of new structural economics, this paper makes an empirical analysis of China Industry Business Performance Data from 1998 to 2013, and explores the influence of government development strategy on enterprises’ employment. The results show that the development strategy deviating from local comparative advantages has a significant negative impact on the employment. The conclusion is robust under the settings of different core explanatory variables, a different sample size and an instrumental variable regression. And this negative impact is mainly aimed at non-state-owned enterprises and is more obvious in regions with a lower degree of marketization. For this reason, we should continue to give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, improve diversified evaluation mechanism for government performance, give better play to the role of the government in making the best use of the situation, and eventually promote the organic combination of effective market and competent government, so as to unleash the potential of enterprises in providing job opportunities.

Keywords: development strategy；comparative advantage；enterprises employment；new structural economics

TheImpactofDevelopmentStrategyonEnergyConsumptionIntensity:FromthePerspectiveofNewStructuralEconomics/ZHU Huan, et al (Institute of New Structural Economics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

Abstract: Under the theoretical framework of new structural economics, this paper measures China’s regional development strategy index from 1995 to 2019, and uses the panel fixed model to examine the impact and mechanism of development strategy on energy consumption intensity. The empirical results show that: (1) China’s sub-regional development strategy index generally shows a significant downward trend, that is, the development strategy increasingly conforms to comparative advantages. The development strategy index of the eastern region is the lowest, followed by the central region and the western region. (2) The fixed effect model shows that when a region implements a development strategy that violates comparative advantages, it will increase energy consumption intensity, and the effect reflects the heterogeneity of time and space. (3) The mechanism test shows that a development strategy that violates comparative advantages makes firms lack viability, distorts industrial structure, and increases fiscal pressure, which weakens environmental constraints, thereby increasing energy consumption intensity. In order to promote energy conservation and emission reduction, China should devote itself to implementing a development strategy based on comparative advantages and promoting high-quality development in the western region.

Keywords: development strategy; energy intensity; influence mechanism; new structural economics

Urbanization,StructuralChangeandEcologicalEnvironment/LIU Fang，et al(School of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract: Based on the research paradigm of new structural economics, the theoretical relationship between urbanization and ecological environment is reconstructed. Theoretical analysis suggests that urbanization drives industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation and other production structure changes through natural resources, material capital, labor force, human capital and infrastructure and other endowment structure changes. With the different endowment structure and production structure of energy consumption and pollution properties, the main problems and characteristics of ecological environment in the process of urbanization are also different. From 1997 to 2018, the panel data at the provincial level in China were used to empirically test the theoretical viewpoints. Through a series of robustness tests and endogeneity treatment, the theoretical hypothesis of this paper is supported.

Keywords: urbanization; structural change; ecological environment; new structural economics

OntheConstructionofIdeologicalandPoliticalEducationTheoreticalSystemBasedonOperation/DAI Yuqi，et al(School of Marxism, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

Abstract: Reviewing the evolution history of ideological and political education theory, while fully affirming that it has gradually formed its own research paradigm and achieved fruitful research results, we should also see that the construction of the theoretical system of ideological and political education is still more from the internal micro perspective, and the macro level of showing the sociality of ideological and political education is not enough, showing the shortcomings of focusing on static analysis and neglecting dynamic understanding, focusing on theoretical interpretation and neglecting practical care, and focusing on (internal) education and neglecting (external) society. Ideological and political education does not operate in isolation, but is related and restricted with the social system and other social systems. To grasp the operation logic of ideological and political education from the center to the periphery, we can start from three dimensions: the self-operation of ideological and political education, the interactive operation of ideological and political education and other systems, and the radiation of social operation on ideological and political education. Based on this, it is helpful to construct a more explanatory theoretical system of ideological and political education from the expansion of related elements, the coordination of operation forms, the diversity of operation modes and the scientific nature of operation evaluation.

Keywords: ideological and political education; function; form; sociology

Marx’sSpatialEconomicThoughtandItsEnlightenmenttoConstructChina’sNewDual-CirculationDevelopmentPattern/ZHENG Qiongjie, et al(Business School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210018, China)

Abstract: The “space” in Marx’s spatial economic thought reflects a humanistic perspective on the improvement of laborer’s production and living space, and refers to a place of a certain production relationship network for the profit-seeking of personification of capital. The development of productivity has promoted the separation and expansion of production space and consumption space. And the objective existence of spatial production relations and realization requirements of profits determine the domestic economic cycle and international economic cycle.Establishing the new dual-circulation development pattern not only requires proper handling the capital and all-round development of human beings in the rational spatial allocation of resources, but also needs to stick to the people-centered development concept and speed up the construction of the community of human destiny.

Keywords: Marx’s spatial economic thought; new dual-circulation development pattern; community of human destiny

ThinkingCharacteristicsofXiJinping’sImportantExpositiononLiteraryandArtisticWork/QIU Aijin，et al(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Base, Jiangsu Theoretical System Research Center of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, Nanjing 211106, China)

Abstract: General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important exposition on literary and artistic work has provided us with a fundamental guide to the work of literature and art in the new era. From the perspective of thinking characteristics, this paper analyzes the strategic thinking, systematic thinking, dialectical thinking and bottom-line thinking in General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important exposition on literary and artistic work, which involves the orientation of literature and art development, the orientation of literary and artistic functions, the development path of literature and art, and the norms of literary and artistic practice. The strategic thinking is reflected in the fact that literary and artistic work should be rooted in history to explore rules, focus on the world to judge the general trend, and plan the future based on reality. The systematic thinking is reflected in the linkage and promotion of literary and artistic work in close contact with the people, serving for state governance and reflecting the spirit of the times. The dialectical thinking is reflected in the unity of opposites between social benefits and economic benefits, between meeting functions and leading missions, between learning from and adhering to culture, and between innovation and creation and literary inheritance. And the bottom-line thinking is reflected in that literary and artistic work should stick to the bottom line of social value, rule of law, patriotism, and the leading position of Marxism. Studying the thinking characteristics of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important exposition on literary and artistic work is of great theoretical significance and practical value for how to further grasp the rules of literary and artistic work in the new era and guide its more scientific and healthy development.

Keywords: Xi Jinping；literary and artistic work；thinking characteristics

FinancialInclusion,DigitalTransformationandProfitabilityofRuralCommercialBanks/DONG Xiaolin，et al(School of Finance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095，China)

Abstract: Based on the panel data of 43 Jiangsu rural commercial banks from 2015 to 2018, this paper selects 14 indexes from three dimensions including inclusive finance permeability, business implementation and service quality, establishes an inclusive finance index from the institutional level, empirically tests how the promotion of inclusive finance affects the profitability of banks and the influence mechanism. On this basis, this paper discusses the moderating effect of digital transformation. The research results show that there is still a contradiction between financial inclusion and the profitability target of rural commercial banks, because the development of financial inclusion increases operating costs, which has a negative impact on the profitability of institutions. However, the digital transformation of rural commercial banks can effectively alleviate this negative effect and balance the relationship between financial inclusion and bank profitability. Finally, it puts forward suggestions to continuously promote the rural inclusive finance development, accelerate the digital transformation of rural commercial banks, and support the implementation of rural revitalization strategy.

Keywords: rural commercial banks; inclusive finance; digital transformation; profitability

TheEffectofDigitalInfrastructureonEmployment:EvidencefromManufacturingIndustry/SHI Zhenkai, et al(School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China)

Abstract: The rapid development of digital economy needs to promote the digital infrastructure. After estimating the index of cities’ digital infrastructure, this paper tests the impact of digital infrastructure on the employment based on the data of enterprises. This paper finds that the digital infrastructure can significantly increase the employment creation rate and reduce the employment destruction rate, which has a positive effect on the net employment growth rate. The results based on the sub samples show that the employment creation effects are obvious in the central region, the third-tier cities and below, and non-export enterprises. Further discussion shows that the digital infrastructure improves the employment creation rate mainly by the market access, and reduces the employment destruction rate by the adjustment of enterprises and market access. Based on the main conclusions, this paper puts forward the corresponding policies.

Keywords: digital infrastructure; employment creation; employment destruction

TheDilemmaofUrbanResidentsRespondingtoCommunityGovernanceundertheSituationofPublicCrisis:TakingShanghaiCitizens’ParticipationinCOVID-19’sPreventionandControlasanExample/WANG Weiquan, et al(School of Political Science and Public Administration, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 201620, China)

Abstract: During the COVID-19 epidemic, the community emergency management model led by government departments and participated by multiple subjects has become an important measure for epidemic prevention and control at the grass-roots level in China. Among them, urban residents, as one of the main bodies of emergency response, has unique advantages in participating in community emergency governance. However, in practice, the effectiveness of emergency management of this group is greatly reduced due to various difficulties. In addition, there is a complex mechanism behind the difficulties faced by this group, which has received little attention in previous studies. Based on grounded theory, we conducted in-depth interviews with 35 Shanghai community emergency responders, and sorted and coded the interview text. After inductive analysis, we obtained the dilemma and related mechanism of urban residents’ response to community governance in the context of public crisis. The study found that the dilemma of urban residents’ emergency response can be divided into two parts: internal and external. The internal dilemma can be subdivided into team dilemma (including shortage of staff and uneven personnel quality) and individual dilemma (including family burden, workload and negative emotions). The external dilemmas are reflected in policy, institutional dilemmas (including institutional rigidity, lack of materials and lack of publicity) and environmental dilemmas (including bad weather and public doubts). On this basis, policy and system dilemmas act on team dilemmas and environmental dilemmas, environmental dilemmas act on individual dilemmas, and individual dilemmas act on team dilemmas. The corresponding theoretical model is further constructed and improved, which is beneficial to the academic community to further deepen the research in related fields.

Keywords: city dweller；emergency response；community governance；governance dilemma；prevention and control of the COVID-19

ProjectEnteringtheVillageandCommunityResponse:AStudyontheMechanismofRuralEcologicalEnvironmentalGovernance/CHANG Yaqing, et al(School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100，China)

Abstract: Project entering the village is an important way to promote rural environmental governance, and the response capacity of community is related to the effectiveness of governance. Taking the “Village Bank” project in Northwest Yunnan as a case, this paper explores the environmental governance mechanism of the project in countryside from the perspective of village-community response to the project. The findings are as follows: accurately docking of livelihood needs and “development” to boost the “environmental protection” is the basis of the implementation of the project. Mobilizing the public with the help of local elite organizations and activating the endogenous motivation of the community is the key to the effective development of environmental governance. The ecological regulation based on local traditional culture is the institutionalized guarantee to realize the coordinated development of community economy and environmental protection. In order to improve the efficiency of environmental governance, it is necessary to fully integrate external governance projects with the logic of local life, so as to strengthen the dominant position of villagers and activate the enthusiasm of local people to participate in community environmental governance.

Keywords: environmental governance; project entering the village; community response; ecological regulations; organized mobilization

TortLiabilityofPropertyCompaniesforViolatingEnvironmentalManagementObligationsundertheBackgroundofGreenCivilCode/JIN Hai, et al(School of Law, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: The Civil Code has made the relevant systems of community environmental management green, but there is still room for improvement in the tort liability system of the property company’s violating the obligation of environmental management. The property company should assume the tort liability for violating the obligation of environmental management when the damage occurs. The obligation of environmental management of the property company is statutory and belongs to the obligation of security. The property company violates the obligation of environmental management, which provides an opportunity for the third party to commit the tort smoothly and has indirect causative potency for the damage. The omission of the property company and the tort of the third party constitute the concurrence of tort. The third party shall assume the tort liability for the victim’s damage. If the third party cannot assume the tort liability, the property company shall assume the supplementary liability based on its ability of prevention.

Keywords: the property company; the obligation of environmental management; the obligation of security; concurrence of tort; supplementary liability