未成年人流产后关爱服务的效果评价

刘维

[关键词] 未成年人;流产;关爱服务;焦虑评分;抑郁评分

[中图分类号] R473.71          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）25-0078-03

Evaluation on the effect of care services for minors after abortion

LIU Wei

Department of Gynecology， Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Jiangxi Province， Ganzhou   341000， China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the impact of care services on minors after abortion. Methods Eighty female minors who attended the Gynecological PAC Clinic of Ganzhou Maternity and Child Health Hospital from July 2019 to July 2020 were selected and divided into two groups based on the different care service models they received. The control group （n=40） took regular care services after abortion.The study group （n=40） took targeted care services. The anxiety score， depression score， effective contraceptive rate， repeated abortion rate， contraceptive knowledge mastery scores were compared between the two groups. Results The study group's anxiety score was （44.67±2.10）points，which was lower than（51.32±4.51） points of the control group.The depression score of the study group was（45.60±3.14） points， which was lower than（52.34±4.71） points of the control group （t=8.454， 7.530， P=0.000<0.05）. The knowledge mastery score of contraception in the study group was （5.53±0.84） points， which was higher than the （4.51±0.86） points of the control group （t=5.366， P=0.000<0.05）.The effective contraceptive rate in the study group was 97.50%， which was higher than 80.00% in the control group. The study group's repeated abortion rate was 0， which was lower than 15.00% in the control group （χ2=4.507， 4.505， P=0.034， 0.034<0.05）. Conclusion Providing care services to minors after abortion can effectively alleviate their anxiety and depression， improve their knowledge of contraception and other knowledge， thereby effectively avoiding unintended pregnancy and repeated abortion.

[Key words] Minors; Miscarriage; Care services; Anxiety score; Depression score

隨着社会发展，网络信息的开放，我国未成年女性意外怀孕、重复流产人次越来越多。据世界卫生组织统计，每年全球人工流产4800万例，我国就高达1300万例，高居事件第1位。在北京、上海一些大城市重复流产率高达50%，且患者年龄趋于年轻化。但人工流产尤其是重复流产，存在有一系列的近远期并发症和潜在危害，甚至导致部分女性抱憾终生，已然成为我国女性生殖健康的公共卫生问题之一。我国人工流产患者年龄愈趋年轻化、重复流产率每年不断增加：其中25岁以下妇女占47.5%，45%的女性在6～18个月内重复流产[1]。未成年人心理、生理尚不成熟，人流术后带来身体及精神创伤，再加上社会舆论带来的不利影响，其身心通常会受到严重损害，人工流产后若给予常规关爱服务通常效果不佳[2-3]。对此，应结合未成年人的特点来制定更有针对性的关爱服务措施，以此提高未成年人在人工流产后的有效避孕率，降低其重复流产率[4-6]。本文选取2019年7月至2020年7月期间在赣州市妇幼保健院妇科PAC门诊就诊的80例未成年女性，试分析关爱服务对未成年人流产后心理状态和生活质量产生的影响。