王嫚嫚
在读后续写中恰当使用直接引语可直观明了地体现出说话人的语气、态度、心理状态等等,是常用的写作手法之一。但使用不当,则很容易踩雷。本文以2017年高考浙江卷的读后续写为例,和大家谈谈如何避开直接引语之雷区。
文章梗概:Mac和两个朋友一同骑行去Alaska, 半路上朋友的车子坏了,让Mac先走。于是Mac暂时独自上路,途中遭遇恶狼穷追不舍。关键时刻,开车途径此地的Paul和Becky停下了车子……
雷区一:语气不当,不合语境。
有同学在第1段开头这样写道:“Hey friend, what happened? You seem to be in trouble. Can I help you?”asked Paul. 貌似友好、客气,但不符合当时生死一线的紧张氛围。毫不夸张地讲,再这样客气啰嗦下去,Mac就要成為恶狼的盘中餐了。因此,此处要使用简洁的语言、命令的语气,如:Paul shouted through the window,“Get in the car quickly!”此表达能充分体现出当时气氛的紧张和Paul救人的迫切心情。
雷区二:多轮对话,化简为繁。
很多同学喜欢采用直接引语进行多轮对话,以展开情节。这样做的表达效率很低,且大大占用了有限的写作空间,可以说是一种性价比极低的写作方法。如:
“Mac, what happened? You seem to have been in trouble,” asked Tim, one of Macs friends. Mac sighed,“I did experience something terrible. I was attacked by a wolf!”“Oh, my god! Im so sorry to hear that. We shouldnt have let you cycle alone,”Tim hugged Mac.“Im so lucky to have come across Paul and Becky. Without their selfless help, I wouldnt see you again,”Mac said sincerely. Then Tim turned to Paul and Becky, shaking their hands with sincerity,“Thank you so much for saving my friend.”“Youre welcome. We are glad to have given a timely help. By the way, we can drive you to Alaska in case of potential danger ahead,”offered Paul.“Thats so kind of you. Im sure that will be a great journey,”Tim replied happily.
这种整个段落都采用直接引语的方式是极不推荐的。不仅读起来费时费力,表达效率不高,而且不能很好地融入细节描写,很难体现出考生的书面表达功底。与其这样,不如采用以下表达方式:
Seeing Macs terrible appearance and hearing his horrible experience, they hugged Mac tightly, making a sincere apology for letting him cycle alone. Then they turned to Paul and Becky, shaking their hands firmly and expressing their heartfelt gratitude to them for saving their friends out of the wolfs mouth. In case of any potential danger ahead, Paul and Becky offered to drive Mac and his friends to Alaska. Then they started a happy journey.
雷区三:通通said,词不达意。
有的同学,无论直接引语的内容是什么,引语之外都是某人said, 词不达意。如:Paul said through the window,“Get in the car quickly!”此处使用said无法体现出Paul救人的急迫心情和当时局势的紧张,应将said改为shouted。再比如:“Oh, my god!Im so sorry to hear that. We shouldnt have let you cycle alone,”Tim said to Mac. 此处的Tim said to Mac过于平淡,无法体现出Tim的懊悔、歉意以及对Mac的安慰,应改为Tim hugged Mac。因此,我们应根据具体情况,采用不同的“说”法。
雷区四:标点混乱,影响表达。
1. 错用冒号。受汉语表达中直接引语前使用冒号的影响,有的同学在英语的直接引语前也会错误地使用冒号,如:Paul shouted through the window:“Get in the car quickly!”显然,应该将冒号改为逗号。
2. 缺少标点。如:Paul shouted through the window“Get in the car quickly!” 此句中的某人说位于直接引用之前,因此,雙引号之前应该有个逗号,将某人说和直接引语隔开。
3. 标点位置不当。如:Paul shouted through the window, “Get in the car quickly”!此句结尾的标点应挪到双引号之内,即Paul shouted through the window,“Get in the car quickly!”
4. 标点选择不当。如:Paul shouted through the window, “Get in the car quickly.”在quickly后面使用句号虽然不是不可以,但终归不如使用感叹号好。此处的感叹号更能体现出说话人的急迫的心情。
雷区五:人称混乱,影响理解。
“Thank goodness!Where did they go? I thought I wouldnt see you again,”Mac held his two friends tightly in arms. Mac是问他的两个朋友去哪里,因此,在直接引语中,应将they改为you。
以上是同学们在使用直接引语时极易踩到的雷区。一定要小心避之,方能恰当使用直接引语,为文章的整体表达增添色彩。
责任编辑 蒋小青