安徽省农村生活污水污染特点研究

孙亚敏

摘要 依据安徽省第二次全国污染源普查结果，基于环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）和熵值法，对2017年安徽省农村生活污水污染特点进行研究。结果表明：①全省农村生活污水COD、NH 3-N、TN、TP排放量分别占生活源排放总量的44.4%、38.1%、33.5%、39.6%，排放去向以直排入水体、直排入农田和其他途径为主，三者占91.6%。②全省农村集中式污水处理设施处理能力和污水管网建设均不足，农村生活污水中各污染物有效治理率均在6%以下。③全省農村有水冲式厕所的户数占常住户数的39.5%，农村生活污水人均污染物产生强度与水冲式厕所比例呈正相关性。④全省农村生活污水中人均COD排放强度、人均NH 3-N排放强度、人均TN排放强度、人均TP排放强度与农村居民人均可支配收入之间均呈倒“U”型关系，即随着人均可支配收入的增加，污染物排放强度呈先升后降的趋势。建议下一步因地制宜，选用适合农村地区的污水收集管网、治理技术及运行管理模式，同时加强农村改厕工作，补齐农村污染治理设施短板。

关键词 农村生活污水;环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）;熵值法;人均污染物产生强度

中图分类号 X 321  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）19-0055-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.19.014

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Study on Pollution Characteristics of Rural Domestic Sewage in Anhui Province

SUN Ya-min

（Anhui Eco-environmental Monitoring Center，Hefei，Anhui 230061）

Abstract Based on the results of the second national pollution sources survey of Anhui Province， the pollution characteristics of rural domestic sewage in 2017 were analyzed and studied with the method of Environmental Kuznets Curve （EKC） and entropy method.The results showed that：①COD， NH 3-N， TN and TP discharge of rural domestic sewage accounted for 44.4%， 38.1%， 33.5% and 39.6% of total discharge of residential pollution sources respectively.91.6% of pollutants were discharged directly into water bodies， farmland and other ways.②Both the treatment capacities of centralized rural domestic sewage treatment plants and the sewage pipelines of Anhui Province were inadequate.The effective treatment ratio of pollutants in rural domestic sewage were lower than 6%.③Only 39.5% of rural permanent households had flush toilets.Per capita pollutant production intensity of rural domestic sewage had positively correlated with the percentage of the flush toilets.④The Environmental Kuznets Curve （EKC） between per capita pollutant discharge intensity of COD， NH 3-N， TN and TP in rural domestic sewage and per capita disposable income of rural residents showed an inverted-U trend， namely with the increase of per capita disposable income， the pollutant discharge intensity had a tendency of descending after ascending.Next the sewage collection pipelines， treatment technologies， operation and management models should be selected to adapt the local rural areas，meanwhile the toilet reform should be strengthened so as to make up for the shortage of infrastructure for environmental protection in rural areas.

Key words Rural domestic sewage;Environmental Kuznets Curve （EKC）;Entropy method;Per capita pollutant production intensity