烤烟品种在宣威西南部中高海拔烟区的适应性研究

钱进 张军刚 曹加园 陈彪 吕世保 王全贞 周玉思 王瑞宝 李逊 徐雪萍 潘义宏

摘要  [目的]為了筛选出适宜宣威西南部中高海拔烟区种植的优质烤烟品种。[方法]2020年在宣威板桥进行田间对比试验，研究了10个烤烟品种的大田生育时期、农艺性状、主要病害发生率、经济性状以及初烤烟叶的含梗率、化学成分等方面的差异性。[结果]云烟97、云烟105、中川208和云烟116烤烟品种在大田中的长势较好，大田生育期均在130 d左右;云烟116除赤星病发病率较高（495%）外，其他主要病害发生率均低于3.17%，较其他品种低;4个品种的经济价值较优，产值均大于68 167.50元/hm2，生态适应性好;平均含梗率较低，均在30.54%以下，其中以云烟105最低，为27.68%。10个烤烟品种下、中、上部位烟叶的化学成分综合平均得分在0.41～053，烟叶化学协调性较差。其中，云烟87、云烟121、云烟123和中川208烟叶化学成分综合得分较高，均在0.48以上。[结论]云烟97、云烟105、中川208、云烟116适宜在该烟区种植，但应加强黑胫病、普通花叶病、赤星病和野火病的预防和防治，同时可以通过优化施肥措施，栽培技术和烘烤工艺的研究，提高烟叶品质和降低含梗率，提升烟叶等级结构和产值产量，驱动品种内在潜力，充分发挥品种生态和市场适应性方面的优势。

关键词 烤烟;品种;经济性状;适应性

中图分类号 S 572  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）19-0024-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.19.006

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Adaptability of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in Middle and High Altitude Tobacco Areas in Southwest Xuanwei

QIAN Jin1， ZHANG Jun-gang1， CAO Jia-yuan2 et al

（1. Qujing Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company， Qujing， Yunnan 655000;2. Yunnan Woojia Biotechnology Company Limited， Kunming， Yunnan 650106）

Abstract [Objective] To screen out high-quality flue-cured tobacco varieties suitable for planting in middle and high altitude tobacco areas in the southwest of Xuanwei. [Method] The field experiment was conducted in Banqiao， Xuanwei in 2020， and the field growth periods of 10 flue-cured tobacco varieties were studied， as well as agronomic traits， the incidence of major diseases， economic traits， stem content， chemical composition and other aspects of flue-cured tobacco leaves. [Result] The flue-cured tobacco varieties of Yunyan 97， Yunyan 105， Zhongchuan 208 and Yunyan 116 grew well in the field， and the field growth period was about 130 d. Except for the high incidence rate of brown spot （4.95%）， those of other major diseases of Yunyan 116 were lower than 3.17% ， which was lower than other varieties. The economic value and output of the four varieties were high， and the output values were all greater than 68 167.50 yuan/hm2， with good ecological adaptability;the average stem content rates were low， which were all below 30.54%. Among them， Yunyan 105 was the lowest， which was only 2768%. The comprehensive average scores of the chemical composition of the lower， middle and upper parts of the 10 varieties was between 0.41 and 0.53， and the chemical coordination of the tobacco leaves was poor.  Among them， Yunyan 87， Yunyan 121， Yunyan 123 and Zhongchuan 208 had relatively high comprehensive scores on the chemical composition of tobacco leaves， which were all above 0.48. [Conclusion] Yunyan 97， Yunyan 105， Zhongchuan 208， and Yunyan 116 were suitable for planting in this tobacco area， but the prevention and control of black shank， common mosaic， brown spot and wildfire should be strengthened， and fertilization measures could be optimized at the same time. The research of technology and baking process could improve the quality of tobacco leaves， reduce the stalk rate， increase the grade structure and output value of tobacco leaves， enhance the inherent potential of varieties， and give full play to the advantages of variety ecology and market adaptability.