宫颈癌科普讲座在中学女生宫颈癌一级预防中的应用价值

刘艳勃　吕雯

[关键词] 科普讲座;宫颈癌;一级预防;中学生;女性

[中图分类号] R737.33          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）22-0001-03

Application value of cervical cancer science lectures in primary prevention of cervical cancer in middle school girls

LIU Yanbo   LV Wen

Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province， Hangzhou   310012，China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the significance and value of cervical cancer science lectures in primary prevention of cervical cancer in middle school girls. Methods A total of 634 female students from a middle school in Hangzhou were selected for cervical cancer science education and questionnaire survey in October 2020. Results There were 232 girls with sexual life history， including 191 girls with unsafe sexual activities and 257 girls with reproductive tract infection. After cervical cancer science lectures and education， the awareness of primary prevention of cervical cancer related knowledge was significantly improved in middle school girls， including common symptoms of cervical cancer， high-risk factors for cervical cancer （premature sexual activities and childbirth， smoking， high-risk HPV infection， number of induced abortions， and family history）， and preventive measures for cervical cancer （knowing that cervical cancer can be prevented， women of the right age should be screened regularly for cervical cancer， to prevent multiple sexual partners， to use condoms during sexual life， no sexual life and childbirth too early， and reproductive tract infections）， HPV vaccine knowledge （role and types of HPV vaccine， best age for vaccination， safety and effectiveness， necessity of HPV vaccination， and willingness to inoculate at one's own expense） （χ2 values were 80.370， 135.593， 47.245， 113.642， 86.484， 60.832， 144.512， 49.487， 39.552， 47.202， 74.912， 80.773， 59.665， 78.205， 97.030， 31.010， and 41.604， and P values were all <0.05）. Conclusion Middle school girls lack knowledge about cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Cervical cancer science lectures in campuses can significantly increase the awareness of cervical cancer， safe sexual activities， and HPV vaccine. It can become an important strategy in the primary prevention of cervical cancer in adolescents.

[Key words] Science lectures; Cervical cancer; Primary prevention; Middle school students; Women

宮颈癌是严重威胁女性健康的恶性肿瘤，世界卫生组织统计，2018 年全球宫颈癌新发病例约为57.0万，死亡病例约为31.1万[1]。近年来，我国宫颈癌发病率也呈上升趋势，且年轻化趋势日益明显[2]。宫颈癌是一种病因明确、可预防的恶性肿瘤。在全球消除宫颈癌的大背景下，我国的宫颈癌防治工作仍面临前所未有的挑战。目前我国宫颈癌的综合防控策略重点已有新的变化，将对适龄妇女定期宫颈癌筛查的“二级预防”与青少年的“一级预防”两道防线并举。一级预防主要包括：健康教育、建立安全性行为和接种HPV 疫苗[3]。“二级预防”策略近些年已得到很好的开展与落实，但“一级预防”仍是宫颈癌防治工作的薄弱环节，研究如何更好落实“一级预防”，将有重要的战略意义。因此医疗机构除做好适龄女性的宫颈癌筛查工作，更应该致力于如何向青少年提供宫颈癌预防的相关知识，灌输生殖健康理念及提高宫颈癌疫苗的覆盖率，将对宫颈癌的一级预防工作有重要意义。