雅思写作词汇（4）：万能高分词汇（续）

在“雅思写作词汇”系列里，老雅已经指出，雅思写作（即使高分段写作）并不需要特别高端的词汇。老雅的基本观点是：如果能准确使用4500左右的词汇，就能达到写作7分的词汇标准。本专栏上期，老雅已经介绍了5个万能雅思写作高分词汇，本期将再介绍5个高分词汇。需要说明的是，所谓“万能”，是指这些词汇在多数题材中都可用到，因此考生既可以为了意思表达需要使用这些词汇，也可以为了让这些词汇出镜而调整需要表达的意思。

万能词汇：involve

involve 这个词的常用意思为“使卷入……”，但其转义“包含，需要”在雅思写作中用处更大。比如：

I seem to have involved myself in something I dont understand. 我似乎已经卷入了我不了解的事情当中。

I dont want to do anything that would involve me in a long-term commitment. 我不想做任何会使自己卷入长期承诺的事情。

Running a kitchen involves lots of discipline and speed. 管理厨房需要讲究规矩和速度。

在《剑桥雅思》的一篇关于“中学生是否应该参加社区服务工作”的官方范文中有这么一句：

It has been suggested that high school students should be involved in unpaid community services as a compulsory part of high school programmes. 有人建议，高中生应参与无偿的社区服务，作为高中课程的必修课。

在这个句子中，“be involved in”意思是“参加，加入”，相当于 do 或者 take part in。老雅在《剑桥雅思》中还找到一句：The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. 造成这一趋势的原因之一可能是人们已经认识到，直接从中学升入大学的年轻人在常识和社会经验方面相当有限。本句的话题是“中学生毕业后是否应该去旅游或工作一年后再上大学”，其中的involve一词使用非常地道，如果不用这个词，我们可以用“The reasons for this trend may have something to do with the recognition that...”，意思虽然相同，但词汇的幅度就下降了不少。

以下我们再看老雅原创的雅思真题高分范文中的两个例子：

①In my opinion， modern digital means of communication are certainly a positive development because they can help to solve many of our problems. What remains to be done is that we make the best use of them and reduce the risks they may involve. 我認为，现代数字化通讯方式无疑是积极的进步，因为它们可以帮助我们解决很多问题。我们应该做的是充分利用它们，同时降低它们可能带来的风险。（2017/8/12，现代通讯科技对我们有好处吗？）

②We need to take good care of these buildings and keep them as long as possible， however much money it may involve， so that they can tell the stories of the city or the nation to our future generations. 我们需要照顾好这些建筑物，并尽可能长时间地保存它们，不管要花多少钱，这样它们就可以向我们的后代讲述城市或国家的故事。（2019/7/18，用于修缮老建筑的钱应该用于新住房和道路建设吗？）

万能词汇：justify

justify 的意思是“证明……有理;为……找理由”，这个词在以议论为主的雅思作文中使用非常频繁。比如：

No argument can justify a war. 没有什么理由能证明战争有理。

How do you justify your failure in the final exam？ 你怎么解释期末考试不及格？

In my opinion， the decision was wholly justified. 在我看来，这个决定完全合理。

The robber tried to justify his crime by saying that he needed money to pay his debts. 抢劫犯说他需要钱来还债，企图以此为他的罪行辩护。

以下看justify在老雅范文中的使用情况：

①Undoubtedly， such pressing problems as housing， education， and medicare ought to be taken care of by the government， but it is also the responsibility of the government to prepare for the future of the Earth. Seen in this light， a reasonable investment on the life on other planets is perfectly justifiable. 毫无疑问，诸如住房、教育和医疗保险等紧迫的问题应该由政府来解决，但政府也有责任为地球的未来做好准备。从这个角度来看，对其他行星上的生命进行适当投资是完全合理的。（2018/12/1，应该投资太空技术吗？）

②To make things worse， entertainment producers these days tend to present， quite misleadingly， violent acts as an expression of heroism and have them well justified， giving the viewers， especially those young viewers， a false impression that violence is a cool and always right thing to do. 更糟糕的是，今天的娱乐节目制片人往往将暴力行为塑造成英雄主义气概，并且把它们描绘得完全正当，这是很有误导性的，给观众（尤其是年轻观众）一种错误的印象，即暴力是一件很酷也总是正确的事情。（2018/5/20，控制影视中的暴力可以降低犯罪率吗？）

万能词汇：excessive

excessive 使用非常广泛，表示“过多的;过分的”。比如：

Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver. 这种药使用过量会损害肝脏。

Excessive rainfall had made the harvest impossible. 雨量过多，丰收已经不可能了。

Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents， according to the foundation. 据该基金会称，超速在多达五分之一的致命交通事故中扮演重要角色。

以下看excessive在老雅范文中是如何使用的：

①Generally， more and more employees are experiencing conflicts between their career and personal roles. On the one hand， they are having excessive work responsibilities; while on the other hand， they are having responsibilities for other aspects of their lives. 一般来说，越来越多的员工正经历着职业角色和个人角色之间的冲突。一方面，他们有过多的工作责任;另一方面，他们有对其生活其他方面负有责任。（2019/7/20，工作与生活难以平衡的原因及解决办法）

②Besides， as many secondary school students are not yet mature intellectually and mentally， the excessive exposure to international news may actually have negative influence on their ways of looking at their own country. 此外，許多中学生在智识和精神上都还没有成熟，过度接触国际新闻实际上可能会对他们看待自己的国家产生负面影响。（2020/8/16，中学生应该学习国际新闻课吗？）

③There seems to be more and more detailed criminal description on media these days， such as beating， murdering， gun fighting， blood shedding， among others. As I see it， the excessive exposure to these criminal scenes will negatively influence newspaper readers and TV viewers， thus increasing the likelihood of their committing the same crimes in real life， but to restrict them on media is quite another story. 现在，媒体上似乎有越来越详细的犯罪描述，如殴打、谋杀、枪战、流血等。在我看来，读到或看到太多类似犯罪场景将对报纸读者和电视观众产生负面影响，从而增加他们在现实生活中犯下同样罪行的可能性，但在媒体上限制这些描写则是另一回事。（2020/10/24，是否应该限制报纸、电视中的犯罪描写？）

万能词汇：eventually

eventually比较常见，其基本意思是“最后地，最终地”，与at last和finally经常可以互换使用。比如：

He worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill. 他工作太卖力，最后自己病倒了。

It was a long journey， but we eventually arrived. 旅程很长，但我们最后还是到达了。

Many in the credit industry expect that credit cards will eventually replace paper money for almost every purchase. 信贷业中许多人认为，信用卡最终将取代纸币来完成近乎所有购买。

以下我们看eventually在老雅范文中是如何被使用的：

①Such is human nature that we always ask for more than is necessary for us， which， if not brought well under control， will make us greedy and eventually lead us all the way to prison. 这就是人类的天性，我们总是想得到比自己所需更多的东西，如果不能很好地控制，这个天性会让我们变得贪婪，最终把我们送進监狱。（2020/8/15，犯罪是天性使然吗？）

②If the government and individuals alike tried their best to help the criminals by creating job opportunities for them and showing enough respect， I believe they would eventually come back to normal life and would not commit more crimes. 如果政府和个人都尽力帮助罪犯，为他们创造就业机会，并表现出足够的尊重，我相信他们最终会回归正常生活，不会再犯罪。（2020/11/7，被惩罚后的罪犯继续犯罪的原因及解决办法）

③Most important of all， it is just in not so pure a place as school that kids can learn to tell right from wrong， good from bad and eventually become physically and psychologically healthy individuals when they grow up. 最重要的是，正是在像学校这样不纯的地方，孩子们能够学会分辨是非对错，待他们长大之后，最终成为身心健康的人。（2016/2/13，在家教育还是去学校？）

万能词汇：apparently

apparently来自于apparent，意思为“显而易见地;表面上地”。比如：

It was apparent to all that he was guilty. 大家都清楚，他是有罪的。

She heard the news of his death with apparent unconcern. 听到他的死讯，她看起来无动于衷。

His proposal is apparent to all of us and you do not need to tell us more about it. 我们都明白他的计划，你不用再告诉我们。

In 1914， an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe plunged Europe into a great war. 1914年，在东欧一个偏远地区发生的一件看似不起眼的事件，将欧洲拖入到一场大战中。

以下句子摘自老雅高分范文：

①Today， we can apparently accomplish a lot of things without the help of others， which leads to the popular belief that we are becoming more and more independent. 今天，我们表面上没有别人的帮助也能够做成很多事情，这让大家都相信，我们正变得越来越独立。（2016/11/05，我们正越来越独立还是越来越相互依赖？）

②For quite a long time， receiving a good education was the only way for young people to get a decent job and earn a high salary. But now， this is apparently not the case any more. 在很长一段时间内，接受好的教育是年轻人获好工作、挣高工资的唯一路径，但是现在看起来似乎不是那样了。（2017/3/4，年轻人不喜欢学习的原因及解决办法）

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