寻找浙江诗路之美

胡可先

寻找浙江诗路之美，还要从浙东唐诗之路说起。唐诗是中国古典诗歌的巅峰，唐人创造了大量脍炙人口的诗作，成为后代取之不尽、用之不竭的文化财富。唐代诗人爱山水，爱漫游，浙东成为他们的向往之地，浙东的山水美景与诗人的心灵契合，形成了特色鲜明的唐诗之路。

浙东唐诗之路有着深厚的渊源。晋宋之际大诗人谢灵运的山水诗就集中描写浙东的山水。他作于景平元年春的《登池上楼》有“池塘生春草，园柳变鸣禽”之句，是山水美景的千古传神之笔。他在赴永嘉途中描写富春山水的《七里濑》诗有“石浅水潺湲，日落山照曜。荒林纷沃若，哀禽相叫啸”，堪称写景之逼真有如近在眼前的风景画。《文心雕龙》所言“庄老告退而山水方兹”就是始于谢灵运的，而谢灵运的山水诗又是集中于他担任永嘉太守的时期。因此可以说，浙东是中国山水诗的主要发源地，谢灵运是名副其实的山水诗鼻祖。

浙东唐诗之路最有代表性的诗人是李白与杜甫。李白有《梦游天姥吟留别》《琼台》《秋下荆门》《越女词》《越中览古》《越中秋怀》《天台晓望》《对酒忆贺监》等诗。浙东之地，很大程度上是因为李白的漫游而名扬天下，李白在浙东留下的足迹也最多。李白最爱浙东山水，《秋下荆门》所言“此行不为鲈鱼脍，自爱名山入剡中”就是发自内心的表白。杜甫《壮游》诗说“越女天下白，鉴湖五月凉”，是描写浙东人物与风景的绝佳诗句。唐代诗人因为漫游、隐逸、为宦、贬谪来到浙东，诸如宋之问、王勃、李白、杜甫、孟浩然、元稹、李绅、杜牧，加上本土诗人骆宾王、贺知章、严维、秦系，创造了优秀的唐诗佳作，使得浙东的天然山水又融注了丰富的文化内涵。

浙江有浙东唐诗之路、钱塘江诗路、大运河诗路、瓯江山水诗路四条诗路，杭州则融会了三条诗路的精华。浙东唐诗之路、钱塘江诗路和大运河诗路聚焦于杭州，唐代的著名诗人大都在杭州留下足迹。举其要者有王勃、骆宾王、宋之问、贺知章、李白、杜甫、孟浩然、刘长卿、元稹、白居易、李绅、张祜等，杭州往往因此成为诗人们终生的记忆，以至于白居易在《望江南》词中说，“江南忆，最忆是杭州。山寺月中寻桂子，郡亭枕上看潮头。何日更重游”。 宋人柳永《望海潮》词说，“东南形胜，三吴都会，钱塘自古繁华”，说的是杭州，其实可以扩展到整个浙江。京杭大运河以杭州为起点，延伸到全国;钱塘涌潮是全国山水的绝胜之地，杭州西湖更是不可替代的浙江名片，浙东剡溪、曹娥江、婺江等风光旎旖，气象万千，瓯江山水诗路主线也达300多公里。

浙江这四条诗路，融注了诗人的气质、诗歌的底蕴、诗路的风采、诗画的美感;这里有名家、名篇、名胜，是山水美景与人文底蕴合而为一的集中地。浙江诗路源远流长，气象万千。

浙江少年儿童出版社出版《诗画浙江：诗路伴我行》一书，以故事的情节呈现诗人的气质，以通俗的语言呈现诗歌的蘊涵，以图画的形式呈现诗路的美景，带领儿童寻找与发现浙江诗路之美，开拓少年的视野，陶冶儿童的心灵，确实是做了一件很有意义的事。这本书不仅凝聚了浙江四条诗路之美，更承载着5千年诗路文化的深厚底蕴。其意义更在于通过诗路人物、诗路名篇、诗路遗迹、诗路风物、诗路故事的叙说，贯通古今的对话，跨越时空的交流，引导青少年走上世代传承的文化自信之路，使中华民族的优秀传统文化基因融注于青少年一代的精神血脉之中。

（作者系浙江大学教授、博士生导师，中国杜甫研究会副会长。）

Finding Beauty along Zhejiangs Poetry Roads

By Hu Kexian

To find the beauty along Zhejiangs poetry roads， the Tang Poetry Road in East Zhejiang should be the starting point. The pinnacle of classical Chinese poetry， Tang poetry is undoubtedly an inexhaustible cultural wealth for future generations. Since poets in the Tang dynasty （618-907） were particularly partial to mountains and rivers， and were fond of “wandering around”， East Zhejiang became one of their favorite places. Fascinated with the charming landscape in the area， theses poets penned numerous poems， creating what is today known as the Tang Poetry Road.

In fact， the road went a long way back. During the Jin dynasty （266-420） and the Southern and Northern Dynasties （420-589）， the great poet Xie Lingyun （385-433） already began writing poems on the landscape of East China. In 422， when Xie Lingyun was appointed prefect of Yongjia， Wenzhou， he wrote the poem “Ascending the Tower by the Pond” （Deng Chishang Lou）， in which was contained such well-known lines as “Spring grass grows rampantly over the pond and myriad birds chirp happily in the willows.” In another poem， “Seven-league Rapids”（Qili Lai）， the descriptions of the Fuchun Mountains are said to conjure up the image of a landscape painting when one reads them： “Along stony shallows the water flows; when the sun sets， the mountain glows. In forests wild leaves fall， after one another sorrowful birds call.” Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragonstherefore commented：“Zhuangzi and Laozi had receded into the background and the theme of mountains and streams then began to flourish.” It all started with Xie Lingyun， the veritable inventor of the landscape poetry genre， and East Zhejiang， where Xie wrote most of his landscape poems， is a major birthplace of the genre.

Among the hundreds of poets who traveled along the Tang Poetry Road in East Zhejiang， Li Bai （701-762） and Du Fu （712-770） are indisputably the most acclaimed. To a large extent， it is Li Bai that had spread the name of East Zhejiang far and wide， as attested by “Mountain Skyland Ascended in a Dream： A Song of Farewell” or Mengyou Tianmu Yin Liubie， one of his most well-known poems. When he wrote， “Not for stewed perch Im on this trip， but for great mountains Im on my way to Shanzhong [in present-day Shengzhou city]，” Li Bai was showing his genuine love for the place. “Ladies of Yue [present-day Shaoxing] are the fairest under heaven， Jianhu Lake is still cool in the fifth month of lunar calendar，” the two lines in Du Fus poem “Travels in My Prime” （Zhuang You） masterfully capture the features of East Zhejiang and its people. Apart from the two “immortals”， many other Tang poets， such as Wang Bo （ca. 650-ca. 676）， Meng Haoran （689-740）， Du Mu （803-852）， Luo Binwang （ca. 626-ca. 684） and He Zhizhang （658-744）， and their poems on East Zhejiang have infused life and spirit into its natural beauty.

As well as the Tang Poetry Road， Zhejiang province also has the Qiantang River Poetry Road， the Grand Canal Poetry Road and the Oujiang River Landscape Poetry Road. Lying at the intersection of the first three， for some， the essence of the poetry roads lies ultimately in Hangzhou. Indeed， coming to Hangzhou invariably became a lifetime memory for many poets. “When I remember Jiangnan [south of the Yangtze River]， most fondly I remember Hangzhou，” Bai Juyis （772-846） oft-recited verse best sums it up. The Oujiang River Landscape Poetry Road winds for more than 300 kilometers， and as its name suggests， some of the best landscape poems can be found along this route.

Poetic and Picturesque Zhejiang： Growing up with the Poetry Roads， published by Zhejiang Juvenile and Childrens Publishing House， is a meaningful endeavor. It presents poets through stories， explains poems in easy-to-understand language and shows the enchanting poetry roads with illustrations. In the process， the book tries to lead children to look for and eventually find the beauty of Zhejiangs poetry roads， expand their vision and cultivate their mind. More significantly， this book tries to guide children to take to the road cultural self-confidence through the different characters， the elegant poems， the ruins and remains and the stories along the poetry roads.