借助阅读活动提高高中英语词汇课堂教学效率

2021-07-30 05:24中山市中山纪念中学
师道(教研) 2021年7期
关键词:生词人教版语篇

文/中山市中山纪念中学 张 岩

现行的人教版普通高中英语课程标准实验教科书每个单元生词量45 至65 个不等,大多出现在阅读课文之中。阅读课是英语教学的重要环节,是学生学习词汇,积累词汇量的重要途径,但是当前阅读课堂中的词汇教学依然存在很多问题。如何合理地设计阅读活动以提高阅读课堂中词汇教学效率是本文的探究重点。

学习词汇不只是记忆词的音、形、义,更重要的是在语篇中通过语言活动理解和表达与各种主题相关的信息与观点。因此,教师在设计阅读活动时要结合主题语境不断复现有关词汇,有意识地促使学生通过观察、比较、分类和总结等手段,不同程度地掌握目标词汇。

一、根据主题语境,确定目标词汇

人教版高中英语教材每个单元生词量45 至65 个不等。在阅读课堂中,过多、过细、过全地讲解生词都会影响到学生对于语篇整体性的把握,不利于学生在课文的语境中去理解和记忆核心词汇。在课前教师应确定本节课的目标词汇,切记不可贪多,通常应该包括:1.与感知、理解该主题语境或表达相关话题的信息和意义密切相关的词汇;2.给学生理解文本造成障碍的词汇;3.在该文本中有特殊意义的词汇。

以人教版必修4 Unit 2Working the landReading:A pioneer for all people为例。文章主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平以及他在水稻种植上取得的突出贡献与成就。根据目标词汇的选择原则,与主题语 境 紧密相关 的 struggle,crop,output,hunger,disturb,expand,circulate,thanks to,rid of,be content with,would rather,equip 被选为目标词汇。在感知、理解该主题语境时理解下列词汇:crop,output,hunger,disturb,expand,circulate;在表达相关话题的信息和意义时,如谈论一位自己最敬佩的各领域领军人物时模仿运用 thanks to,rid of,be content with,would rather,equip。

二、紧贴阅读主线,适度复现词汇

词汇处理必须为阅读服务,不可以喧宾夺主,不可以打断阅读的进度。因此,教师在设计活动时,应尽力保证学生在理解文本的同时关注并使用目标词汇。

以人教版必修4 Unit 2Working the landUsing Language:Chemical or organic farming?为例。

Step I Students predict the main content of the passage according to the title.

根据语篇标题Chemical or organic farming?读前 prediction 部分请学生预测语篇的主题和内容,既训练了学生的理解性技能又带出chemical 和organic 两个主题词汇。

Step II Skim the passage to find its main idea.

Chemical fertilizers can cause many problems,so organic farming is becoming more popular.

Step III Scanning for the topic sentences in each paragraph

Contents Roles Para.1 topic Chemical fertilizers cause damage to the land and more dangerous to people’s health illustration Para.2 problems Problems caused by chemical fertilizers comparison Para.3 advantages With these discoveries, some farmers are beginning to turn to organic farming.Para.4 methods Organic farmers use many other methods to keep the soil fertile.conclusion

Step IV Detailed reading —true or false statement

1.Chemical fertilizers kill the helpful bacteria and pests as well.( )

2.Organic fertilizers increase(build up)in people’s body ( )

3.Chemical fertilizers lead to cancer or other illnesses.( )

4.Organic food contains less nutrition and vitamins and more minerals. ( )

5.Organic farming keeps the soil rich,fertile and free of bacteria.( )

6.Organic farming keep the crops free from chemicals. ( )

这几项活动的设计与文章的主线结合紧密,帮助学生更好地理解议论文篇章结构中论证观点与论据之间的关系。与此同时,学生在寻找答案的过程中也注意到了目标词汇的词块搭配和使用语境。

三、基于词汇目标,多样设置活动

Step V Post Reading:Complete each blank with a word below.Be sure to change the form,if necessary.

Today we use____in almost every part of our lives, hoping to make life faster, more convenient or just better. At home we use them to kill flies and other disease-carrying____.Doctors give them to us in medicine to fight harmful_____in our bodies.Factory workers use them in industrial____to make everything from toys to shoes to toothbrushes.Farmers also use them in the_____to help their plants grow fast and become strong.However,the____of new ways to use___have brought difficulties as well as benefits. For example, too much use in farming leads to food that is low in____and other things that we need for good.What is the____of the problem?

Some people think it is from a wrong_____on money and speed,while others say it is just from a lack(缺乏)of education about the problems.Who knows?Maybe it is both.

本活动基于词汇目标,对阅读主题进行有益拓展,整合教材workbook 部分,加深学生对于主题语境“健康生活方式、人与环境”的理解,同时复现目标词汇并要求学生对对标词汇进行必要的变形。

四、梯度活动难度,强化词汇运用

Step VI Dialogue

Students have a conversation in pairs, with one student as the farmer and the other as the customer. The farmer is persuading the customer to buy his/her“green food”

Target language:chemical fertilizers health tasty nutrition minerals fertile rich …

本活动属于整合任务,鼓励学生思考绿色食物的优点以及有机种植的好处。帮助学生回顾课文内容,回忆前几项阅读活动中出现的目标词汇,学生联系已有知识分享观点。阅读活动的设计要有层次,由浅入深,先保证目标词汇的简单呈现与适度复现,然后在相关语境下进行必要的变形,最后上升到相关话题的讨论与交流,层层递进,符合学生词汇学习的认知规律。

词汇的教学不能脱离语篇阅读,合理的阅读活动设计能够有效提高词汇教学效率。教师可以在阅读课堂中依附阅读主线借助多种形式、多模态的阅读活动提高词汇在主题语境中的复现率,优化词汇教学效果。

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