Smart City: The Top Stories of 2020 2020年智慧城市杰出案例

唐玉平

Smart city technology has proven powerful at helping cities around the world battle Covid-19， and it will continue to be required throughout 2021. Lets take a look back at the top 8 most popular stories in 2020.

South Korea steps up online coronavirus tracking

Central and local governments in South Korea were among the first to employ technology to track the virus by sending real-time alerts via text message， apps and online on the number of confirmed cases of the coronavirus as well as the travel histories of those infected. In March， we reported how a “self-quarantine safety protection” app， developed by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety， allows those who have been quarantined to stay in touch with caseworkers. The Corona 100m （Co100） app， launched on February 11， had a million downloads in its first 10 days after launch.

Bogotá expands bike lanes to curb cor-onavirus spread

Also in March， the Colombian capital of Bogotá announced that it was opening 76km （47 miles） of temporary bike lanes to reduce crowding on public transport and help prevent the spread of coronavirus， as well as to improve air quality. A statement from the mayors office said： “The bicycle， being an individual means of transport， represents one of the most hygienic alternatives for the prevention of the virus， especially in this first preventive stage in which it is recommended to avoid close contact and crowds.”

LA rolls out pre-paid cards for Covid-19 financial assistance

In April， the City of Los Angeles said it would provide pre-paid debit cards to get financial assistance to the most in-need residents faster amid the pandemic. The programme was to be deployed with Accelerator for America and Mastercards City Possible1， and the partners reckon the approach could be quickly scaled to other cities. Funds were distributed via no-fee， pre-paid debit cards， enabled by City Possible， to citizens experiencing financial hardship due to Covid-19-related job losses or furloughing2.

Amsterdam adopts first city doughnut model for circular economy

In April， the City of Amsterdam published the Circular 2020–2025 strategy， which outlined actions to halve the use of new raw materials by 2030. The strategy is based on what Amsterdam reports as “the worlds first City Doughnut3” economic model. The city aims to have a completely circular economy by 2050， based on reusing raw materials to avoid waste and reduce CO2 emissions.

Singapore tops smart city ranking for second year running

In September， Singapore topped the Institute for Management Development （IMD）4 Smart City Index for the second consecutive year， followed by the Finnish capital Helsinki and Swiss city of Zurich. The ranking is based on citizens perception of the impact that technology has on their quality of lives as well as economic and technological data.

Boston launches Covid-19 data dashboards for residents

The Boston Department of Innovation and Technologys Citywide Analytics Team launched two dashboards in March that allowed residents to track the number of coronavirus cases in the city and throughout Massachusetts. Mayor Marty Walsh said： “Ensuring residents have accurate， up-to-date information about the coronavirus is critical during this challenging time. These dashboards are another resource for residents to gather information and stay informed as we follow public health guidelines to keep ourselves and each other safe.”

How 5G-powered robots are helping China fight coronavirus

Artificial intelligence has been central to many solutions developed to battle the virus. In March， we reported how China was using 5G patrol robots to monitor mask-wearing and body temperatures in public places， such as airports and shopping malls， in cities such as Guangzhou， Shanghai， Xian and Guiyang. Meanwhile， intelligent disinfection robots developed in a week from design to sample production by Siemens and Aucma were to be used in some of Chinas hospitals.

Covid-19 accelerates the adoption of smart city tech to build resilience

Also in May， a report from ABI Research highlighted how drones， new types of surveillance， digital twins5 and real-time dashboards were among the technologies emerging in new use cases6 by cities during the coronavirus pandemic. Analysis by the global tech market advisory firm showed that city governments are adjusting to a new reality with Covid-19 driving urban resilience and digital transformation strategy agendas.■

在全球各城市抗擊新冠肺炎的战斗中，智慧城市技术发挥了重要作用;在整个2021年，它亦不可或缺。现在让我们回顾一下2020年里最广为人知的八大案例。

韩国加强新冠病毒在线追踪

韩国的中央和地方政府在病毒追踪技术的最早使用者之列——通过短信、应用程序和网络，就确诊病例数和感染人员的旅行史向公众发布实时提醒。2020年3月，我们报道过由韩国行政安全部研发的一款“自行隔离安全保护”应用程序，可使隔离人员与防疫人员保持联系。2月11日推出的Corona 100m手机应用上线后最初10天的下载量达到100万次。

波哥大延长自行车道以抑制新冠病毒传播

同样是在3月，哥伦比亚首都波哥大宣布开放总计长76公里（47英里）的临时自行车道。这项举措除了旨在改善空气质量，更着意于缓解公共交通人多拥挤的情况，助力疫情防控。市长办公室发布的一份声明宣称：“自行车作为一种个人出行工具，是预防病毒传播最卫生的一种出行选择，尤其是在疫情防控的初期阶段，在此阶段建议大家避免近距离接触及人群聚集。”

洛杉矶推出预付借记卡，用于发放疫情纡困金

4月，洛杉矶市宣布将向该市最困难的居民提供预付借记卡，使他们能够在疫情期间更快地获得经济补助。该计划由“美国加速器”基金和万事达City Possible计划一起部署。合作者们认为这个方法可能很快会扩大到其他城市。借由City Possible派发的无手续费的预付借记卡，向遇到经济困难的市民发放救助金，这些人因新冠疫情而失业或不得不停薪休假。

阿姆斯特丹采用首个“城市甜甜圈”模型以发展循环经济

4月，阿姆斯特丹市发布了2020—2025年循环经济战略。该战略拟定了在2030年之前将新原材料的使用减少一半的行动计划。它的基础就是阿姆斯特丹宣布的“世界首个城市甜甜圈”经济模型。该市目标是到2050年完全实现循环经济，其基础是对原材料加以再利用，从而避免浪费并降低二氧化碳的排放。

新加坡连续两年位居智慧城市榜首

9月，新加坡连续第二年荣登洛桑国际管理发展学院的“智慧城市指数”排名榜榜首，紧随其后的是芬兰首都赫尔辛基和瑞士城市苏黎世。该项排名不仅基于经济和科技数据，也基于市民如何看待科技对于他们生活质量的影响。

波士顿为居民推出疫情实时数据仪表盘

3月，波士顿创新和技术部的全市分析团队推出了两个数据仪表盘，使市民可以追踪到该市和整个马萨诸塞州的新冠确诊病例数。市长马蒂·沃尔什说：“在这个艰难的时期，确保居民获得准确的最新疫情信息是非常重要的。在我们遵守公共卫生指导方针、注意自身和他人安全的同时，这两个仪表盘为居民收集信息、了解实时疫情提供了又一种手段。”

5G机器人助力中国抗疫

对于研发出来的众多抗疫方案，人工智能起着主导作用。3月，我们报道过中国利用5G巡逻机器人在广州、上海、西安和贵阳等城市的公共场所（如机场和购物中心）监测口罩佩戴情况和人体体温。与此同时，中国的一些医院采用了由西门子公司和澳柯玛集团联合研发的智能消毒机器人——从设计到样品生产，这款机器人仅耗时一周。

新冠疫情使智慧城市技术提以加速应用以构建城市韧性

也是在5月，ABI Research公司发布了一份报告。该报告重点描述了无人机、新型监视设备、数字孪生技术和实时仪表盘如何在疫情期间成为城市用来应对新情况的新型技术。这家全球技术市场咨询公司的分析表明，各市级政府正在适应一种新的现实，那就是新冠疫情推动着城市韧性和数字化转型战略议程。                        □

（译者为“《英语世界》杯”翻译大赛获奖者）

1指由洛杉矶Accelerator for America基金会与万事达卡City Possible计划合作发起的募款活动（Angeleno Campaign），募集总额超过 1000 万美元。City Possible是由万事达国际组织发起的公共与私营部门合作（public-private partnerships，简称PPP）新模式，旨在推动包容性金融，用支付数据改善城市规划，实现可持续发展。

2 furlough强制……休假。  3甜甜圈经济学是英国经济学家凯特·雷沃思（Kate Ra-worth）开发的经济学模型。甜甜圈的内环是“社会基础（social foundation）”，即各类满足个人生活基本需求和权利的因素，包括食物、水、能源、住房、教育、医疗等;外环是“生态天花板（ecological ceiling）”，包括气候变化、海洋酸化、化学污染、生物多样化丧失、空气污染等。雷沃思主张把经济增长控制在内外环形成的“甜甜圈”里，保证经济增长满足人的基本需求，但不至于冲破生态天花板，破坏地球环境。  4 即International Institute for Management Development（简称IMD），是全球顶尖的商业管理学院，坐落于瑞士西部城市洛桑。

5 digital twin数字孪生（又称“数字双胞胎”），是充分利用物理模型、傳感器更新、运行历史等数据，集成多学科、多物理量、多尺度、多概率的仿真过程，在虚拟空间中完成映射，从而反映相对应的实体装备的全生命周期过程。  6 use case用例，或译使用案例、用况，在软件工程中表示系统所提供的功能，描述系统是如何被参与者所使用的。