高考英语“七选五”阅读的衔接方式与解题思路

广东 骆海燕

新高考地区高考英语“七选五”阅读，共5 小题，每小题2.5 分，满分12.5 分。高分层的学生通常会得满分，但中低分层的学生往往一不小心就会严重失分。5 小题共同构成一个完整的篇章，可谓一题不慎，他题遭殃。但相对于阅读理解C 篇和D 篇来说，“七选五”的难度并不高，其重点考查考生对篇章衔接的把握。笔者结合教学实践，总结出“七选五”的复习口诀“四看四把握”：一看文章结构，把握整体思路；二看题号位置，把握命题角度；三看选项句式，把握句子特点；四看空白前后，把握细节衔接。本文中笔者将重点就“七选五”的衔接方式与解题思路展开分析，希望能给考生的备考带来启发。

一看文章结构，把握整体思路

从上表可知，“七选五”的短文有时有标题，有时没标题。2020 年全国卷Ⅰ“七选五”的短文中各段还特别用黑点显示分点的首句。2021 年1 月八省（市）联考“七选五”阅读模仿了这一做法，用黑点显示各段的小标题。

二看题号位置，把握命题角度

从上表可知，“七选五”的文章一般分为四至五段，段首、段中和段末都有设题，但不会在首段首句设题，这和完形填空题一样，首段首句一般不设空。其余四题三个位置都可能设空。段中的设空多关注前后句的衔接，段首句的设空除了要注意总起概括本段，还要注意衔接上段的内容，而段末句的设空除了需关注其与前句的衔接，还需关注其起总结本段或全文的作用。

三看选项句式，把握句子特点

从上表可知，部分设空可以先根据句式进行判断，从而缩小选项的范围。以2020 年全国卷Ⅰ为例，36 题的正确选项应该在A，B 和G 三个疑问句之中产生；37 题位于段首，是段落主题句，应与下面各段首句句式相同，为祈使句，故可在D，E 和F 三个选项中进行选择，这样一来，选择的范围就变小了，再根据前后衔接及句意，就可以选出答案了。

四看空白前后，把握细节衔接

（一）代词衔接

1.人称代词：it,he,she,we,they...

【2018 年全国卷Ⅰ】Over the years,there have been a number of differenttechniquesto help designers approach this important point.37,theycan get a little complex.But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.

【解题思路】37 题为细节支撑句，承前启后。此处是复合句中的状语从句，结合本段第一句中的“a number of differenttechniques”以及最后一句给出的三种设计方案可知，此处表示“虽然这些技巧非常有用，但它们会有一点复杂”，故A 项“While all of them are useful”符合语境，句中的“all of them”和后句的“they”均指代前一句中的techniques。故选A。注意they,them 指代可数名词复数。另外，While 在本句中意为“虽然”，并留意useful与complex 的词义。

2.指示代词：this,that,these,those

【2019 年全国卷Ⅰ】Recently,people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）.38 Inthese placespatients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green,growing things can reduce stress,lower blood pressure,and put people into a better mood（情绪）.Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.

【解题思路】38 题为细节支撑句，承前启后。上一句提到“人们开始研究自然界和治愈之间的联系”，G 项“All across the country,recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.”提到“在全国范围内，康复中心已经开始建设康复花园”，是对上一句的延伸，且下一句中的“these places”指代的就是G 项中的“Healing Gardens”。故选G。学生可以根据意义和词语指代两条线索来解题；39 题为细节支撑句，承前启后。前文提 到“Greenery is good for us.”，C 项“Being in nature refreshes us.”与前文在意义上构成递进关系，解释了绿色植物对人体有益处，且与下一句“It gives us a great feeling of peace.”在意思上连贯，It 指代Greenery。故选 C。注意It 指代单数名词、不可数名词或句子。

3.疑问代词/副词：which,who,what;when,where,why,how

【2020 年全国卷Ⅰ】We all want it...to accept and love ourselves.But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach.36 Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.

【解题思路】36 题为承上启下句。前两句提到“我们要接受和爱自己，但有时这似乎太困难”，设空处及其后应提出方法，结合选项可判断设空处应是一个疑问句，故应从选项A.Feeling upset again? B.Where do you start?和G.When does the comparison game start? 中进行选择。A 选项中出现了“again”，这意味着其要和前句衔接，不符合语境，G 选项中的“the comparison game”与本段的内容不衔接。故选B。

4.不定代词：every,each,both,all,other,others,another...

【2019 年全国卷Ⅰ】40 Whilethe sun’s rayscan age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working,and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.

【解题思路】40 题为段落主题句，同时承接上文。本段介绍了阳光对人体的好处，D 项“Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.”提出“呼吸新鲜空气的另一个附带好处是阳光”，“Another side benefit”承接上文的好处，且sunlight 与后一句的“the sun’s rays ”呼应。故选D。

（二）词汇衔接

1.原词衔接

【2018 年全国卷Ⅰ】Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room.A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you justlooking fora place to relax after a long day? 36,color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.

【解题思路】上文给出了不同的房间风格选择，该段最后一句又提到“color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel”，由此可知此处指不管你在寻找什么（风格），颜色是关键。B 项“Whatever you’relooking for”为让步状语从句，且短语“looking for”前后句重现呼应，文意衔接自然。故选B。原词衔接的注意事项：注意选项是否与原文的意思衔接，如果不是，则该词复现为设题陷阱。

2.语义场衔接

语义场的五种主要类型：类属义场、顺序义场、关系义场、同义义场、反义义场。

【2019 年全国卷Ⅰ】37 If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.

【解题思路】37 题为段首句。本段介绍了呼吸洁净的室外空气对身体有益，A 选项“Fresh air cleans our lungs.”提到“新鲜空气清洁我们的肺”，符合语境，且“lungs”与“breathe”呼应。故选A。

3.副词(连词）衔接

在高考英语“七选五”阅读中，常见的形成副词（连词）衔接的词包括however (but),so,therefore,also,too,either,again 等。

【2018 年全国卷Ⅰ】The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant.40 .

【解题思路】40 题为篇末总结句。根据本段第二句提到的“the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant”可知，此处意在强调所花费的时间、精力和费用是巨大的，F 选项“So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first time”提到“所以要确定，因为你想第一次就做好”与前一句语义衔接，且so 为标记词。故选F。

（三）标点符号衔接

【2019 年全国卷Ⅰ】We all grew up hearing people tell us to“go out and get some fresh air.”36 According to recent studies,the answer is a big YES,if the air quality in your camping area is good.

【解题思路】36 题为承上启下句。上一句提到“我们从小就被告诉应出去呼吸新鲜空气”，下一句中的关键信息“the answer is a big YES”是对某个问题作出的回答，由此可判断设空处应是一个一般疑问句，故答案应从B.So what are you waiting for? 和E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? 两个疑问句中进行选择。根据句意可知，E 项“But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?”符合语境。故选E。

（四）语境衔接

【2018 年全国卷Ⅰ】Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with.They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting yourwalls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,small color choicesbring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.

Medium color choicesare generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables or bookshelves.39.Theyrequire a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

【解题思路】39 题后面的“They”指代“Color choices”，段末提到了“a bigger commitment than smaller ones”和“a more powerful effect”，此处是在和上文中的“small color choices”作对比，故G 选项“Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways”与上下文语境衔接紧密。故选G。

【2020 年全国卷Ⅰ】● 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.

●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.We are often ashamed of our shortcomings,our mistakes and our failures.Remember,you are only human.You will make mistakes,time and time again.Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better,why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response?“That didn’t go as planned.But,I tried my best.”

【解题思路】37 题为本段主题句，与下面各段的首句句式相同，为祈使句，故答案应从选项D.Remember,you are only human.E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.和F.Stop comparing yourself with others.中进行选择。根据句意可知，F 选项“不要拿自己和别人比较”与上下文语境衔接紧密。故选F。

笔者要强调的是，在“七选五”阅读的复习备考中，学生在每次依靠小策略做完题目后，要注意积累一些词汇或短语，不断扩大自己的词汇量，并做到能精准分析文章结构和句子，真正做到以不变应万变。否则，技巧终究是权宜之计，难保万全。毕竟，高考考查的是考生分析和解决问题的能力。此外，应注意多个选项出现同一个关键词时的细致排查，如2021 年1 月八省（市）联考“七选五”阅读试题中选项B，D 和F 中都出现了关键词app；或选项中出现了文章中的原词，但句意却与原文不符等命题陷阱。