布拉格滨河区空间复兴，布拉格，捷克

建筑设计：彼得·扬达/脑力工坊建筑事务所

1 滨河区正面外景/Front view of riverfront area

2 滨河区背面外景/Back view of riverfront area

项目概述

2009 年，我们共同发起的布拉格滨河区的规划与建筑复兴项目，已经历了10 年的建设。项目片区曾是码头与转运点，在经受了2002 年的洪水之后荒废，成为停车场。随着项目的逐步激活，其文化与社会价值得以复兴，随之而来的是建筑的复苏。

城市环境

布拉格滨河区是一个对整座城市都具有重要意义的公共空间，为城市的“脊椎”——伏尔塔瓦河与公共空间赋予了独特的共生关系。在控规范围内的河岸边，滨水建筑构成了河道上的“脊骨”，通过堤岸上每一个独立的 “脊骨”支撑起了整个城市的形体框架。

滨河区的复兴计划所涉范围广阔，沿着拉欣、霍热伊希和德沃夏克这3 条布拉格的河堤延伸近4km。业已完成的一期工程产生了巨大的社会文化影响。其重点是重建河堤墙壁上的20 个拱洞（原为冰库），将其与外部空间融为一体，而非创造典型的室内环境，以期最大限度地与滨河区及河流产生对话。

功能规划

这些拱洞将成为咖啡馆、俱乐部、艺术工坊、工作室、画廊、图书馆分馆、社区会议空间与公共厕所等功能空间。建筑设计采用差异性的模块化设计，将空间设计成包含了所有运行和技术设备的基底与可以适应不同情境的吧台。拱洞中的每位租户都会得到一本用户手册，内含其身份信息，以及所添加的内装元素（如在大型拱洞中插入地板、外部吧台等）。重点落在每个拱洞可能发生的调整，这样即使每位租户各自置入坐席家具与室内元素，所有拱洞也仍能获得一致的完整性。作为建筑师，我们把控着各处调整，尽可能地支持租户在建筑学方向上的求同存异，这样整体区域的基本外观可以得到保留，也能体现各租户的个性。虽然这往往意味着不同的建筑敏感度，但我们相信这将在另一个层面上使我们的拱洞设计更为完善。大多数和我们一起营造出了滨河区氛围的租户仍将在那里继续生活，新的项目也会从公开竞赛获得的一系列完整规划中选出。我们相信他们会丰富滨河区的社会性，也会迸发出多样的内容与功能概念以满足所有的需求。

作为建筑复兴的一部分，我们开始为滨河区建立起规划方法论。策划人一职的设立是为了引入权威人士把控这一宝贵公共空间的文化与社会品质，补足管理者—建筑师—策划人的功能三角。

建筑设计

干预措施与原有滨河墙体自然共生，融为一体，通过运用针灸式策略，它们重新创造了一个富有纪念意义的整体，旨在最大限度地开放墙内空间以实现与滨河区最直接的联系。建筑设计顺应当地环境，以最小化的艺术手段厘清现有的形状与关系，并找到新的由堤岸环境产生的互联界面与可能性。

3 可开启和关闭的旋转窗/Glazed round windows open and close

Description

The project has been built for 10 years.We coinitiated it in 2009 as a programme and architectural revitalisation of the Prague riverfront area that was built as a quay and transhipment point.The area was deserted after the 2002 floods and used as a car park.By gradual programme activation, we have achieved cultural and social revival, and subsequently,architectural rehabilitation.

Urban Context

Prague's riverfront area is a public space of city-wide significance, enabling a unique symbiosis of public space with the spinal cord of the city: the Vltava River.In the regulated part of the banks, the riverfront architecture becomes the backbone for the river spinal cord, which, through the individual"vertebrae" of the embankments, holds the skeletal system of the city on which the entire urban structure forming its body is hung.

The vast revitalised riverfront area stretches along the three Prague embankments: Rašín, Hořejší and Dvořák, almost 4 km in length.The completed first phase has produced a great sociocultural impact.It focused on the reconstruction of 20 vaults in the riverside wall (originally ice storage areas).Instead of creating classic interiors, the vaults are merged with the exterior with maximum contact with the riverfront area and the river.

Programme

4 总平面/Site plan

5 首层平面/Ground floor

6 首层平面-卫生间/Ground floor, Toilet

拉欣河堤上的6 处拱洞是遵照既有洞口几近整圆的圆弧建造的。设计基于微小的干预措施，以少换多，用现代的方式呈现其既有的质量，创造了独特的场景与体验。原有的金属拉伸网与滨河墙体上的石砌拱过梁被拆除，取而代之的是尺寸巨大的玻璃圆窗，这个圆窗以窗框内部对角线为轴旋转开启。入口被设计为特制的金属窗框配以重达1～1.5t的拉宽椭圆玻璃。既有洞口的石拱弧形被仿照石砌台阶形制的石堆补全，其内隐藏着设备井、空调通风口和防洪构件。由有机玻璃制成的椭圆旋转窗厚7cm，直径5.5m，重约2.5t，每一扇的形状都各不相同，且由于其尺寸超过标准玻璃，这些可能是世界上最大的旋转窗了，开启和关闭都需要引擎驱动。在使用室内空间的时候，窗户会被固定在开启60%的位置，其他时间则由运动传感器控制自动开关，也可以由工作人员开启。霍热伊希河堤上的14 处拱洞则拥有钢塑大门，呈指向门框内侧的弧形，这样的处理方式使得大门开启后，拱洞内可与整个滨河区产生联系。在有公共厕所的拱洞里，入口会向室内延伸出平滑的曲线，在公共区域之外分出厕所的隔间。

技术控制

地暖、空调与热循环系统、红外线加热装置的结合保证了全年的运行，因此各拱洞可以全年开启窗扇与滨河区相连接。所有工程构件都一体式浇筑融入拱顶之中，在视觉上没有任何影响。在拉欣河堤，空调风口以形状各异的缝隙形式穿插在入口处仿制台阶的连接点与内槽中；而在霍热伊希河堤，空调风口则穿插在窗框和地板与墙壁的插座里。电气插座、上下水管都隐藏在地板下嵌入式的圆柱筒里。拱洞实现了无障碍设计，由便携式防洪挡板保护。所有拱洞空间都应用了模块化的、设备齐全的舱体，其中包括了壁挂式不锈钢马桶、定制的自动洗脸盆和干手器、照明设备、垃圾桶以及排风扇。厕所门上的占用指示灯也各不相同，它们被设计为带有象形图案的玻璃球（男用、女用或通用）。污水处理系统是压力泵系统，可将污水抽出至位于河堤水平面以上的污水管中。□

（潘奕 译）

7 总平面/Site plan

8 工作室示意/Atelier diagram

9 咖啡厅示意/Café diagram

The vaults will serve as cafes, clubs, studios,workshops, galleries, a library branch, space for neighbour meetings and public toilets.The architectural design works with modular diversity,the spaces are designed as a detailed base that includes all operational and technical facilities and a bar that can be moved to different positions.There is a user's manual that contains the identification of the individual tenants and the addition of builtin elements (the insertion of floors into large vaults,exterior bar, etc.).Emphasis is placed on the possible adjustment of each of the vaults so that they gain consistent integrity through the equipment of each tenant with their seating furniture and interior elements.As architects, we supervise the individual adjustments so that the basic vision of the area is preserved, while achieving authenticity for each tenant.We try to be supportive to the tenants and stay in the background architecturally,allowing a diversity of opinions.Although this often means different architectural sensitivity, we believe this will complement our basic vault design through another layer.Most of the tenants who co-created the phenomenon of the riverfront area will continue there and new projects have been selected from a whole spectrum of plans in an open public competition.We believe they will socially complement the riverfront area and offer various content and programme concepts that will cater to all needs.

As part of the architectural revitalisation, we initiated the creation of a programme methodology for the riverfront area.The position of curator was created to complement the functional triangle of manager – architect – curator, with an authority overseeing the cultural and social quality of this valuable public space.

Architectural Design

The interventions symbiotically merge with the original architecture of the riverside wall, into which they naturally fuse; by using the acupuncture strategy, they re-create a monumental whole.The aim is the most direct connection with the riverfront area with the maximum opening of the spaces inside the wall.The architectural design responds to the context of the place and works with minimal artistic means that allow purging of the existing shapes and relations and finding new interconnection views and possibilities arising from the environment of the embankment.

10 旋转窗/Glazed round window

11 吧台的不同格局/Bar position

12 拱洞内景/Interior view of arch

The 6 vaults on the Rašín Embankment are built following the almost circular arc of the upper part of the existing openings.The design itself is based on a tiny intervention, which takes more than it adds and brings the existing quality back in a contemporary way, creating a unique situation and opportunity.The former stretch metal curtain wall and stone constructions built into the original bridge arches of the riverfront wall were knocked down and replaced with large-format glazed round windows that open by diagonal rotation inside the frame.The entrance portals are designed as atypical steel frames with dilated elliptic glass weighing 1～1.5 t.The stone arched linings of the existing portals are completed with stone stepped volumes following the former steps allusion, which hide the installation shaft, air-conditioning vent and anti-flood control elements.The elliptical pivoting windows made of organic glass 7 cm thick and 5.5 m in diametre weigh approximately 2.5 t.Each has a unique shape and,due to their size exceeding the standard glazing,these are probably the largest pivot windows in the world.Opening and closing are engine powered.For the operation of the inner spaces, the windows are fixed in the position of 60% of its opening.Other options are automatic opening with motiondetecting sensors, or they can be opened by the bar staff.The 14 vaults on the Hořejší Embankment have steel sculptural entrances curved into the jamb in such a way that they connect the vault with the riverfront area in the entire space when opened.In the vaults with public toilets, the entrance wings follow a smooth arc into the interior membrane separating the cabins from the public area.

Technical Design

A combination of floor heating with airconditioning with heat recovery and infrared heaters allows year-round operation, so it can be connected with the riverfront area with the windows open all year.All of the engineering distributions are integrated into the vault structures so that they do not interfere with the visual design.The air conditioning has atypical slits inserted into the portal staircase joints and inner slots on the Rašín Embankment; whereas on the Hořejší Embankment,it is inserted into the window jambs and outlets in the floor and walls.The electrical installation outlets, water and sewerage are hidden in built-in cylindrical floor boxes.The vaults are barrier-free,protected by portable flood-stop barriers.All of the spaces use modular, fully-equipped cabins that include wall-mounted stainless-steel toilets, custommade, automatic washbasins with hand dryers,lighting, waste bin and fan.The toilet doors have atypical light occupancy indicators designed as a glass ball with a pictogram (men, women or unisex).The entire sewerage removal system works as a pressure pumping system, which pumps the sewage into the sewer mains located above the level of the embankment.□

13 拱洞内景/Interior view of arch

14 热循环通风示意/Heat recovery ventilation diagram

15 供暖系统示意/Heating system diagram

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client: 布拉格市/The City of Prague

地点/Location: Rašín, Hořejší and Dvořák Embankments,Prague, Czech Republic

主持建筑师/Principal Architect: Petr Janda

团队成员/Team: Anna Podroužková, Maty Donátová, Bára Simajchlová

区域/Area: linear public space of the waterfront promenade in a total length of about 4 km

成本/Cost: 650万欧元/6.5 M EUR

项目周期/Project Period: 2009-2019

摄影/Photos: BoysPlayNice

16 卫生间舱示意/Toilet cabin diagram

17 内景细部/Interior detail