苑 祥,李震源,梅丽娟,张培成*
醉马草中黄酮类化学成分研究
苑 祥1, 2,李震源1,梅丽娟2,张培成1*
1. 中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院药物研究所,天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室,北京 100050 2. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海省藏药研究重点实验室,青海 西宁 810008
研究禾本科芨芨草属植物醉马草中的化学成分。综合运用HP-20大孔树脂、ODS中压色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱以及制备型高效液相色谱等方法进行系统的分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质及其波谱数据,并通过对比文献报道的波谱数据,鉴定化合物的化学结构。从醉马草乙醇提取物中分离得到15黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为异红草素(1)、金丝桃苷(2)、槲皮素-3--β--吡喃葡萄糖基-(3′→-3′′′)-槲皮素-3ʺ--β--吡喃半乳糖苷(3)、3ʹ-甲氧基槲皮素-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β--吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、异鼠李素-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β--吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、槲皮素-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β--吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、槲皮素-3--β--吡喃葡萄糖基-7--α--吡喃鼠李糖苷(7)、山柰酚-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β--吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、山柰酚-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-β--吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、8-甲氧基槲皮素-3--β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)、槲皮素-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β--吡喃半乳糖基- 7--β--吡喃葡萄糖苷(11)、5,7,3ʹ-三羟基-8,4ʹ,5ʹ-三甲氧基黄酮(12)、木犀草素-7--葡萄糖醛酸苷-6ʹʹ-甲酯(13)、木犀草素-7--葡萄糖醛酸苷(14)和金圣草黄素(15)。所有化合物均为首次从醉马草中分离得到。
醉马草;黄酮;异红草素;金丝桃苷;木犀草素-7--葡萄糖醛酸苷;金圣草黄素
醉马草(Hance) Keng.为禾本科芨芨草属Beauv.多年生草本植物。别名醉马芨芨、醉针茅、醉针草、马尿扫等,是我国西北草原上有名的毒草。醉马草在我国广泛分布于新疆、甘肃、青海、内蒙古等地,多生于海拔1700~4200 m的高山及亚高山草原、山坡草地和田边。醉马草是哈萨克医常用的药材,具有消肿止痛、清热解毒等功效,并对腮腺炎和关节疼痛的治疗都有很好的效果[1]。化学成分研究显示,醉马草中含有生物碱、黄酮等多种成分[2]。醉马草具有抗肿瘤、杀虫、抑菌等生物活性[3-5]。为了更合理地开发利用该植物资源,充分发挥应用价值,本实验对醉马草乙醇提取物中的化学成分进行系统研究,利用多种色谱分离方法共分离鉴定出15个黄酮类化合物,分别为异红草素(isoorientin,1)、金丝桃苷(hyperoside,2)、槲皮素-3--β--吡喃葡萄糖基-(3′→-3′′′)-槲皮素-3ʺ--β--吡喃半乳糖苷[quercetin-3--β--glucopyranoside (3′→-3′′′)- quercetin-3--β--galactopyranoside,3]、3ʹ-甲氧基槲皮素-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β--吡喃葡萄糖苷 [3′--methylquercetin-3--α--rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β--glucopyranoside,4]、异鼠李素-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β--吡喃葡萄糖苷[isorhamnetin-3--α--rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-- glycopyranoside,5]、槲皮素-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β--吡喃葡萄糖苷[quercetin-3--α-- rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β--glucopyranoside,6]、槲皮素-3--β--吡喃葡萄糖基-7--α--吡喃鼠李糖苷(quercetin-3--β--glucopyranoside-7--α-- rhamnopyranoside,7)、山柰酚-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β--吡喃葡萄糖苷[kaempferol 3-- α--rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β--glucopyranoside,8]、山柰酚-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-β--吡喃葡萄糖苷[kaempferol 3--α--rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)-β--glucopyranoside,9]、8-甲氧基槲皮素-3--β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8-methoxyquercetin-3--β- glucoside,10)、槲皮素-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基- (1→2)-β--吡喃半乳糖基-7--β--吡喃葡萄糖苷[quercetin-3--α--rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-- galactopyranoside-7--β--glucopyranoside,11]、5,7,3ʹ-三羟基-8,4ʹ,5ʹ-三甲氧基黄酮(5,7,3ʹ- trihydroxy-8,4ʹ,5ʹ-trimethoxyflavone,12)、木犀草素-7--葡萄糖醛酸苷-6ʹʹ-甲酯(luteolin-7--glucuronide- 6ʹʹ-methyl ester,13)、木犀草素-7--葡萄糖醛酸苷(luteolin-7--glucuronide,14)和金圣草黄素(chrysoeriol,15)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。
Bruker AVANCE III 500型核磁共振仪(美国Bruker-Biospin公司);Agilent 1100 LC/MSD TOF型高分辨质谱仪(美国Agilent公司);Agilent 1260 型高效液相色谱仪(美国Agilent公司);Shimadzu LC-6AD 型半制备液相色谱仪(日本Shimadzu公司);YMC ODS-A C18制备柱(250 mm×10 mm,5 µm,日本YMC公司);Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶色谱填料(瑞典Pharmacia Fine Chemicals公司);MCI色谱填料(日本三菱株式会社)。
醉马草于2018年8月采自青海省海东市平安区,经中国科学院西北高原生物研究所梅丽娟研究员鉴定为禾本科芨芨草属植物醉马草(Hance) Keng.。
将阴干的醉马草全草粉碎(45 kg),然后经80%乙醇回流提取(3×2 h),料液比1∶8,得浸膏(约3.2 kg)。浸膏经水分散后,依次用石油醚和醋酸乙酯萃取。所得水部位(1.5 kg)加水分散,上样HP-20大孔树脂,使用乙醇溶液梯度洗脱(0、20%、50%、70%、95%),得到20个流分Fr. A~T。Fr. H(12.6 g)使用ODS中压柱色谱分离,甲醇-水(0∶10~10∶0)梯度洗脱,经HPLC分析后合并,共获得12个亚流分(Fr. H1~H12)。Fr. H9(200 mg)经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱(0~50%乙醇溶液梯度洗脱)、pre-HPLC(25%甲醇溶液)分离得到化合物1(12 mg)、3(16 mg)、10(9 mg)和12(7 mg)。Fr. H5(79 mg)经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱(10%~50%乙醇溶液梯度洗脱)得到化合物2(25 mg)和14(30 mg)。Fr. H2(153 mg)经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱(0~50%乙醇溶液梯度洗脱)、pre-HPLC(18%甲醇)分离得到化合物4(5 mg)、5(17 mg)、6(6 mg)、8(8 mg)和9(19 mg)。Fr. K(7.8 g)经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱(0~90%乙醇溶液梯度洗脱)分离得获得30个亚流分(Fr. K1~K30),Fr. K5(18 mg)经pre-HPLC(21%甲醇)分离得到化合物7(6 mg)。Fr. K9(156 mg)经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱(25%乙醇等度洗脱)得到化合物11(26 mg)和13(15 mg)。Fr. K17(60 mg)经pre-HPLC(28%甲醇)分离得到化合物15(11 mg)。
化合物1:黄色无定形粉末;ESI-MS/: 449 [M+H]+,分子式为C21H20O11;1H-NMR (500 MHz, methanol-4): 7.34 (2H, overlapped, H-6ʹ, 2ʹ), 6.86 (1H, d,= 8.0 Hz, H-5ʹ), 6.51 (1H, s, H-3), 6.45 (1H, s, H-8), 4.84 (1H, overlapped, H-1ʺ), 4.13 (1H, t,= 9.0 Hz, H-2ʺ), 3.83 (1H, d,= 12.0 Hz, H-6ʺb), 3.69 (1H, dd,= 12.0, 5.0 Hz, H-6ʺa), 3.43 (2H, overlapped, H-4ʺ, 5ʺ), 3.37 (1H, m, H-3ʺ);13C-NMR (125 MHz, methanol-4): 184.1 (C-4), 166.3 (C-2), 164.9 (C-7), 162.1 (C-5), 158.7 (C-9), 151.1 (C-4ʹ), 147.1 (C-3ʹ), 123.5 (C-1ʹ), 120.3 (C-6ʹ), 116.8 (C-2ʹ), 114.1 (C-5ʹ), 109.2 (C-6), 105.2 (C-3), 103.9 (C-10), 95.1 (C-8), 82.7 (C-5ʺ), 80.1 (C-3ʺ), 75.3 (C-1ʺ), 72.5 (C-2ʺ), 71.8 (C-4ʺ), 62.9 (C-6ʺ)。以上数据与文献报道的基本一致[6],故鉴定化合物1为异红草素。
化合物2:黄色晶针[氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)];ESI-MS/: 465 [M+ H]+,分子式为C21H20O12;1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-6): 12.66 (1H, s, 5-OH), 10.86 (1H, s, 7-OH), 9.77 (1H, s, 4ʹ-OH), 9.19 (1H, s, 3ʹ-OH), 7.68 (1H, dd,= 8.5, 2.0 Hz, H-6ʹ), 7.53 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-2ʹ), 6.82 (1H, d,= 8.5 Hz, H-5ʹ), 6.41 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-6), 6.21 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-8), 5.39 (1H, d,= 8.0 Hz, H-1ʺ), 5.17 (1H, d,= 4.5 Hz, 4ʺ-OH), 4.90 (1H, d,= 5.5 Hz, 2ʺ-OH), 4.47 (2H, m, 3ʺ, 6ʺ-OH), 3.65 (1H, m, H-6ʺb), 3.57 (1H, m, H-6ʺa), 3.46 (1H, m, H-5ʺ), 3.36 (1H, m, H-4ʺ), 3.33 (1H, m, H-2ʺ), 3.28 (1H, m, H-3ʺ);13C-NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-6): 177.5 (C-4), 164.2 (C-7), 161.3 (C-5), 156.3 (C-9), 156.3 (C-2), 148.5 (C-4ʹ), 144.9 (C-3ʹ), 133.5 (C-3), 122.1 (C-6ʹ), 121.1 (C-1ʹ), 116.0 (C-5ʹ), 115.2 (C-2ʹ), 104.0 (C-10), 101.8 (C-1ʺ), 98.7 (C-6), 93.6 (C-8), 75.9 (C-5ʺ), 73.2 (C-3ʺ), 71.2 (C-2ʺ), 68.0 (C-4ʺ), 60.2 (C-6ʺ)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[7],故鉴定化合物2为金丝桃苷。
化合物3:棕色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 911 [M+H]+,分子式为C42H38O23;1H-NMR (500 MHz, methanol-4): 7.81 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-2ʹʹʹ), 7.67 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-2ʹ), 7.55 (1H, dd,= 8.5, 2.0 Hz, H-5ʹ), 7.53 (1H, dd,= 8.5, 2.0 Hz, H-5ʹʹʹ), 6.83 (1H, d,= 8.5 Hz, H-6ʹʹʹ), 6.81 (1H, d,= 8.5 Hz, H-6ʹ), 6.35 (2H, m, H-8, 8ʹʹ), 6.15 (2H, s, H-6, 6ʹʹ), 5.22 (1H, d,= 7.5 Hz, H-1ʹʹʹʹ), 5.13 (1H, d,= 7.5 Hz, H-1ʹʹʹʹʹ), 3.81 (1H, d,= 3.0 Hz, H-4ʹʹʹʹʹ), 3.78 (1H, t,= 9.0 Hz, H-2ʹʹʹʹʹ), 3.68 (1H, dd,= 12.0, 2.0 Hz, H-6bʹʹʹʹʹ), 3.60 (1H, dd,= 11.0, 6.0 Hz, H-6aʹʹʹʹʹ), 3.55~3.50 (3H, m, H-6bʹʹʹʹ, 2ʹʹʹʹʹ, 5ʹʹʹʹʹ), 3.45 (2H, m, H-6aʹʹʹʹ, 2ʹʹʹʹ), 3.39 (1H, t,= 9.0 Hz, H-4ʹʹʹʹ), 3.31 (1H, t,= 9.0 Hz, H-3ʹʹʹʹ), 3.19 (1H, m, H-5ʹʹʹʹ);13C- NMR (125 MHz, methanol-4): 179.5 (C-4′′), 179.5 (C-4), 166.0 (C-7), 166.0 (C-7′′), 163.1 (C-5′′), 163.0 (C-5), 159.0 (C-2), 158.7 (C-2′′), 158.5 (C-9′′), 158.4 (C-9), 150.0 (C-4′′′), 149.8 (C-4′), 145.9 (C-3′), 145.8 (C-3′′′), 135.7 (C-3′′), 135.6 (C-3), 123.2 (C-6′′′), 123.0 (C-6′), 122.9 (C-1′), 122.8 (C-1′′′), 117.8 (C-2′′′), 117.5 (C-2′), 116.1 (C-5′), 116.0 (C-5′′′), 105.7 (C-10), 105.6 (C-10′′), 105.4 (C-1′′′′′), 104.2 (C-1′′′′), 99.9 (C-6, 6′′), 94.7 (C-8, 8′′), 78.4 (C-5′′′′), 78.1 (C-3′′′′), 77.2 (C-5′′′′′), 75.7 (C-2′′′′), 75.1 (C-3′′′′′), 73.2 (C-2′′′′′), 71.2 (C-4′′′′), 70.0 (C-4′′′′′), 62.5 (C-6′′′′), 61.9 (C-6′′′′′)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[8],故鉴定化合物3为槲皮素-3--β--吡喃葡萄糖基-(3′→-3′′′)-槲皮素-3ʺ--β--吡喃半乳糖苷。
化合物4:黄色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 625 [M+H]+,分子式为C28H32O16;1H-NMR (500 MHz, methanol-4): 8.05 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-2ʹ), 7.46 (1H, dd,= 8.5, 2.0 Hz, H-6ʹ), 6.85 (1H, d,= 8.5 Hz, H-5ʹ), 6.33 (1H, s, H-8), 6.11 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-6), 5.83 (1H, d,= 8.0 Hz, H-1ʺ), 5.10 (1H, d,= 1.0 Hz, H-1ʺ), 0.79 (3H, d,= 6.5 Hz, H-6ʹʹʹ);13C-NMR (125 MHz, methanol-4): 179.3 (C-4), 165.6 (C-7), 163.2 (C-5), 158.3 (C-2), 158.1 (C-9), 150.5 (C-3ʹ), 148.4 (C-4ʹ), 134.4 (C-3), 123.3 (C-6ʹ), 123.1 (C-1ʹ), 115.9 (C-5ʹ), 114.6 (C-2ʹ), 106.0 (C-10), 102.5 (C-1ʺ), 100.1 (C-1ʹʹʹ), 99.6 (C-6), 94.5 (C-8), 77.9 (C-3ʺ), 77.1 (C-5ʺ), 75.6 (C-2ʺ), 73.9 (C-4ʹʹʹ), 72.4 (C-4ʺ), 72.3 (C-3ʹʹʹ), 70.6 (C-2ʹʹʹ), 69.8 (C-5ʹʹʹ), 68.3 (C-6ʺ), 57.1 (-OCH3), 17.4 (C-6ʹʹʹ)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[9],故鉴定化合物4为3ʹ-甲氧基槲皮素-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β--吡喃葡萄糖苷。
化合物5:黄色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 625 [M+H]+,分子式为C28H32O16;1H-NMR (500 MHz, methanol-4): 7.93 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-2ʹ), 7.49 (1H, dd,= 8.5, 2.0 Hz, H-6ʹ), 6.85 (1H, d,= 8.5 Hz, H-5ʹ), 6.32 (1H, s, H-8), 6.12 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-6), 5.85 (1H, d,= 8.0 Hz, H-1ʺ), 5.11 (1H, d,= 1.0 Hz, H-1ʺ), 0.81 (3H, d,= 6.5 Hz, H-6ʹʹʹ);13C-NMR (125 MHz, methanol-4): 179.3 (C-4), 165.7 (C-7), 163.2 (C-5), 158.4 (C-2), 158.2 (C-9), 150.6 (C-3ʹ), 148.3 (C-4ʹ), 134.3 (C-3), 123.4 (C-6ʹ), 123.3 (C-1ʹ), 117.7 (C-5ʹ), 116.0 (C-2ʹ), 114.4 (C-10), 102.8 (C-1ʹʹʹ), 100.1 (C-1ʺ), 99.7 (C-6), 94.5 (C-8), 80.3 (C-2ʺ), 78.8 (C-3ʺ), 78.4 (C-5ʺ), 73.9 (C-4ʹʹʹ), 72.4 (C-3ʹʹʹ), 72.3 (C-2ʹʹʹ), 71.8 (C-4ʺ), 69.9 (C-5ʹʹʹ), 62.4 (C-6ʺ), 56.9 (-OCH3), 17.4 (C-6ʹʹʹ)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[10],故鉴定化合物5为异鼠李素- 3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β--吡喃葡萄糖苷。
化合物6:黄色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 611 [M+H]+,分子式为C27H30O16;1H-NMR (500 MHz, methanol-4): 7.62 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-2ʹ), 7.59 (1H, dd,= 8.5, 2.0 Hz, H-6ʹ), 6.83 (1H, d,= 8.5 Hz, H-5ʹ), 6.36 (1H, s, H-8), 6.17 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-6), 5.06 (1H, d,= 7.5 Hz, H-1ʺ), 4.47 (1H, d,= 1.0 Hz, H-1ʹʹʹ), 3.76 (1H, dd,= 11.0, 1.0 Hz, H-6ʺb), 3.59 (1H, m, H-2ʹʹʹ), 3.50 (1H, dd,= 9.5, 3.0 Hz, H-3ʹʹʹ), 1.08 (3H, d,= 6.5 Hz, H-6ʹʹʹ);13C-NMR (125 MHz, methanol-4): 179.4 (C-4), 166.1 (C-7), 163.0 (C-5), 159.3 (C-9), 158.5 (C-2), 149.8 (C-4ʹ), 145.8 (C-3ʹ), 135.6 (C-3), 123.5 (C-6ʹ), 123.1 (C-1ʹ), 117.7 (C-2ʹ), 116.0 (C-5ʹ), 105.7 (C-10), 104.7 (C-1ʺ), 102.4 (C-1ʹʹʹ), 99.9 (C-6), 94.8 (C-8), 78.1 (C-3ʺ), 77.2 (C-5ʺ), 75.7 (C-2ʺ), 73.9 (C-4ʹʹʹ), 72.2 (C-3ʹʹʹ), 72.1 (C-2ʹʹʹ), 71.4 (C-4ʺ), 69.7 (C-5ʹʹʹ), 68.5 (C-6ʺ), 17.9 (C-6ʹʹʹ)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[11],故鉴定化合物6为槲皮素-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)- β--吡喃葡萄糖苷。
化合物7:黄色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 611 [M+H]+,分子式为C27H30O16;1H-NMR (500 MHz, methanol-4): 7.66 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-2ʹ), 7.53 (1H, dd,= 8.5, 2.0 Hz, H-6ʹ), 6.82 (1H, d,= 8.5 Hz, H-5ʹ), 6.31 (1H, s, H-8), 6.10 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-6), 5.72 (1H, d,= 7.5 Hz, H-1ʺ), 5.16 (1H, d,= 1.0 Hz, H-1ʹʹʹ), 0.87 (3H, d,= 6.5 Hz, H-6ʹʹʹ);13C-NMR (125 MHz, methanol-4): 179.4 (C-4), 165.7 (C-7), 163.1 (C-5), 158.3 (C-9), 158.1 (C-2), 149.6 (C-4ʹ), 145.9 (C-3ʹ), 134.6 (C-3), 123.3 (C-6ʹ), 123.0 (C-1ʹ), 117.3 (C-2ʹ), 116.1 (C-5ʹ), 105.9 (C-10), 102.6 (C-1ʹʹʹ), 100.8 (C-1ʺ), 99.6 (C-6), 94.4 (C-8), 77.5 (C-3ʺ), 77.1 (C-5ʺ), 75.7 (C-2ʺ), 74.0 (C-4ʹʹʹ), 72.4 (C-3ʹʹʹ), 72.3 (C-2ʹʹʹ), 70.9 (C-5ʹʹʹ), 69.8 (C-4ʺ), 62.0 (C-6ʺ), 17.3 (C-6ʹʹʹ)。以上数据与文献报道的基本一致[12],故鉴定化合物7为槲皮素-3--β--吡喃葡萄糖基-7--α--吡喃鼠李糖苷。
化合物8:黄色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 595 [M+H]+,分子式为C27H30O15;1H-NMR (500 MHz, methanol-4): 8.03 (2H, d,= 8.5 Hz, H-2ʹ, 6ʹ), 6.84 (2H, d,= 8.5 Hz, H-3ʹ, 5ʹ), 6.33 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-8), 6.12 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-6), 5.67 (1H, d,= 7.5 Hz, H-1ʺ), 5.16 (1H, d,= 1.0 Hz, H-1ʹʹʹ), 3.97 (1H, m, H-5ʹʹʹ), 3.94 (1H, m, H-2ʹʹʹ), 3.90 (1H, dd,= 9.5, 7.5 Hz, H-3ʹʹʹ), 3.78 (1H, m, H-6ʺa), 3.72 (1H, dd,= 9.5, 3.0 Hz, H-3ʺ), 3.66 (1H, dd,= 9.5, 3.0 Hz, H-2ʺ), 3.59 (1H, m, H-4ʺ), 3.54 (1H, m, H-5ʺ), 3.45 (1H, t,= 6.0 Hz, H-4ʹʹʹ), 3.29 (1H, m, H-6ʺb), 0.88 (1H, d,= 6.5 Hz, H-6ʹʹʹ);13C-NMR (125 MHz, methanol-4): 179.5 (C-4), 165.6 (C-7), 163.2 (C-5), 161.3 (C-4ʹ), 158.4 (C-9), 158.4 (C-2), 134.4 (C-3), 132.2 (C-2ʹ, 6ʹ), 123.0 (C-1ʹ), 116.1 (C-3ʹ, 5ʹ), 105.9 (C-10), 102.6 (C-1ʹʹʹ), 100.6 (C-1ʺ), 99.6 (C-6), 94.5 (C-8), 79.6 (C-2ʺ), 77.0 (C-3ʺ), 75.8 (C-5ʺ), 74.0 (C-4ʹʹʹ), 72.4 (C-2ʹʹʹ), 72.3 (C-3ʹʹʹ), 70.8 (C-4ʺ), 69.8 (C-5ʹʹʹ), 62.2 (C-6ʺ), 17.2 (C-6ʹʹʹ)。以上数据与文献报道的基本一致[13],故鉴定化合物8为山柰酚-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β--吡喃葡萄糖苷。
化合物9:黄色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 595 [M+H]+,分子式为C27H30O15;1H-NMR (500 MHz, methanol-4): 8.01 (2H, d,= 8.5 Hz, H-2ʹ, 6ʹ), 6.85 (2H, d,= 8.5 Hz, H-3ʹ, 5ʹ), 6.34 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-8), 6.14 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-6), 5.71 (1H, d,= 7.5 Hz, H-1ʺ), 5.18 (1H, d,= 1.0 Hz, H-1ʹʹʹ), 0.90 (1H, d,= 6.5 Hz, H-6ʹʹʹ);13C-NMR (125 MHz, methanol-4): 179.4 (C-4), 165.6 (C-7), 163.2 (C-5), 161.3 (C-4ʹ), 158.5 (C-9), 158.4 (C-2), 134.4 (C-3), 132.1 (C-2ʹ, 6ʹ), 123.1 (C-1ʹ), 116.1 (C-3ʹ, 5ʹ), 106.0 (C-10), 102.6 (C-1ʹʹʹ), 100.2 (C-1ʺ), 99.7 (C-6), 94.5 (C-8), 80.1 (C-4ʺ), 78.9 (C-5ʺ), 78.4 (C-3ʺ), 74.0 (C-4ʹʹʹ), 72.4 (C-2ʹʹʹ), 72.3 (C-3ʹʹʹ), 71.8 (C-2ʺ), 69.9 (C-5ʹʹʹ), 62.6 (C-6ʺ), 17.5 (C-6ʹʹʹ)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[14],故鉴定化合物9为山柰酚-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-β--吡喃葡萄糖苷。
化合物10:黄色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 495 [M+H]+,分子式为C22H22O13;1H-NMR (500 MHz, methanol-4): 7.87 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-2ʹ), 7.64 (1H, dd,= 8.5, 2.0 Hz, H-6ʹ), 6.84 (1H, d,= 8.5 Hz, H-5ʹ), 6.20 (1H, s, H-6), 5.16 (1H, d,= 7.5 Hz, H-1ʺ), 3.86 (3H, s, -OCH3), 4.17 (1H, m, H-6ʺb), 3.78 (1H, m, H-6ʺa), 3.40~3.75 (5H, m, sugar-H);13C-NMR (125 MHz, methanol-4): 178.4 (C-4), 164.7 (C-7), 158.6 (C-2), 158.0 (C-5), 150.3 (C-9), 148.5 (C-4ʹ), 145.9 (C-3ʹ), 135.7 (C-3), 129.1 (C-8), 123.0 (C-6ʹ), 122.9 (C-1ʹ), 117.7 (C-5ʹ), 116.2 (C-2ʹ), 105.3 (C-10), 100.1 (C-1ʺ), 97.5 (C-6), 77.2 (C-3ʺ), 75.1 (C-5ʺ), 73.2 (C-2ʺ), 70.0 (C-4ʺ), 62.0 (-OCH3), 61.9 (C-6ʺ)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[15],故鉴定化合物10为8-甲氧基槲皮素-3--β-吡喃葡萄糖苷。
化合物11:黄色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 773 [M+H]+,分子式为C33H40O21;1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-6): 12.67 (1H, s, 5-OH), 7.61 (1H, dd,= 8.5, 2.0 Hz, H-6ʹ), 7.56 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-2ʹ), 6.85 (1H, d,= 8.5 Hz, H-5ʹ), 6.76 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-8), 6.43 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-6), 5.66 (1H, d,= 7.5 Hz, H-1ʺ), 5.09 (2H, m, H-1ʹʹʹ, 1ʺʺ), 0.76 (1H, d,= 6.5 Hz, H-6ʹʹʹ);13C-NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-6): 177.5 (C-4), 162.8 (C-7), 160.9 (C-5), 156.9 (C-2), 156.0 (C-9), 148.6 (C-4ʹ), 144.9 (C-3ʹ), 133.2 (C-3), 121.8 (C-6ʹ), 121.1 (C-1ʹ), 116.3 (C-5ʹ), 115.1 (C-2ʹ), 105.7 (C-10), 100.5 (C-1ʹʹʹ), 99.7 (C-1ʺʺ), 99.4 (C-6), 98.3 (C-1ʺ), 94.3 (C-8), 77.7 (C-3ʺʺ), 77.4 (C-5ʺʺ), 77.2 (C-5ʺ), 77.2 (C-2ʺ), 76.4 (C-3ʺ), 73.1 (C-2ʺʺ), 71.9 (C-4ʹʹʹ), 70.7 (C-2ʹʹʹ), 70.6 (C-3ʹʹʹ), 70.3 (C-4ʺʺ), 69.6 (C-5ʹʹʹ), 68.3 (C-4ʺ), 61.0 (C-6ʺʺ), 60.6 (C-6ʺ), 17.3 (C-6ʹʹʹ)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[16],故鉴定化合物11为槲皮素-3--α--吡喃鼠李糖基- (1→2)-β--吡喃半乳糖基-7--β--吡喃葡萄糖苷。
化合物12:黄色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 361 [M+H]+,分子式为C18H6O8;1H-NMR (500 MHz, methanol-4): 7.22 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-2ʹ), 7.18 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-6ʹ), 6.98 (1H, s, H-3), 6.30 (1H, s, H-6), 3.89 (3H, s, 5ʹ-OCH3), 3.96 (3H, s, 4ʹ-OCH3), 3.77 (3H, s, 8-OCH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, methanol-4): 181.8 (C-4), 162.8 (C-2), 156.9 (C-7), 155.9 (C-5), 153.4 (C-5ʹ), 150.6 (C-3ʹ), 149.6 (C-9), 139.7 (C-4ʹ), 127.6 (C-8), 125.9 (C-1ʹ), 107.3 (C-3), 104.6 (C-6ʹ), 103.6 (C-10), 102.3 (C-2ʹ), 98.9 (C-6), 61.2 (8-OCH3), 60.1 (4ʹ-OCH3), 56.1 (5ʹ-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[17],故鉴定化合物12为5,7,3ʹ-三羟基-8,4ʹ,5ʹ-三甲氧基黄酮。
化合物13:黄色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 477 [M+H]+,分子式为C22H20O12;1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-6): 7.23 (1H, dd,= 8.5, 2.0 Hz, H-6ʹ), 7.11 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-2ʹ), 6.76 (1H, d,= 8.5 Hz, H-5ʹ), 6.83 (1H, s, H-3), 6.76 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-8), 6.66 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-6), 4.99 (1H, d,= 7.5 Hz, H-1ʺ), 3.30~4.10 (4H, overlapped, H-2ʺ~5ʺ), 3.54 (3H, s, -OCH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-6): 182.0 (C-4), 169.2 (C-6ʺ), 164.2 (C-2), 162.5 (C-7), 161.2 (C-5), 157.0 (C-9), 151.3 (C-4ʹ), 146.8 (C-3ʹ), 122.9 (C-1ʹ), 118.9 (C-6ʹ), 113.1 (C-2ʹ), 112.2 (C-5ʹ), 105.6 (C-10), 103.9 (C-3), 99.4 (C-1ʺ), 99.1 (C-6), 94.6 (C-8), 75.4 (C-5ʺ), 75.2 (C-3ʺ), 72.7 (C-2ʺ), 71.3 (C-4ʺ), 55.8 (-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[18],故鉴定化合物13为木犀草素-7--葡萄糖醛酸苷-6ʹʹ-甲酯。
化合物14:黄色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 463 [M+H]+,分子式为C21H18O12;1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-6): 7.43 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-2ʹ), 7.41 (1H, dd,= 8.5, 2.0 Hz, H-6ʹ), 6.88 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-5ʹ), 6.77 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-8), 6.72 (1H, s, H-3), 6.42 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-6), 5.11 (1H, d,= 7.5 Hz, H-1ʺ), 3.70 (1H, d,= 10.0 Hz, H-3ʺ), 3.14 (1H, overlapped, H-2ʺ), 3.30 (1H, overlapped, H-4ʺ), 3.35 (1H, overlapped, H-5ʺ);13C-NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-6): 181.9 (C-4), 172.4 (C-6ʺ), 164.5 (C-2), 162.9 (C-7), 161.0 (C-5), 157.0 (C-9), 150.2 (C-4ʹ), 145.9 (C-3ʹ), 121.2 (C-1ʹ), 119.1 (C-6ʹ), 116.1 (C-5ʹ), 113.5 (C-2ʹ), 105.3 (C-10), 103.7 (C-3), 99.6 (C-1ʺ), 99.5 (C-6), 94.5 (C-8), 76.3 (C-3ʺ), 74.2 (C-5ʺ), 72.9 (C-2ʺ), 71.9 (C-4ʺ)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[19],故鉴定化合物14为木犀草素-7--葡萄糖醛酸苷。
化合物15:黄色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 301 [M+H]+,分子式为C16H12O6;1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-6): 7.57 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-2ʹ), 7.56 (1H, dd,= 8.5, 2.0 Hz, H-6ʹ), 6.93 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-5ʹ), 6.91 (1H, s, H-3), 6.51 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-8), 6.19 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-6), 3.89 (3H, s, -OCH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-6): 181.8 (C-4), 164.2 (C-7), 163.7 (C-2), 161.4 (C-5), 157.3 (C-9), 150.7 (C-3ʹ), 148.0 (C-4ʹ), 121.5 (C-6ʹ), 120.4 (C-1ʹ), 115.8 (C-5ʹ), 110.2 (C-2ʹ), 103.7 (C-3), 103.2 (C-10), 98.8 (C-6), 94.1 (C-8), 56.0 (-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[20],故鉴定化合物15为金圣草黄素。
利益冲突 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
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Flavonoids chemical constituents from
YUAN Xiang1, 2, LI Zhen-yuan1, MEI Li-juan2, ZHANG Pei-cheng1
1. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China 2. Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
To investigate the chemical constitutes from.The compounds were isolated and purified by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including HP-20 macroporous resin, ODS MPLC, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data and comparing the spectral data reported in literature.Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified from the ethanol extract ofand their structures were elucidated as isoorientin (1), hyperoside (2), quercetin-3--β--glucopyranoside (3′→O-3′′′)quercetin-3--β-- galactopyranoside (3), 3'--methylquercetin-3--α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β--glucopyranoside (4)、isorhamnetin-3--α-- rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β--glycopyranoside (5), quercetin-3--α--rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β--glucopyranoside (6), quercetin- 3--β--glucopyranoside-7--α--rhamnopyranoside (7), kaempferol 3--α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β--glucopyranoside (8), kaempferol 3--α--rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)-β--glucopyranoside (9), 8-methoxyquercetin 3--β-glucoside (10), quercetin-3--α--rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β--galactopyranoside-7--β--glucopyranoside (11), 5,7,3ʹ-trihydroxy-8,4ʹ,5ʹ-trimethoxyflavone (12), luteolin-7--glucuronide-6''-methyl ester (13), luteolin-7--glucuronide (14) and chrysoeriol (15).All compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.
(Hance) Keng.; flavonoids; isoorientin; hyperoside; luteolin-7--glucuronide; chrysoeriol
R284.1
A
0253 - 2670(2021)04 - 0937 - 06
10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2021.04.005
2020-09-15
“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(2018ZX09711001-001);国家自然科学基金项目(81773588);博士后科学基金项目(2019M650579);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(2016-I2M-1-010)
苑 祥,主要从事天然产物化学成分研究。E-mail: yuanxiang@imm.ac.cn。
张培成,研究员,主要从事天然产物化学成分研究。Tel/Fax: (010)63165231 E-mail: pczhang@imm.ac.cn。
[责任编辑 王文倩]