ABSTRACTS

The Valuable Experience and Great Significance of China’s Poverty Alleviation（4）

Zhang Yuanxin1，Dong Xiaofeng2

（1.Shanghai Jiaotong University，Shanghai 200240；2.Shanghai Communications Polytechnic，Shanghai 200431）

Abstract：Since the new era，the Communist Party of China has led the people to fight against the deep poverty areas in China. After eight years of hard work，we have completely won the battle against poverty and eliminated absolute poverty. At the same time，we have accumulated a lot of valuable experience. It mainly includes：adhering to the party’s centralized and unified leadership in poverty alleviation；persisting in giving full play to the great advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics；persisting in the basic strategy of“targeted poverty alleviation and targeted poverty eradication”；persisting in the mechanism system of poverty alleviation and poverty eradication with Chinese characteristics；persisting in the cohesion of a wide range of actors and a strong poverty alleviation force；persisting in stimulating the endogenous power of the masses to get rid of poverty and become rich；persisting in the development style as the basic path of poverty alleviation. These experiences not only enrich and develop the Marxist theory of poverty governance，but also show the tenet consciousness，governance ability of the contemporary Chinese Communists and the superiority of socialism with Chinese characteristics. They also provide reference for China to further solve the relative poverty and provide Chinese wisdom for global poverty governance.

Key words：poverty alleviation；valuable experience；precision poverty alleviation；precision poverty eradication；property governance

Research on Labor Standard Transplant Based on Screening Effect（11）

Li Xianxiang

（Global Institute for Zhejiang Merchants Development，Zhejiang University of Technology，Hangzhou 310023）

Abstract：More Chinese manufacturing enterprises are embedded in the international division of labor in global value chains through labor certification，and the screening effect presents different characteristics and mechanisms between certified and non-certified companies.Based on the high-quality development background of Chinese trade system，this paper theoretically explores the mechanism of screening effect of Chinese enterprise labor standards. The study finds that information asymmetry makes more labor certification companies need to over-invest in the“screening”effect of labor standards，and such label screening can meet certain conditions before mixing from lower standards to separating equilibrium；Market mechanism makes it possible for certified and non-certified companies with different screening requirements to reach the endogenous screening equilibrium of the company's labor standards in the competitive equilibrium.Labor standards certification will produce production effect within certain period of time through the positive feedback mechanism of internal related rules and continuous improvement. The final net income depends on the comprehensive effect of time discounting，production run-in and other screening costs and further production efficiency improvement.

Key words：labor standard；screening effect；production effect；the information transmission speed of real reflection

Regional Comparative Study on the Spillover Effects of Railway Infrastructure——Evidence from China’s Provincial Panel Data（21）

Fang Ling1，Wang Baoxi2

（1.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Beijing 100732；2.TheRailway Purchasing and Logistics Magazine，Beijing 100036）

Abstract：Railway investment and passenger and cargo transportation not only directly affect regional economic development，but also bring indirect spillover effects.Based on the panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 1997 to 2017，this paper validates the spillover relationship between railway infrastructure capital and regional economic growth by constructing panel models with fixed effects and variable coefficients and using SUR，GLS，FGLS and other estimation methods. And empirically comparative analysis of the differences in the spillover effects of regional railway infrastructure in China.The research shows that the degree of railway spillover between provinces is quite different. From the regional perspective，it basically shows the pattern of East China＞North China＞Central South＞South China＞Northeast＞Southwest＞Northwest，among which Beijing，Shanghai，Jiangsu，Zhejiang，Shandong，Shaanxi，Guizhou have strong spillover effects and are highly correlated with urban agglomerations. From the perspective of railway influence mechanism，it mainly changes railway construction and transportation through basic variables such as railway network density，urban agglomeration location difference，transportation structure，railway passenger and freight structure，so as to transmit to provincial and regional economy，causing differences. It recommends that relying on urban agglomerations，improving the layout of regional road networks and rationally configuring the internal and external structures of railways，the railway supply can be improved efficiency.

Key words：railway；spillover effect；difference comparison；SUR estimation；conduction mechanism

An Analysis of the Conception and the Institution of Value Judgment in Judicial Reasoning（31）

Zhang Qi

（Law School，Peking University，Beijing 100871）

Abstract：Judicial reasoning value judgment refers to the judge’s judicial reasoning under the guidance of legal values. The values that guide judges to carry on the legal reasoning are the intrinsic values they are objective by nature. They are the important components of the spirit of the law. The judges needs to accord with these basic values in the judicial reasoning. There are differences and connections between values and the conception of value and values and morality. We should adhere to the principle of value judgment according to law in judicial reasoning. We should adhere to judicial reform and to build and to develop the institutional arrangements that are good for judges’ independent value judgment according to law. The public and the legal profession are important actors in the judicial field and have an important influence on the value judgment of judicial reasoning.It is necessary to build a positive interactive relationship between them in order to help judges and courts make judicial reasoning value judgment according to the principle of rule of law.

Key words：judicial reasoning；value judgment；objectivity of value judgment；according to the law；institution

On Value Judgment and Consequence-based Arguments in Judicial Decisions（43）

Lei Lei

（China University of Political Science and Law，Beijing 100088）

Abstract：Adherents of consequentialism try to regard consequence-based arguments as an approach，even the only （both adequate and necessary） effective method to objectify value judgment in judicial decisions. Consequence-based arguments can be divided into two stages，i.e.，prognosis and evaluation of consequence. The reasoning within prognosis of consequence proceeds logically，but there arise problems about unreliability of universal laws，uncertainty of consequences and comparative inferiority of this prognosis method in its application. The necessity of evaluation of consequence leads to the problems about invalidity of reasoning in this procedure，the variety and complexity of standards in evaluation，and problems with the special standard，e.g.，that of welfare economics，itself. Though consequence-based arguments indeed bring about“rational gains”in judicial decisions，they must be combined with extra standards from substantive and procedural dimensions. As a form of arguments，they necessarily presume and make use of value judgments themselves，thus cannot reduce the complexity of value argumentation completely.

Key words：value judgment；consequence-based arguments；prognosis of consequence；evaluation of consequence；welfare economics

On the Dual-dimension Structure of Value Judgment as the Basis of Judgment（54）

Jiang Yongwei

（Law School，Dalian Maritime University，Dalian 116026）

Abstract：The formalistic judicial syllogism cannot properly explain the fundamental positioning of value judgment as a basis for decision in the process of legal reasoning. Value judgment is different from the factual basis and the normative basis，and it is obvious a dual-dimension structure as the judgment basis. In ordinary cases，the judge’s value judgment serves as the“argumentative basis”to provide a more sufficient explanatory reason for the decision. In difficult cases，the judge’s value judgment is used as the“decisive basis”，which provides evidence for rejecting the application of specific rules，and instructs relevant public opinions and legal principles to integrate each other to form an applicable basis of judgment. The recognition criterion of demonstrative basis and decisive basis is the value identification of the judge to the foreseeable judgment. Whether it is used as the argumentative basis or the decisive basis，value judgment must accept the restriction and guidance of the legal system to ensure that the legal reasoning has a certain“formality”.The judge’s value judgments are used to shape more skilled judicial technologists rather than politicians who“free themselves”.

Key words：value judgment；legal reasoning；dual-dimension structure；argumentative basis；decisive basis

Research on the Objectivity of Value Judgment in Judicial Ruling（63）

Gao Yifei

（School of Law，Zhejiang Gongshang University，Hangzhou 310018）

Abstract：“Difficult cases”or“public cases”are more likely to attract public attention and questioning.Normative questioning and legitimacy questioning are more aimed at the judge’s subjective value judgment，and value judgment is more likely to be regarded as the product of arbitrariness. Therefore，objectivity has become a feasible way to an effective defense. Objectivity can be understood from ontology，epistemology and methodology. In addition，the objectivity of value judgment can be regarded as the extension and refinement of the objectivity of law and judgment. Its proposition justification originates from the objectivity of value itself，the objectivity of value facts and the objectivity of common values. The premise lies in the binary bounds and bilevel reasoning of“value judgment-statutory rules ”. On this basis，the author defines the value judgment as a kind of“subjective objectivity”. It contains a double-layer structure：The structure of the first layer is“adjudication under law”，which emphasizes the correspondence between statute law and case facts. The second structure places the“consensus”or“agreement”of the majority as the central focus，thus forming a kind of“public objectivity”.

Key words：value judgment；objectivity；adjudication under law；values

The Connotation and Justice Construction of Urban-rural Spatial Integration（72）

Zhang Yangjin，Deng Guanpeng

（School of Marxism，Hangzhou Dianzi University，Hangzhou 310018）

Abstract：In the sense of space，the fact of urban-rural integration is the appropriate expression of the spatial reproduction of capital，power and social relations，which can highlight the social production and social life with urban and rural people as the center. Based on the fact that urban and rural space has tension in capital，power，social relations and other aspects in reality，urban-rural spatial integration relies on the support of justice，that is，the just goal of promoting the needs of urban and rural people for a better life is the logical starting point and ultimate destination of integration. The justice principle with equality and common as the core is the direction and norm of integration，and the justice structure involving urban and rural space capital，power and social relations is the realization and guidance of integration. The ideal state of urban-rural spatial integration is complementation and mutual construction rather than dependence，monism，rather than dualism. The ultimate goal is to move towards a community of urban and rural life，which requires the guarantee of human and institutional factors and the elimination of the disparity between urban and rural space in terms of capital，power and social relations，so as to create a space of equal and common justice order between urban and rural areas.

Key words：urban and rural space；composition；justice

Risk Society，Second Modernity and NIMBY Conflicts：A Macro-Structural Analysis（81）

Zhang Haizhu

（School of International Affairs and Public Administration，Ocean University of China，Qingdao 266100）

Abstract：In the process of the sitting of technological industrial facilities or engineering projects，worrying about technological risks are important cause of NIMBY conflicts. From the macro perspective of modernization or modernity，the constant occurrence of NIMBY conflicts is an important sign of the development from industrial society to risk society. Scientific rationality，technocracy，“technical-economic”development orientation，and the safety control mechanisms have constituted the structural foundation of industrial modernization. However，this modernity has inherent structural paradoxes，which have led to the“reproduction”and governance dilemma of NIMBY conflicts. While dissolving the structural basis of industrial modernity，the risk society also reveals the possibility of the“second modernity”. Drawing on the“reflexivity”concept emphasized by the“second modernity”theory，NIMBY governance requires“reflexive governance”reform，which takes“risk rationality”as its rational basis，“democratic governance”as its practice mode，and“social cooperation”as its goal.

Key words：modernity；risk society；second modernity；NIMBY conflicts；reflexive governance

The Features of the Internet Platform for Charity Projects and Its Effects in Social Ecology（89）

Lin Ka，Li Bo

（School of Public Affairs，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058）

Abstract：The internet platform system of charity projects developed since 2016 has provided new dynamics for the development of charitable efforts in China，and cultivated new environment for undertaking the philanthropic activities. The studies on the features and operational effects of this platform becomes the fundamental requirement to understand the social environment of philanthropic activities. The research reveals that the influencing factors of the platform operation refers to the control of information flow，thresholds of access，supervision rules and operation process etc. In addition，they produce multiple effects such as：flow effect，fluctuation effect，squeeze effect and virtual effect. The analysis of these features and effects reveals the influence of the growth of online philanthropy on reconstructing the social environment of charitable actions in China，and demonstrates the new directions for the development in Chinese philanthropic.

Key words：online philanthropy；internet platform；social ecology；effect；social policy

Marx，Rawls and Social Justice（95）

Fu Lihong1，Zhang Guoqing2

（1. School of Marxism，2. Department of philosophy，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058）

Abstract：Marx and Rawls have both similarities and differences on the issue of social justice. The similarities are that they regard safeguarding the fundamental interests of proletariat as a starting point to deal with social and economic inequality，and regard optimizing the basic social structure as a primary aim to move social changes. The differences lie in their different views on the basic social system，the ownership of means of production，the basic rights and liberties of citizens，the division of labor and the principle of distributive justice. As a historical materialist，Marx can’t accept Rawls’ theory of social contract and political liberalism，nor can he accept Rawls’ whole scheme of social basic structure and institutional arrangement.To reveal the similarities and differences between Marx’s and Rawls’ justice theories，to analyze the reasons for those differences in the theory of justice，to criticize Rawls’ theory of justice from the Marxist standpoint，and to evaluate the reasonable elements of Rawls’ theory of justice are conducive to the development of contemporary Marxist theory of justice.

Key words：Marx；Rawls；Marxism；liberalism；social justice

Criticism of Critical Theory：Transcendence of Kant’s Religious Theology——Based on Marxist Practice Theory（104）

Zhong Shuai；Yang Siyuan

（Department of Political Science Teaching and Research，Zhejiang Provincial Party School of the CPC，Hangzhou 311121）

Abstract：Kant launched the“Copernican revolution”in the field of religion.On the one hand，he“moralized religion”and“religiousize morality”on the other hand，using pure reason to eliminate religious belief dictatorship，and practical reason to eliminate the mystery and superstition of religion. And his own moral religion has been established.He used“God”as the guiding principle for exploring truth，as the moral“necessary principle”for pursuing“the highest good”，and as a practical guide to realize the ideal of“moral man”.Religion became an important pivotal concept in his entire critical philosophical system，which embodies Kant’s compromise. Marxism has carried forward the spiritual core of Kant’s humanism，and solved the contradiction between man and nature，the contradiction between spirit and reality through the historical materialist concept of practice，revealed the inevitable trend of the demise of religion，and realized a thorough and comprehensive criticism to religion.

Key words：Marxism；Kant；criticism of religion

The Different Understanding on the Relation of Tao and Law Between Yongjia School and Chengzhu School（112）

Wang Yu

（Zhejiang Academy Social Science，Hangzhou 310007）

Abstract：The issue of the relationship between“Tao”and“Law”is an important difference between Yongjia school and Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism. Chen Fuliang’s article on the system of Tang Dynasty positively reveals the different positions of the two schools on the issue of the relationship between“Tao”and“Law”，which has aroused the attention and criticism of Wei Liaoweng，a Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism scholar. This paper takes this article as a case to analyze，and holds that the differences between the two schools on this issue are not only due to the misunderstanding of different stages of“Tao”，but also related to the different meanings of“Tao”.

Key words：Tao；Law；Yongjia school；Zhu xi

On the Protection and Promotion of Zhejiang Dialect Culture（118）

Cao Zhiyun

（College of Humanities，Zhejiang Normal University，Jinhua 321004）

Abstract：Protection and promotion of dialect culture is the new mission of the new era. Both theoretical and practical explorations are urgently needed. Based on the specific condition of Zhejiang dialect，this paper puts forward some preliminary ideas from basic construction of research and application of Zhejiang dialect，rescue and preservation of endangered dialect and local oral culture to development and application of dialect culture products，including 19 tasks in 3 categories in total.

Key words：Zhejiang dialect，dialect culture，language preservation，protection and promotion

New Changes of Poetry and Modern Transformation of Chinese Literature from the Perspective of Yue Culture（125）

Lu Xueli1，Wang Jialiang2

（1. School of Humanities，Shaoxing University，Shaoxing 312000；2.School of Humanities，Zhejiang Normal University，Jinhua 321004）

Abstract：The modern transformation of Chinese literature is most typical in the field of poetry. With the profound accumulation of Yue culture，once a group of new literature writers led by Lu Xun emerged，and a large number of famous poets emerged，such as Xu Zhimo，Ai Qing，Dai Wangshu，who led the trend of Chinese New Poetry. They launched a comprehensive impact on the old poetry and provided an example for the new changes of poetry and the literary transformation. Yue region’s new poetry has made remarkable achievements：it has achieved the construction of new poetics theory through the absorption of the new trend of world literature；it has infused fresh colors of the times，reflecting the rise of aesthetic modernity；in the integration of“tradition and Modernity”and“Chinese and Western art”，it has expanded the deepening path of new poetry creation；in the exploration of multi-dimensional poetic beauty，it has opened a variety of ways to improve the style of new poetry. From the perspective of Yue culture，we can interpret the inevitability，possibility and effective path of modern transformation of Chinese literature.

Key words：new changes in poetry；Yue Culture；literature transformation

The Research on Culture Heritage of the Chinese Grand Canal and Discourse Construction of National Image in the Multiple Tension（133）

Lu Lu，Wu Hao

（College of Humanities and Social Development，Nanjing Agricultural University，Nanjing 210095）

Abstract：There is no necessary connection between the culture heritage about the Chinese GrandCanal and national image. Under the competition among nations for the national image，our country should focus on the cultural symbols from the rich historical resources and construction of national image，to deal with the appearing of fault line in the culture of globalization context and the threat from the Western Word in the discourse of modernity. The Chinese Grand Canal is a massive cultural heritage representing the well traditions of China and owns the genes driving the development of our country，which is appropriate to construct the great national image with the characteristics of gent，connection，and inclusiveness. The cultural heritage of the Chinese Grand Canal was analyzed from the three narrative themes in this paper：establishment of memory filed，dialectics of the diversity and unity as well as discourse construction of both accommodating neterogeny and connecting the world. Meanwhile，the combination of entity space and virtual space in the discourse form is another crucial factor. Based on this，the Chinese Grand Canal could achieve the construction of“charm offensive”national image. During the reconstruction of the national image，there are many connections between the culture heritage of the Chinese Grand Canal and historical imaginations，which becomes the self-images of our nation state’s history. Once the self-image become complete and clear，nation state would own the subjectivity to elaborate self-image and get the powerful voice to construct the national image of our country.

Key words：the Chinese Grand Canal；national image；discourse

Education Informatization from the Perspective of Compulsory Education Equity：Logic Evolution and Realization Path（140）

Shao Yaping

（Law School，Zhejiang University City College，Hangzhou 310015）

Abstract：Whether education informatization is a booster or a disruptor to solve compulsory education equity remains to be determined. Taking the“formal equality”and“substantial equality”as the framework，it is shown that education informatization can help realize the formal equality in the sharing of enrollment opportunities and high-quality digital resources，and help poor students and migrant workers’ children realize the substantial equality，but there are also situations in which formal equality has been hit，the equality gap has been further widened，the subject of equal protection responsibilities has been blurred，and the understanding of equal protection of the right to education has been voided. Under the trend that education must adapt to technological changes，systems and technologies should be integrated to solve compulsory education equity，including：strengthening legal control to realize the due process of educational informatization；improving the precise support mechanism for the weak to reducing the“education gap”effectively；clarifying the equity indicators of compulsory education，improving the compulsory education monitoring system and enriching the supply of educational resources，establishing data sharing and application mechanisms.

Key words：education informatization；equity in compulsory education；formal equality；substantive equality

Artificial Intelligence’s Historical Debate，Risk Consideration and Future Prediction——Take the Influence on Education as Key Point（148）

Wan Pengjun

（Centre for Educational Management and Policy Studies，Ningbo University，Ningbo 315211）

Abstract：Artificial Intelligence is not only a technological innovation but also triggers great changes in human life and society. The paper Analyses AI’s historical debates and evolutional phases，discusses AI’s possible danger and risk including legal personality，governance security，labor value as well as ethics privacy. Focusing on AI’s influence to education and probing into its positive function and potential dangers，we find AI is instrumental in encouraging personalized learners and customized learning style. Meanwhile，it’s conducive to man-machine coordination and swarm intelligence. However，AI may lead to crisis in humanities and social sciences so much as to the education system，effect on teacher’s occupation，regional equity and cultural value. Above the whole，we should consider AI rationally and carefully. We’d better expand the frontier as well as hold the bottom line.

Key words：artificial intelligence；social risk；technology governance；education development