生命蒸汽桑拿馆——2019 火人节装置芬兰赫尔辛基市

设计单位: 芬兰JKMM建筑师事务所

合作设计：Sauna on Fire

项目状况: 2019年竣工

Design: JKMM Architects

Cooperative design: Sauna on Fire

Building status: Completed in 2019

圆形的生命蒸汽桑拿馆由赫尔辛基的JKMM建筑事务所和 Sauna on Fire 团队共同设计，建于2019火人节期间，作为一件解构艺术装置来为游客提供一系列桑拿体验。

“Sauna”（桑拿）是唯一被英语引入的芬兰语单词。它大概是芬兰语中描述沙漠炎热状况时，最常使用的对比。在这片拥有550万居民和超过320万个桑拿房的土地上，芬兰人对桑拿房的使用具有深刻的哲学含义，奇怪、直接，日复一日。桑拿的传统起源于芬兰人与大自然、森林、湖泊几个世纪以来一直不变的紧密关系，如今它已在芬兰的社会中根深蒂固。即使在今天，桑拿浴仍然是所有重要生活事件的核心。它象征了友爱、团结和集体社会领域。在社交方面外，桑拿房也是沐浴、排毒的场所，还提供私密空间以精神净化、安宁冥想。桑拿房是让身心共同蜕变的场所。

Sauna on Fire 是一个跨界团队，由艺术家、思想家、学者和火人组成。Marcus Kujala, Hannu Rytky, Päivi Aaltio 和 Samppa Lappalainen 这三位建筑师兼 JKMM 建筑事务所CEO通过与 Sauna on Fire 团队合作，为火人节的独特参与文化作出了贡献。他们共同设计的的“生命蒸汽”木亭体现了芬兰桑拿房的典型物理要素。这是一栋人体尺度下的木建筑，具有极简主义的美学，专注于周围的自然光影，并回应了这个炎热沙漠环境中的重要聚会。

Circle-shaped Steam of Life Pavilion, co-designed by JKMM architects and Sauna on Fire collective, will be built in Burning Man festival to offer the sequenced sauna experience, as a deconstructed art installation.

“Sauna” is the only Finnish word used in the English language and it is probably one of the most common comparisons used in Finland to describe desert hot conditions. In a land of 5,5 million inhabitants and over 3,2 million saunas, the Finns’ approach to the sauna is profoundly philosophical and strangely straightforward and day-to-day. Deeply rooted in Finnish society,the tradition of sauna stems from the Finnish people’s closeness to nature and the country’s forests and lakes and has remained unchanged throughout the centuries. Even today, the sauna is at centre stage of all important events in life. It symbolises camaraderie, solidarity and the collective social domain. In addition to these social aspects, the sauna is a place for bathing and detoxing as well as private spiritual purging and peaceful meditation. A place of both physical and spiritual metamorphosis.

Marcus Kujala, Hannu Rytky, Päivi Aaltio and Samppa Lappalainen, three architects and the CEO of JKMM Architects will contribute to the unique participatory culture of Burning Man by joining the Sauna on Fire -collective, an interdisciplinery group of artists, thinkers, scholars and Burners with an ambition and curiosity for co-creation, volunteerism, positive spirit and inclusion of participants with diverse backgrounds;-by introducing the essence of Finnish mindscape in the physical form of a sauna pavilion at the Burning Man society in 2019.

©Hannu Rytky

在火人节，一条通道引导游客在圆形桑拿馆中游览。游客从严酷的沙漠光中进入建筑，穿过昏暗的通道，走向蒸汽房，芬兰桑拿房的中心。这里设置有长木凳和 “kiuas” 炉。享受过桑拿浴，参观者进入一个光线柔和的空间，通向桑拿馆的中庭院落。虽然没有湖泊、海洋或大雪来舒缓身心，中庭院子提供了一片阴凉的绿洲，可以让游客沉静下来，冥想放松。就像芬兰的桑拿房一样，生命蒸汽桑拿馆将以同样永恒、难忘的方式捕捉人们共同的理想。

JKMM 的 Samppa Lappalainen 描述这个过程时说道，“ 我们付出了巨大的努力，使桑拿馆能够实际打包、运输，并最终在现场建造。这也是我们试图减少建筑组件数的原因。我们基本上使用了两种尺寸的胶合板，三种长度的木条，整个桑拿馆可以被收纳进半个集装箱内。”

“Steam of Life”, the co-created timber pavilion, embodies the typical physical elements of a Finnish sauna. It is a human scale wooden building, minimalistic in its aesthetic and focused on embracing ambient natural light and shade, in response to what will be a major gathering within a hot desert environment. A passageway will guide visitors to circulate through the round shaped sauna pavilion. Stepping in from the harsh desert light, visitors enter a low-lit passage that leads to the steam room, the heart of a Finnish Sauna, with wooden benches and the “kiuas”stove. After enjoying a sauna, visitors will enter a softly-lit space opening onto the atrium yard in the middle of the pavilion. In the absence of a lake, sea or a pile of snow to dip into, the atrium yard offers a shaded oasis for cooling down and meditative relaxing.

Just like saunas in Finland, Steam of Life -pavilion is about capturing the same ideal of a shared sense of humanity in a memorable and timeless way.

©Hannu Rytky

©Hannu Rytky

轴侧图 axonometric view

©Hannu Rytky