廖燕瑜
[摘要] 目的 分析袋鼠式护理在NICU无创CPAP辅助通气患儿中的效果。方法 便利选取2016年3月—2019年3月NICU无创CPAP辅助通气患儿(n=70),根据入院时间分为研究组(n=35)与对照组(n=35)。对照组给予常规护理,研究组行常规护理+袋鼠式护理。对比两种干预方法应用效果、血氧分压、心率、血氧饱和度、家长舒适度、呼吸频率。结果 研究组总有效率(100.00%)高于对照组(68.57%)。干预前,两组患儿呼吸频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预20 min、1 h、2 h后,研究组呼吸频率低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患儿血氧分压分别为(71.41±5.25)、(62.74±6.24)mmHg,心率分别为(150.74±15.02)、(160.87±18.47)次/min,血氧饱和度分别为(96.64±1.32)、(91.42±1.04)%,研究组患儿各项指标参数均优于对照组(t=6.290、2.520、18.380,P<0.05)。结论 袋鼠式护理对NICU无创CPAP辅助通气患儿生命体征稳定有积极作用,提高护理效果、患儿更容易耐受,亟待在临床推广中应用。
[关键词] 袋鼠式护理;NICU;无创CPAP;辅助通气;护理效果
[中图分类号] R473 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2020)10(c)-0151-03
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the effect of kangaroo nursing in NICU non-invasive CPAP-assisted ventilation. Methods The study sample was conveniently selected as NICU non-invasive CPAP-assisted ventilation children(n=70)from March 2016 to March 2019. According to the time of admission, they were divided into study group(n=35) and control group(n=35). The control group was given routine care, and the study group was given routine care + kangaroo care. Compare the application effects of two intervention methods; and blood oxygen partial pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, parental comfort, respiratory rate. Results The total effective rate (100.00%) of the study group was higher than that of the control group(68.57%). Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in respiratory rate between the two groups(P>0.05). After 20 min, 1 h, and 2 h intervention, the respiratory rate of the study group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). The blood oxygen partial pressures of the two groups were (71.41±5.25)mmHg, (62.74±6.24)mmHg,the heart rates are (150.74±15.02)times/min,(160.87±18.47)times/min,the blood oxygen saturation was (96.64±1.32)%,(91.42±1.04)%. All index parameters of children in the study group were higher than those in the control group (t=6.290,2.520,18.380,P<0.05). Conclusion Kangaroo nursing has a positive effect on stabilizing the vital signs of children with NICU non-invasive CPAP-assisted ventilation, improves the nursing effect, and the children are more easily tolerated. It urgently needs to be applied in clinical promotion.
[Key words] Kangaroo nursing; NICU; Non-invasive CPAP; Assisted ventilation; Nursing efficacy
由于患兒各脏器发育不成熟,特别是肺功能发育,表面活性物质不足容易出现肺泡萎缩,引发呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS),病死率较高。CPAP辅助通气作为改善NRDS有效方法可提高存活率,但患儿配合度不高。而常规护理模式强调尽可能减少家长与患儿接触,缺少人文理念,患儿获益少。为此,便利选择该院2016年3月—2019年3月NICU无创CPAP辅助通气患儿实施袋鼠式护理措施,达到了理想效果。袋鼠式指的是胎儿母亲或父亲以类似袋鼠、无尾熊等有袋动物照顾幼儿的形式,将胎儿直立式贴在父母亲胸口,给予他(她)所需的温暖与安全感。通过增加患儿与父母接触机会使其感受到安抚、照顾,特别是经过皮肤接触、语言安慰改善患儿紧张、焦虑情绪,促进母婴感情。袋鼠式护理首先能够维持胎儿体温,新生儿体温调节中枢发育不全,皮下脂肪薄,维持体温的棕色脂肪少,体温调节力弱。而袋鼠式护理通过接触传热量给婴儿,减少体热与水分散失达到维持体温目的。其次,稳定呼吸与心率,胎儿脑干神经元功能发育未成熟,对CO2敏感性差、呼吸肌张力低,可能并发呼吸暂停,心动过缓、血氧饱和度降低。而袋鼠式护理利用母亲心跳、呼吸音对婴儿产生镇静作用,稳定生命体征。该研究选取2016年3月2019年3月该院患儿70例进行研究分析,现报道如下。