张莉华 肖尚月 陈少军
摘要 [目的]系统性探讨辣椒素的潜在靶点及其作用。[方法]以系统药理学方法为手段,首先用不同的计算机靶点预测方法预测辣椒素的潜在靶点,接着用GeneMANIA进行基因富集分析,然后借助DAVID数据库对预测靶蛋白进行基因本体GO富集分析和疾病富集分析,并利用Cytoscape 3.4 软件构建辣椒素潜在的作用网络。[结果]辣椒素可作用于25个潜在靶蛋白;它们的相互作用主要是通过预测、蛋白共表达、物理相关性、共享蛋白域和共定位等表现出来;GO分析有11个条目;疾病富集发现辣椒素与肿瘤、药物超敏、代谢病和炎症等多种疾病密切相关;构建了构建“辣椒素-靶点-疾病”网络。[结论]辣椒素是通过多靶点作用于多种疾病的,该研究为其食用安全性和功能性评价提供了理论依据。
关键词 辣椒素;系统药理学;靶蛋白
中图分类号 R96文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2020)22-0161-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.22.042
Potential Targets of Capsaicin Based on System Pharmacology
ZHANG Li-hua1,XIAO Shang-yue1,CHEN Shao-jun2 (1.Faculty of Food Science,Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315500;2.Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315500)
Abstract [Objective]To investigate the potential targets and their functions of capsaicin.[Method] In this study,firstly,the potential targets of capsaicin were predicted by different computer target prediction methods.Then,for all predicted targets,gene enrichment was analyzed by GeneMANIA,and then the gene ontology (GO) enrichment and disease enrichment were analyzed by DAVID database.At last,the potential action network of capsaicin was constructed by Cytoscape 3.4.[Result]It was found that capsaicin can act on 25 potential target proteins.Their interactions of target proteins were mainly manifested by prediction,co-expression,physical interactions,shared protein domains and co-localization.GO analysis had 11 items.Disease enrichment showed that capsaicin is closely related to various diseases such as tumors,drug hypersensitivity,metabolic diseases and inflammation.[Conclsion]Capsaicin is a multi-targeted agent on a variety of complex diseases,this study provided a theoretical basis for its food safety and functional evaluation.
Key words Capsaicin;System pharmacology;Target protein
基金項目 浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY18H280010);浙江省医药卫生科技计划 (2019KY636);宁波市科技项目(2019C50061);浙江医药高等专科学校资助课题(2019008)。
作者简介 张莉华 (1976—),女,吉林公主岭人,副教授,硕士,从事功能食品开发应用研究。*通信作者,副教授,博士,从事药物生物信息学研究。
收稿日期 2020-04-14
辣椒素是辣椒主要的辛辣成分。它的生理活性广泛,具有抗癌、消炎镇痛以及保护心血管和消化系统等药理作用,同时也有致炎、去神经、致组织坏死,溃疡和致癌等副作用[1-2]。辣椒素通过特异性的辣椒素受体(也称瞬间感受器电位香草酸受体transient receptor potential vanilloid 1,TRPV1)发挥着多种生物学功能[2]。除了公认靶蛋白TRPV1之外,辣椒素还可能作用其他多种靶蛋白发挥多种生物学功能[2]。系统性探讨辣椒素的潜在靶蛋白和作用有助于了解不良反应的发生,也有利于辣椒食用安全性和功能性的研究。
“药食同源”理论源于中医药理念,是我国劳动人民在食物和药物发现过程中总结的智慧结晶,体现了食物在保健和治疗方面的功能[3]。目前国际上方兴未艾的功能食品研究与开发就是这一理念的延伸和应用。而系统药理学是从系统水平研究药物与机体相互作用及其规律和作用机制的一门新兴学科[4]。系统药理学为复杂作用机制的研究提供了新的思路和视角,为辣椒素的食用安全性和功能性的系统性研究提供了科学手段。
天然活性产物与细胞内靶标相互作用,是其发挥作用的基础[13]。采用不同的方法学预测出辣椒素能作用的靶蛋白有25个。除了特异性受体TRPV1,很多潜在靶蛋白的作用是有文献报道支持的。如细胞色素家族,辣椒素能抑制多种细胞色素P450同工酶,如CYP3A4、CYP2C9、CYP1A2、CYP2D6的活性[14]。这支持预测方法SEA和Sepresa的预测结果。又如雌激素受体ER,辣椒素和其类似物可以通过ERα通路激活ER的转录活性[15]。如最新报告辣椒素通过TRPV1上调HDAC2并且损害了小鼠大脑中神经元的发育[16]。这些都说明辣椒素能作用于多个不同的靶蛋白。
疾病富集分析發现辣椒素通过不同的靶点可以作用多种疾病。辣椒素对治疗多种癌症(如肺癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌等)有益,这与许多研究报道相一致[17]。辣椒素还与药物性肝损伤(drug-induced liver injury)、药物过敏(drug hypersensitivity)等密切相关。在CCL4诱导肝损伤模型中,食用辣椒素可以抑制肝纤维化标记物的上调,说明辣椒素对胆汁淤积性肝纤维化有一定保护作用[18]。辣椒素可阻断TGF-β1/Smad信号通路来抑制二甲基亚硝酸胺诱导的大鼠肝纤维化[19]。辣椒素还与代谢疾病相关,如2型糖尿病、高胆固醇血症等[20]。食用辣椒和辣椒素可以减轻体重,对治疗肥胖病有较好的作用[21]。辣椒素可通过mPGES-1/p38-MAPKMK2-COX-2途径缓解神经炎症相关疾病[22]。在大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注模型中,辣椒素可以抑制星状胶质细胞和小胶质细胞中CXCL10/CXCR3和NF-κB通路,促进内源性生长抑素释放来发挥神经保护作用[23]。这些都说明辣椒素可通过多靶点,TRPV1-依赖性途径或TRPV1-非依赖性途径作用于多种疾病[2]。
该研究通过靶点预测、基因富集分析和网络构建等方法对辣椒素的潜在作用靶点进行探讨。对“辣椒素-靶点-疾病”网络分析发现,辣椒素可作用于多个靶点,并可以作用于多种疾病,展示其多靶点和多个环节调节疾病网络的特点,为辣椒食用安全性和功能性系统性评价提供了理论依据。
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