鲁长业
(许昌市建安区职业中等专业学校,河南 许昌 461100)
英语作为一门交流语言,是由一个个鲜活的句子构成,而动词是句子的灵魂,没有动词就没有英语这门语言,句子的种类,时态的变化主要体现在动词方面。同学们驾驭了动词也就驾驭了英语,在英语考试中成绩一定不会差。
(一)一般现在时态中,主语是第一人称和第二人称及其复数形式,谓语动词用原型。
We study English at home.
(二)一般现在时态中,主语是第三人称单数形式,谓语动词用其单三形式,动词变单三规则等同于名词变复数。
She watches TV at home on Sunday.
(三)一般过去式态中,谓语动词必须变成其过去式,动词过去式变化规则分为规则变化和不规则变化。
1.规则变化后加ed:watch→watched
2.不规则变化:study→studied,go→went ,stop→stopped
Jim went through the jungle with courage.
(一)系动词:系动词在句子中起到连接主语和表语作用系动词后通常 跟形容词作表语,从而构成主系表结构。系动词分为四种形态:
1.状态:be等在句子中一般无意义,有时译为“是”。
Mary is very beautiful.
His father is a cook.
2.保(保持)态:keep,stay等
All the class keep quiet in class.
3.变(变化)态:become、turn、quite、grow、get、go、come等
It is getting dark.
My dream must come true.
4.感(感觉)态:fell、taste、look、smell、sound 它们中文意义具有共同特点:“…起来”
The piece of music sounds good.
The dishes taste delicious.
(二)实义动词:实义动词又称为行为动词,根据后面能否跟宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。
Mike’s grandpa lives a happy life.
The lady lives in Beijing.
实义动词根据所表动作能否延续分为短暂性动词和延续性动词。
He has practiced playing the piano for ten years.
The old man died twenty years ago.
(三)助动词是帮助动词构成某种时态,语态的词。英语中助动词有三个。
1.be:be+现在分词构成进行时。
be+延续性动词的现在分词表进行,译为“正在…”
We are reading in the classroom.
be+延续性动词的现在分词表将来,译为“就要…”
He is leaving his hometown for Shanghai.
2.have(has):have(has)+过去分词构成现在完成时。
Tom has finished his homework.
had+过去分词构成过去完成时
After he had finish his homework, he went out for a walk.
3.do(does):句中动词是be动词和情态动词之外其他动词时,变一般疑问句,句首加do的适当形式,其后动词用原型,句号变为问号即可。
Did you go to school yesterday?
在强调结构中,如果强调谓语动词,在谓语动词前加上do的适当形式,其后动词用原型。
(四)情态动词:情态动词是表示说话人的神态,语气的动词,没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能单独使用,后面跟动词原形
1.can(could)在肯定句表示能力。
He can speak English f
在否定句中表推测。
She can’t be in now.
在疑问句中标请求。
Can I use your pen?
2.may(might)在肯定句中表示可能性的推测
Kate may finish her lunch.
在否定句中表推测,译为“可能不…”
Students may not play basketball on the playground.
在疑问句中表示请求
May I come in?
含有情态动词may的倒装句表示祝愿性的短语。
May you have a good time.
May as well do sth.译为”不妨…吧”
You may as well give him a hand.
3.must:must+动词原形表示对现在,对将来情况肯定性的推测;must+have done表示对过去情况肯定性的推测; 含must的一般疑问句的肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t;must do sth译为“偏偏做某事。”
He must call you back if he comes home.
You must have forgotten your words.
Must I finish my homework?
Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t.
I have told you about it many times but you must forget it.
动词的基本形式,基本类型掌握好了,也就把握住了英语的精髓。