特殊句式——书面表达的吸睛点

四川绵阳中学 付 利

书面表达中我们除了使用简单句、从句，还应该适时地准确使用特殊句。 在中规中矩的语句中，自然地使用特殊句式，不但会让你书面表达的句式更加丰富，还会让它在众多作品中脱颖而出。

英语中的特殊句式主要包括强调句、省略句、倒装句、反意疑问句和感叹句。 在书面表达中，我们常常使用的是强调句、省略句、倒装句和感叹句。 这个专题也主要是对这四种句型进行探究、讲解和练习。 同时，这部分也包括do、did、does 加动词原形的强调。

Step 1 句法唤醒

1. （2020·全国乙卷）So touched was Ithat I was determined to spare no effort to study hard.（so引导的倒装句）

我是如此感动，并下定决心努力学习。

2. （2020·全国甲卷）It is through this activity that I have realized how important teamwork is.（强调句）

正是通过这个活动我才认识到团队协作是多么重要。

3. （2019·江苏卷）It's just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. （强调句）

正是这所谓的不方便，展示了有着几千年历史的中国文化的丰富、精美和极大的魅力。

4. （2016·全国丙卷）If convenient for you, let's meet at 8：30 outside the school gate. （if引导的省略句）

如果你方便的话，我们就8：30在校门口碰面。

5. （2017·全国甲卷）Not only will our school's paper-cutting be displayed, but we will also have some valuable sets of paper-cutting works created by famous artists. （not only引导的倒装句）

我们不仅会展示我们学校的剪纸作品，还会展出几套珍贵的由著名艺术家创作的剪纸作品。

6. （2018·全国甲卷）As expected,it will not only arouse the pride of all the students in our school,but also serve as a motivation for everyone to study hard. （as引导的省略句）

正如所料，它不仅可以激发所有学生对学校的自豪之情，还会成为学生努力学习的动力。

7. （2018·全国乙卷）I do havea few suggestions for you. （do强调动词）

我的确有些建议给你。

8. （2018·全国乙卷）Last but not least,while chewing, you need to avoid making noises. （while引导的省略句）

最后但同样重要的是，在咀嚼的时候，你要避免嚼出声音来。

9. （2019·全国甲卷）Only whenwe improve our skills and build up our strengthcan we ensure the victory. （only引导的倒装句）

只有当我们提高技艺、增强力量时，我们才能确保胜利。

10. （2016·江苏卷）In short, Internet voting, to some extent, is unfair,if not immoraland cannot be trusted. （if 引导的省略句）

简言之，网络投票，在某种程度上，如果不是不道德的话，至少是不公平的，也是不可信的。

11. （2013·陕西卷）Tired as I was, I never felt so happy. （as引导的倒装句）

虽然我很疲倦，但是我感到前所未有的高兴。

12. （2013·重庆卷）If possible, how I hope you can help us by funding our project aimed at protecting finless porpoises. （if引导的省略句）

如果可能的话，我多么希望你能资助我们旨在保护江豚的项目。

13. （2014·陕西卷）As scheduled, we have English Talent Show today. （as引导的省略句）

根据安排，我们今天有一个英语达人秀。

Step 2 句法提点

一、强调句

（一）句型“It is/was + 被强调的部分+ that（强调人时也可以用who）...”可以对动词以外的任何成分进行强调。强调动词用“do/does/did + 动词原形”。强调句有陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。

一般疑问句：Is/Was it + 被强调部分+ that（强调人的时候可以用who）...?

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ is/was it + that...?

强调句的判断依据是，去掉It is/was...that/who以后，句子意思依然完整，结构基本完整。

e.g. Steven碰巧在电影院碰到他的朋友Jacob。

二、省略句

（一）在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中，当主句主语和从句主语一致，而且从句中带有be动词时，可以省略从句主语和be动词。 这种省略情况主要出现在when、while、if、unless、even if、as、than、as if、once、whenever, 以及wherever引导的从句中。

1.When（she was）very young, she began to learn to play the piano.

2.While（I was）at college, I got to know him.

3. Send the goods nowif（they are）ready.

4. You should stay where you are,unless（you are）askedto leave.

5.If（I am）not invited, I won't go to his lecture.

6.While（I am）talking to him, I'm always weighing my words.

7. The kids are always told to be carefulwhile（they are）crossing the road.

8.Once（they were）published, the books were sold out at once.

（二）if的其他省略

1. if so、if not省略前面整句话的内容。

（1）It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine,if so, we'd better take it to the garage immediately.

（2）I don't know if he has reported his crime to the police,if not, he will get into more serious trouble.

2. if any省略there be结构和前面出现过的名词；if ever主要省略主语和动词。

（1）Correct the mistakes,if（there are）any（mistakes）, in these sentences.

（2）There are few people nowadays,if（there are）any（people）, who remember him.

（3）He seldom,if（he）ever（did）, breaks his promise.

（三）习惯性省略。 当possible、necessary和if、when、where、whenever、wherever一起出现时，习惯性省略it is。

1. Save waterwhenever（it is）necessary.

2. She learns Englishwherever（it is）possible.

3.If（it is）possible, donate to the people in need.

三、倒装句

倒装分为完全倒装、部分倒装和形式倒装。 倒装是为了强调，或者因为上下文衔接的需要。

（一）完全倒装。 主语和谓语完全交换位置。

1. there be句型：

（1）There is/standsa tower on the top of the mountain.

根据句意，be动词可能有appear、live、exist、lie、remain、seem、stand等。

（2）Long long ago, there lived/was a couple, who lived a poor life.

2. here/there放句首，动词是be、go、come、exist、follow、remain、lie等。

（1）There wentthe last bus.

（2）There goesthe bell for break.

（3）Here you are. （主语是代词不能倒装）

3. out、in、up、down、away等表示运动方向的副词。

Out rushed a boy, with a kite in his hand.

Hearing the dog barking fiercely,away the thief escaped.

4. 表示方位的介词短语放在句首。

（1）In front of the hall sat some professors, who were invited to be judges.

（2）Between the mountainslies a beautiful lakeattracting many tourists every day.

（二）部分倒装。 结构：助动词/情态动词+ 主语+ 主动词。

1. 否定词放在句首。 never、nor、not、hardly、little、seldom、rarely、scarcely，以及带否定意义的介词短语in no case、on no condition、by no means等。

（1）Never before have I seensuch a moving movie.

（2）Little does many foreigners know aboutChinese history but they often criticise what China has done.

（3）Hardly had my father got his salarywhen he mailed it home every month when my grandma was ill.

2. “only + 状语”放句首。 状语可能是单词，可能是介词短语，也可能是句子。

（1）Only when we asked herdid we know about her true ideas.

（2）Only in this waycan we studyin an efficient way.

（3）Only with joint effortscan we take good care of the environment.

“only + 主语”不倒装：

3. 几个固定句型：

（1）某人也如此：so + 助动词+ sb

（2）某人也不：neither/nor + 助动词+ sb

（3）not only...but also...句型中not only部分倒装，but also部分不倒装。

（4）not until + 状语，倒装主句动词

Not until he told me did I know about the truth.

（5）so/such...that...“如此……以至……”

So touching was the story that I was moved to tears.

=Such a touching story was it that I was moved to tears.

四、感叹句

感叹句是对句子的某些部分进行强调。 强调名词用what来引导，强调形容词和副词用how来引导。 however +adj./adv.也可以理解为另一种形式的强调句。

1. What a nice boy he is!

2. How attractive the painting is!

3. However hard the task is, we'll finish it.

Step 3 单句过手

引导的省略句）

Step 4 语篇活用

一、原题再现

假定你是中学生李华， 你因为意外错过了外教Claire今天上午组织的口语考试。 现在你写一封邮件给她，表达歉意。 邮件内容包括：

1. 诚恳致歉；

2. 解释意外经过；

3. 补救方法。

注意：

1. 可以适当增添细节，以使行文连贯；

2. 词数100左右。

二、根据中文提示，运用特殊句式完成下面这封信。

Dear Claire,

I am writing to make a sincere apology to you for missing the English oral test this morning.

It happened as a result of an accident. This morning, I was knocked down by a motorbike on my way to school and I was sent to the nearest hospital. So I missed all the classes, the oral test included.

Actually, 1._______________（你的课程如此有趣） that I've developed a deep love of speaking English. 2.________________（是你的鼓励和引导让我取得了令人满意的进步）. 3.________________（虽然安排我们今天测试）, I have made early preparations for it. 4.________________（如果可能的话）, would you please give me a chance to make it up? 5.________________（如果这样的话）, I will be grateful for that.

I'm so sorry to cause inconvenience for your work and looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Li Hua