黑增杰 万阳 叶正山
摘要: 在构建全球能源互联电网的过程中,UHVDC主要用于高电压、大容量、远距离的直流输工程。换流阀冷却设备是UHVDC中重要核心设备,使用电导率<0.1 μS/cm的超纯水冷却介质,介质流体管道采用304L或316L奥氏体不锈钢材质,针对设备特殊工况要求和母材材质特点,经过深入调研及试验,优化并推广应用了一种零间隙混合气体保护脉冲TIG。该工艺采用零间隙组对装配,焊件装配效率同比提升150%,采用3%H2 + 97%Ar低比例混合气体保护,在焊接热输入下降10%的条件下,焊接效率同比提升50%,采用低频异步脉冲控制焊缝成形,一次焊接质量合格率达到98.6%以上。该工艺极大的缩短了焊接准备时间,提高了焊接加工效率,经实际推广验证,取得了良好的经济效益和社會效益。
关键词: UHVDC特高压直流输电换流阀冷却设备; 不锈钢流体管道; 零间隙; 混合气体保护脉冲TIG
中图分类号: TG 444
Abstract: In the process of building global energy interconnection power grid, UHVDC is mainly used for high-voltage, large-capacity, long-distance DC transmission projects.Converter valve cooling equipment is an important core of UHVDC equipment, use electrical conductivity < 0.1 μS/cm ultrapure water cooling medium, medium fluid pipeline in 304L or 316L austenitic stainless steel material, according to the characteristics of the special working condition of equipment requirements and the base material, after in-depth research and experiment, the optimization and application of a kind of mixed gas pulse TIG zero clearance.Zero-gap group assembly is adopted in this process, and the assembly efficiency of welding pieces is increased by 150% year on year, and 3%H2 + 97%Ar low proportion mixed gas protection is adopted. Under the condition that the welding line energy decreases by 10%, the welding efficiency is increased by 50% year on year. Low frequency asynchronous pulse is used to control the welding seam forming, and the qualification rate of primary welding quality reaches above 98.6%.This process greatly reduces the welding preparation time and improves the welding processing efficiency, and has achieved good economic and social benefits through practical promotion and verification.
Key words: UHVDC converter valve cooling equipment; stainless steel fluid line; zero clearance welding; mixed gas protection pulse TIG0 前言
在国家(特)高压直流输电工程(UHVDC)中,换流阀冷却装置是重要核心设备。该设备本体制作大量采用304L或316L奥氏体不锈钢管道为介质输送载体,其管道焊接标准按照GB 50235—2010《工业金属管道施工规范》执行,对接类焊缝要求单面焊双面成形,内外成形良好,X射线无损检测合格。基于工艺成熟度和工艺清洁性考虑,选择TIG(钨极氩弧焊)焊接方法。现阶段传统工艺需开V形坡口,组对预留2~3 mm间隙,工艺流程复杂,效率较低,而且质量也不稳定,已不能满足现代化企业高效生产的目的。通过深入调研现有工艺,开发了一种混合气体保护脉冲TIG工艺,参考NB/T 47014—2011《承压设备焊接工艺评定》标准进行了系统性焊接工艺评定[1]。针对(特)高压直流输电工程不锈钢流体管道对接焊,总结出了以下更为先进的Ar+H2混合气焊接工艺。新工艺组对时不留间隙,焊接效率更高,质量更稳定。经实际测算,焊件装配效率同比提升150%,焊接效率同比提升50%,一次焊接质量合格率达到98.6%以上。对于年产15套阀冷的生产能力的企业,可带来约230万/年的综合性效益。
1 现状分析
1.1 (特)高压直流输电阀冷系统简介
随着社会经济发展、电力能源需求日益增加及能源资源与用电需求分布不均衡,远距离、大规模输电成为优化电力资源配置的必经之路。直流输电系统是构成坚强电网骨干网架和进行电力大规模远距离传输的重要方式。其中换流阀是(特)高压直流输电设备的重要设备,是交直流电换流的核心作用部件。换流阀均配置全自动热能内外冷却系统,现阶段换流阀内冷系统如图1所示,外冷系统如图2所示,其设备本体大量采用不锈钢管道。