黄久祥
感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号,读时应该用降调。
感叹句的基本句型
1. What+(a / an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!如:
What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊!
What an interesting story it is! (这是个)多么有趣的故事啊!
有时也可以省略其中的形容词或名词。如下列情况:
(1) 当其中的名词带有形容词意味时:
What luck! 真幸运!
What fools! 真是些笨蛋!
(2) 当进行批评时:
What a mess! 多么脏乱啊!
What nonsense! 一派胡言!
(3) 当表示强调或夸张时:
What a lie! 多大的谎言!
What a night! 多糟糕的一个晚上!
在感叹句中,What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词,当名词前面的形容词以元音音素开头时,要用 an;what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词,如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等,当前面有形容词修饰,抽象名词变得具体化时,则要用 what a / an,如:
What a heavy rain it is!多么大的一場雨啊!
What a delicious breakfast it is! 多么美味的一顿早餐啊!
2. How+形容词 / 副词+主语+谓语!如:
How cute the girl is! 这个女孩多么可爱啊!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊!
how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句,但动词不提前。如:
How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成为一名医生啊!
How she dances!她跳得多好啊!
感叹句有时可用“how+主语+动词”构成,此时how直接用于修饰动词。如:
How I missed you!我多么想念你啊!
How you've grown! 你都长这么大啦!
修饰名词的形容词如果是表示数量的many, much, little, few时,疑问词要用how,即使它们后面跟有名词。如:
How little money I have! 我的钱多么少呀!
How few friends he has! 他的朋友真少!
注意:有时句中的主语和谓语可以省略。如:
How fast! 多快呀!
How nice! 多好呀!
【小试牛刀】
1. ______ carefully the boy does his homework!
A. How B. How an
C. What D. What an
2. ______ well you sing but ______ badly he dances!
A. How; how B. What; what
C. How; what D. What; how
3. ______ cheap these clothes are! I'd like to buy some for my son.
A. How an B. How
C. What D. What an
4. ______ fools they were! They believed what the girls said.
A. How B. How an
C. What D. What an
5. ______ difficult questions they are! I can't answer them.
A. How B. How an
C. What D. What an