赵霞
剑桥大学的官网上,有一份长长的校内图书馆名录,按馆名首字母排列,共有140家。
这140家图书馆分布在剑桥全市各处,分别隶属剑桥大学的各个学院、系、学科、研究所、实验室等,向校内师生开放。
其中最著名的,当然是剑桥大学图书馆。该馆始建于15世纪初,最初的藏书主要来自捐赠。1709年,英国颁布版权法后,要求凡本国出版的图书,均需将一册样本送呈该馆,馆藏量由此激增。图书馆目前的主址在剑桥市中心西面,由英国建筑师贾尔斯·吉尔伯特·司各特设计,其标志性的塔楼耸立于主馆之上,老远就能望见。
我日常去得最多的,是教育系和霍莫顿学院的两座图书馆。教育系的办公楼玛丽·艾伦楼,进门右首就是教育系图书馆的入口,馆内设有儿童文学作品和理论资料的专架。
一
说来也巧,我到系里报到的第一天,坐在专供师生茶歇的咖啡角,还没有见到中心的同事,就先结识了教育系的图书馆员海瑟。她怀着孕,临盆在即,正坐在靠窗的沙发上,吃自己带的水果点心。我们坐着聊了一会儿,起身离开时,她高兴地说,图书馆见。
随后,我才与儿童文学研究中心的同事乔·桑德斯接上了头。
乔领着我,先把教育系的玛丽·艾伦楼走了一遍。这是一幢小巧的3层楼房,面积不大,空间利用得格外好。我们沿着略显狭窄的金属楼梯下行时,乔把图书馆的位置指给我看,说,这个地方,你一定会常来的。
开始工作的第一天,我把背包和外衣往辦公室一放,就去了系图书馆。这是一座小型图书馆,空间并不宽敞。书架尽头,沿着落地大窗而设的一长排书桌也是窄窄的,把椅子拉开时,总觉得随时会碰到书架。但坐在桌前,光线充足,抬头可见玻璃窗外的大草坪,一地碧色。我向工作台的馆员问起海瑟,原来她已经回家待产了。
儿童文学研究中心是教育系的特色,图书馆馆藏十分丰富。
此外设有儿童文学专架的便是霍莫顿学院图书馆。教育系学生日常的食宿就归霍莫顿学院管。学院的门房在教育系隔壁的唐纳德·麦金泰尔楼,进门右首,就是图书馆的入口。此馆共有3层,儿童文学专架立在三楼,占了满满一面南向的墙壁。这里的空间比系图书馆宽敞,各层书架间围成多个U形,隔出相对独立的空间。摆在中央的桌椅,顿时有了某种私人书房的奢侈感。后来,每每办公室嘈杂的时候,我就跑到这里来工作。
图书馆对面就是霍莫顿学院的餐厅,供应简单而美味的欧式餐食。这是一座古老的哥特式建筑,高耸宽大的穹顶,一溜到底的餐桌,还有尽头的彩绘琉璃窗子泻下的一点光亮,让人想到电影《哈利·波特》里的霍格沃茨魔法学校。午间从图书馆出来,沿着碧绿的草坪直走到学院餐厅吃中饭,再慢步踱回到图书馆工作,也是一件惬意的事。
二
当然会有系、院图书馆找不到的资料,比如我感兴趣的18世纪英国作家莎拉·特里默编写的《教育卫士》杂志,出版于19世纪初,只收藏在学校图书馆。其实我每次从住处去学院,都会经过图书馆的侧门。那是一条绿树掩映的小路,拐弯处不远,就是那扇双合的铁门。平日里,有半扇门总是开着,望进去,图书馆的塔楼就在几十米开外。
不久后,我就从这扇侧门第一次进入剑桥大学图书馆。从宽大的石梯拾级而上,进了旋转门,就是底楼的前台。这里的空间窄小逼仄,与剑桥大学图书馆的盛名似乎不相匹配。然而,等我存了包,刷了卡,进了门,沿着矮矮的步梯走上一楼,望着左中右3个方向延伸而去的幽深长廊,一时却不知该往哪里走才好。
好在身后就是问询处的大桌子。顺着工作人员的指点,我踏上了左向的长廊。走在廊上,左首是高大的书架,右首是古式的石窗,旧纸墨的气息扑面而来,顿时有种跌进历史的错觉。左右拐弯之后,找到了工作人员所说的电梯。这是一部老式电梯,得把最外面的一重门手动拉开,才能进去。电梯内仅能容二三人,狭窄幽闭,运行时发出“咯吱咯吱”的响声。到了目的楼层,还得拉开外层的门方能出来。
然而走出来,找了一圈,并未发现藏书室的入口,四周也无人。我只好硬着头皮,再找一找,终于在一条细窄过道的尽头,发现一扇小门,上写着South Wing,正是我要找的南翼藏书室。
推门进去,便是一排排高大密实的书架。室内空无一人,书架之间因为空间逼仄,光线也格外昏暗。走到中央,阴影里实在难以看清,我便把手机的灯光打开,沿着一道道书脊仔细搜寻。架子上的图书密而齐整,静立无言。手机的灯光每扫过一排书脊,我便会忍不住想,如果一本书也有个性,此刻,它是充满了被阅读的渴望,还是安于一种平静的孤独?
藏书室的另一头,沿着窗户,照例是一排长长的书桌。我坐到桌前,慢慢翻看找到的文献。室内没有别人,书页翻动的声音窸窣可闻,窗外望见的是对面的古老石墙和屋檐,感觉时间过得很快,又很慢。
来得多了,渐渐了解更多。由主阅览室通往西面的阅览厅,可供办理部分图书的约取业务。往工作台的预约卡上填写图书信息,半个小时左右,就可到后方的专架上取阅。还有一部分书籍收藏在离剑桥城不远的伊利市储藏馆,需先在图书馆网上预约,等书送到,再至阅览室登记取用。凡1900年前出版的图书,都需预约到珍本阅览室阅览,不能借出。
我预约了《教育卫士》杂志,3天后在系统上查到了可以阅看的消息,立即兴冲冲赶往珍本阅览室。馆员查验证件后,将两册合订本小心地交给我。每册图书均套着一个粉色护封,写着珍本馆藏、不得借阅等字样。
翻阅此书,需先在底下衬上厚而软的枕垫,以防磨损。室内的阅览桌上,各摆着两三个阅览架子,架上搁着枕垫,形如张开的两翼。打开的图书轻轻地放在枕垫上,如托着的婴儿一般。我手上的这两册书,分别印刷于1802年、1803年,迄今已历经200多年,除纸张质地显薄,印制之清晰美观,不输今天的许多图书。只是纸页间若干泛黄的旧渍不时提醒我,这已是200多年前的思想和文字。
三
在剑桥大学功能强大的iDiscover系统查阅资料,你会发现,童书研究的馆藏虽以教育系、霍莫顿学院和学校图书馆为主,其分布却十分广泛。常能看见有些资料收藏在国王学院图书馆、圣约翰图书馆、邱吉尔学院图书馆、英语系图书馆、女王学院图书馆、基督学院图书馆等地。你会惊讶,这些书籍当初是如何进入这些图书馆的馆藏,背后又有些什么样的故事。
19世纪至20世纪英国文学史家哈维·达顿著名的开拓性史作《英格兰童书史》,在校内多家图书馆都有收藏,但仅有的4种首版图书,既不在教育系或霍莫顿学院的图书馆,也不在学校图书馆,而是分别收在国王学院、圣约翰学院、格顿学院和英语系的图书馆。我是去距离住处最近的格顿学院图书馆借阅的此书。
格顿学院建院于19世纪,主区在剑桥北的亨廷顿路上,是隐在林间花园的一座古建筑,红砖墙,白窗格,宁静端雅。整个院区如一座巨大的四合院,从钟楼下的大拱门走进去,是一大片露天的花园,走廊过道尽藏在四围的楼体内。
我向门房问了路,从拱门右面的入口进去。谁知长廊纵深曲折,一重门连着一重门,不一会儿就在里面迷路了,浑不知身之所在。这样转来转去,忽在一扇阖着的门外看见了图书馆的标识。推门进去,前台的工作人员起身相迎。交谈几句后,我才知道,遵照剑桥大学各图书馆的惯例,馆际借阅需要提前预约。她帮我叫来了另一位馆员,后者安排我稍坐,她去帮忙索寻文献,如果找得着,便可免得我空跑一趟。结果不到两分钟,她就把1932年版的《英格兰童书史》放在了我眼前。
我没有想到,这是一册哈维·达顿本人的签名图书。
翻开来,扉页上方贴着的一小方纸笺说明,此书是H.I.麦克莫兰小姐所赠,下方则是达顿的一段草书题字并签名,写于1932年9月。此时达顿年已54岁。1936年7月,也就是此书出版4年后,他在多切斯特郡医院去世。麦克莫兰小姐何许人也?是达顿相赠此书的友人,还是另受他人所托?达顿的题字并未写明赠书的对象。为了辨认清楚那段文字,我与前台的馆员一起倚着书桌,一词一句裁断良久,也只识出五成。
我把扉页拍了照带回,以便继续琢磨。几天后的某一刻,忽然灵光乍现,意识到它可能是《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》的一段引文。一对照,果然不错。
这是“疯帽子的茶会”一节,三月兔对爱丽丝说的一番荒唐话。它先责备爱丽丝说话不够率直:“你怎么想,就该怎么讲。”爱丽丝回答:“我怎么讲,我就怎么想。这是一样的。”三月兔十分不满:“照你这么讲,说‘凡我吃的东西我都看见,就等于说‘凡我看见的东西我都吃,说‘凡我喜欢的东西我都要,就等于说‘凡我要的东西我都喜欢?”
这段话,颠来倒去,极其啰嗦,看似荒诞无稽,又在颠来倒去中自成逻辑,这正是《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》的典型趣味。
達顿对卡洛尔的这部作品赞誉有加,在《英格兰童书史》里首次给予它英语儿童文学史里程碑的地位,并且影响了其后半个多世纪欧洲儿童文学史述判断的基本立场。他会在扉页题字中断章摘引此节,很在情理之中。只是亲眼见到这段手写的文字,它的飞扬的笔迹,涂抹的标点,仿佛近百年前那份批评的激赏与热情,从未冷却。
我常在图书馆门口与乔偶遇,算起来,比我们在课堂和研讨会相遇的频率还高。学院和系图书馆不用说了,几次去学校图书馆,居然每次必见。我笑说,今后要找你的话,到图书馆去就行了。他也笑答,那是最好的遇见了。
我猜想,这大概是剑桥学者的一种日常吧。近些年来,剑桥大学图书馆资料的电子化程度越来越高,凭校园帐号,许多书刊都能在网上获取电子版本。这为教学研究提供了极大的便利。但或许只有走进一座图书馆,才能最充分地体验与一本图书相遇的快乐。在这里,包围着你的是历经时间抚摩的旧纸张的气息,微黄的书页,磨损的边缘,偶尔渗出的墨迹,某个读者不经意间留下的笔痕,默默讲述着与读书有关的那些久远、艰辛而浪漫的故事。你会感到,书本的意义不只在于它为我们书写、记录和传递的信息,它还以一切生动的、可触摸的痕迹,向我们证实着语言、思想和人的历史的延展、细节与温度。
有一天,我们会不会怀念一座哪怕普普通通的图书馆?
The libraries are one of many things I find very impressive at Cambridge University, UK. Right now, I am a visiting scholar at Cambridge University, UK.
The website of Cambridge University alphabetically lists 140 libraries of the university, located over all the city of Cambridge. These libraries are operated and maintained respectively by the university, departments, colleges, institutes, and laboratories. The best known of them all is the Cambridge University Library (UL) set up in the early 15th century. The books in early years of the library were essentially from donors and supporters. Thanks to the copyright law adopted in 1709, the library expanded its collections exponentially as publishers in UK were obliged to send a copy of every publication to the library. This system is called legal deposit. The present-day landmark library was designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott and completed in 1934.
The libraries at Faculty of Education and Homerton College are the ones I frequent. My major interest is in childrens literature. On the first day I was supposed to report to the department, I ran into a librarian at the coffee corner of Mary Allan Building. I chatted gladly with her for a while. Then a colleague at the Center for Research in Childrens Literature at Cambridge took me around the three-storied Mary Allan building inside which the library is located. The library has a special collection of childrens literature.
After the brief induction tour, I went to the library. I asked for the librarian I had met and learned that she had gone home to rest in prevention of miscarriage. The library of the Faculty of Education is located at Donald McIntyre Building. The three floors of the building are a dedicated space for the library. The childrens literature collection occupies a full floor. The bookshelves are arranged along the wall facing the south.
If the two libraries at Education and Homerton College dont have material I want, I visit Cambridge University Library, which isnt far from the house where I stay. In fact, I pass a side gate of the UL every time I go to Homerton College. The gate is always half open and I can see the library building about several dozen meters away.
I remember my first visit to UL as if it happened yesterday. The reception of the library appeared quite small. I thought that the small space mismatched the reputation of the library I had read about and had been deeply impressed. I walked up a staircase and came to the first floor. I saw three long corridors that stretched ahead. I hesitated. Fortunately, I saw the information desk nearby. I was directed to take the corridor on the left. The corridor itself was very impressive. On the left were tall bookshelves and on the right were stone windows in a style suggesting ancient times. I detected the smell of paper and ink of the past. After several turns I found the small elevator. It was an antique piece. I pulled the door open and stepped into the car. It was so small that it could only carry two or three persons. It squeaked up laboriously. I pulled the door open and stepped out to my target floor. I was the only one on the floor. The corridors were like a labyrinth. I walked around and failed to find the library room I wanted. I searched again and at the end of a corridor I found a small door with South Wing marked on it. Inside, there were rows of tall bookshelves. The light was dim. I could hardly read the titles on book spines. In the flashlight of my cell phone I searched the bookshelves one by one. There was a long row of desks along the windows. I sat there reading and it was so quiet there I could hear the sound of pages when I turned them slowly.
The libraries at Faculty of Education and Homerton College give me the biggest help with my research and study. However, other locations such as Kings College, St Johns College, Girton College, and Faculty of English also have special books on childrens literature. Many books are non-borrowable material and I need to book a visit before I can view any of them in the main reading room or other special collection reading room. I often check iDiscovery, a book searching system of Cambridge University that gives me accurate information on books and locations.