前列地尔治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床效果

2020-09-01 10:41张奇芬杨明敏熊燕周海星余英
中国当代医药 2020年19期
关键词:尿素氮尿微量白蛋白肌酐

张奇芬 杨明敏 熊燕 周海星 余英

[摘要]目的 探討前列地尔注射液对治疗早期糖尿病肾病微量白蛋白尿的临床效果。方法 选取2016年6月~2019年6月我院收治的180例早期糖尿病肾病患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为治疗组(90例)与对照组(90例)。两组患者均给予常规治疗,对照组采用常规治疗的基础上口服黄葵胶囊;治疗组在对照组基础上采用静脉注射前列地尔注射液治疗,两组患者疗程均为4周。比较两组患者治疗后的治疗总有效率,比较两组患者治疗前后的血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及24 h尿微量白蛋白(mAlb),比较两组患者治疗后的不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗组患者的治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组患者治疗后的mAlb、BUN、SCr、HbA1c均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组患者治疗后的mAlb、BUN、SCr、HbA1c均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 前列地尔联合黄葵胶囊治疗早期糖尿病肾病效果显著,能有效降低患者的24 h mAlb水平,延缓肾功能损伤,适于临床应用。

[关键词]糖尿病肾病;前列地尔;黄葵胶囊;尿微量白蛋白;肌酐;尿素氮

[中图分类号] R587.2          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-4721(2020)7(a)-0088-04

Clinical effect of Alprostadil on the treatment of early diabetic nephropathy

ZHANG Qi-fen1   YANG Ming-min2▲   XIONG Yan1   ZHOU Hai-xing1   YU Ying1

1. The First Department of Internal Medicine, Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of TCM, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang   330006, China; 2. Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchang First Hospital, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang   330008, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Alprostadil Injection on microalbuminuria in early diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods A total of 180 patients with early DN admitted to our hospital from June 2016 to June 2019 were selected as subjects, and divided into the treatment group (90 cases) and the control group (90 cases) according to the random number table. Patients in both groups were given conventional treatment. The control group was given oral Huangkui Capsules on the basis of conventional treatment. The treatment group was treated with intravenous Alprostadil Injection on the basis of the control group. The therapeutic course was 4 weeks in the two groups of patients. The total treatment efficiency of the two groups of patients after treatment was compared. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and 24 h microalbumin (mAlb) were compared before and after treatment between the two groups. The incidence of adverse reactions after treatment between the two groups was compared. Results The total effective rate of treatment group was higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The mAlb, BUN, SCr and HbA1c after treatment in the treatment group were lower than those before treatment, while mAlb, BUN, SCr and HbA1c after treatment in treatment group were lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in adverse reactions of two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Alprostadil combined with Huangkui Capsule for the treatment of patients with early DN can effectively improve clinical curative effect , decrease 24 h mAlb, delay renal function injury and be suitable for clinical application.

与本组治疗前比较,*P<0.05;与对照组治疗后比较,△P<0.05

2.3两组患者不良反应总发生率的比较

治疗期间,两组患者的不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表3)。

与对照组比较,*P>0.05

3讨论

DN是指由糖尿病所致的慢性肾脏病,我国DN发病率逐年上升,仅次于各种肾小球肾炎,成为慢性肾脏病和终末期肾脏病的主要原因[8]。有统计表明,糖尿病患者10年后的mAlb发生率高达25%[9]。

DN发病机制尚没有明确结论,目前认为主要与肾小球微血管病变、糖脂代谢紊乱、炎症机制及遗传因素等相互作用有关[10]。而早期DN出现mAlb主要与肾小球病变损害、肾小管损伤和间质纤维化密切相关[11]。mAlb是DN早期的临床表现,也是诊断DN的主要依据,循证医学证据表明,针对DN多种危险因素进行综合管理,可有效延缓肾病发展,降低死亡率,减少经济花费[12]。临床治疗早期目标是恢复肾小球滤过屏障的正常结构与功能,可阻止DN肾脏病变[13]。治疗DN主要是控制血糖、血压,限制蛋白、钠盐摄入,同时联合药物进行综合治疗。

前列地尔的有效成分为前列腺素E1,具有很强的舒张血管平滑肌、抑制去甲肾上腺素释放、扩张肾血管作用[14];稳定细胞膜、减轻肾毛细血管损伤;抑制血小板聚集,改善微循环灌注[15];抑制肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的活性,降低外周阻力,减少尿蛋白的滤过,保护肾功能[16]。金洁娜等[17]研究发现,静脉给予前列地尔10 μg,1次/d,持续治疗1个月,可有效改善DN患者的C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6炎症水平,改善BUN、尿白蛋白排泄率、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、SCr清除率,保护肾功能,降低不良反应发生。

我国中医学者认为,DN的病位在于脾肾,糖尿病气阴两虚累及肾脏引起脾肾两虚,造成血脉瘀阻,内停浊毒,治疗需标本兼治,补肾健脾及扶助正气,辅以利尿消肿及活血化瘀等疗法,达到良好的治疗效果[18]。黄葵胶囊的主要成分是从黄蜀葵花中提取的总黄酮,具有清利湿热、解毒消肿的作用。研究显示,黄葵胶囊可通过消除机体炎症状态、减轻肾小管病变、通过降低SCr、BUN含量减轻尿蛋白量,从而改善DN患者的肾脏功能[19-20]。

本研究结果显示,治疗组患者治疗后的24 h mAlb、BUN、SCr、HbA1c低于治疗前,且治疗组治疗后的24 h mAlb、BUN、SCr、HbA1c均低于对照组;治疗组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。提示前列地尔的功效与DN的病机相吻合,同时联合黄葵胶囊治疗DN能明显降低mAlb,改善肾功能,提高治疗效果。由于该研究样本量较少,缺乏多中心临床研究,因此今后需进一步增加样本量,并对远期疗效进行安全性研究。

综上所述,前列地尔联合黄葵胶囊治疗早期DN效果显著,能有效降低患者24 h mAlb水平,延缓肾功能损伤,适于临床应用。

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(收稿日期:2019-10-08)

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