陕西省汉中疗养院住院麻风康复者综合健康状况调查评价

李峰涛

【摘 要】 目的：探讨并评价住院麻风康复者的综合健康状况。方法：调查2016年5月至2017年7月在本院进行治疗的麻风患者100例，让患者填写自测问卷，记录多菌型麻风康复者与少菌型麻风康复者的例数及畸残等级状况，并统计两种菌型麻风康复者的主要畸残部位及各个部位形成的表现。结果：多菌型麻风康复者比少菌型麻风康复者多，且两种菌型康复者的二级畸残率最高（P<0.05）。两种菌型麻风康复者的主要畸残部位为手部、足部与眼部，并且会形成爪型手、足底溃疡、兔眼等表现（P<0.05）。结论：住院的麻风病患者在康复过程中，畸残状况不容乐观，二级畸残率较高，要合理有效地对麻风康复者的综合健康状况进行及时的调查，完善康复的手段，加强对康复者的护理。

【关键词】 住院麻风康复者;综合健康状况;调查评价

Investigation and evaluation of comprehensive health status of leprosy survivors in Hanzhong Sanatorium of Shaanxi province

Li fengtao

Shaanxi Hanzhong Sanatorium， leProsy Prevention and control， Hanzhong，Shaanxi 723000

[Abstract] Objective：To explore and evaluate the comprehensive health status of patients who recovered from leprosy in hospital. Methods： A total of 100 cases of leprosy patients treated in our hospital from May 2016 to July 2017 were investigated. Patients were asked to fill in a self-test questionnaire， and the cases and teratodisability grades of the patients who recovered from bacterial leprosy and the patients who recovered from less bacterial leprosy were recorded， and the main teratodefects and the formation of various parts of the two types of bacterial leprosy were counted. Results： There were more patients who were cured of leprosy with more bacteria than those who were cured of leprosy with less bacteria， and the rate of secondary teratodisability was the highest （P<0.05）. The main deformed parts of the patients who recovered from the two types of leprosy were hands， feet and eyes， and the manifestations of claw hand， foot ulcer and rabbit eyes were also formed （P<0.05）. Conclusion： In the rehabilitation process of hospitalized leprosy patients， the teratological disability status is not optimistic， the rate of secondary teratological disability is high， it is necessary to reasonably and effectively carry out a timely investigation of the comprehensive health status of leprosy patients， improve the means of rehabilitation， and strengthen the nursing of the patients.

[Key words]Hospitalized lepers; Comprehensive health status; Investigation and evaluation

麻風病是由麻风杆菌引起的一种慢性传染病，它是由遗传、环境等多种内外在因素共同导致的，通过抑制人体细胞免疫导致发病，主要侵犯皮肤黏膜、周围神经干以及内脏器官，早期主要表现为感觉障碍，再发展表现为周围神经感觉麻木等，严重的还会导致手部、足部或眼部残疾。最近几年来，对麻风患者进行有效的康复在临床领域得到较大的关注度[1]。伴随着人民生活水平、医疗水平的进步和麻风康复活动的开展，对麻风患者的康复取得了有效的进展，使麻风患者的综合健康状况得到了显著的改善。本文作者选择2016年5月至2017年7月在本院进行治疗的麻风患者100例，对麻风康复者的综合健康状况进行探究与分析，报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

调查2016年5月至2017年7月在本院进行治疗的麻风患者100例，让所选患者填写身体状况自测问卷，其中多菌型麻风康复者70例，年龄48～61岁，平均年龄（55.23±6.45）岁。少菌型麻风康复者30例，年龄49～63岁，平均年龄（56.16±9.57）岁。患者均知情并同意本研究，一般资料具有可比性（P>0.05）。