吴虑
[摘要]目的 探討中药周期疗法对轻、中度宫腔粘连患者中医证候及宫腔粘连程度的影响。方法 选取2017年3月~2019年3月我院收治的100例轻、中度宫腔粘连患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组(50例)和观察组(50例)。对照组患者采用西药治疗,观察组患者在此基础上联合采用中药周期疗法,两组均治疗3个月经周期。比较两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后中医证候及宫腔粘连程度积分。结果 观察组患者的治疗总有效率(94.00%)高于对照组(80.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的中医证候积分均低于治疗前,且观察组的中医证候积分[(12.54±4.23)分]低于对照组[(23.67±6.95)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的宫腔粘连程度积分均低于治疗前,且观察组的宫腔粘连程度积分[(1.46±0.62)分]低于对照组[(2.23±0.93)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对轻、中度宫腔粘连患者采用中药周期疗法有助于改善患者症状,促进其宫腔恢复,疗效高于西药治疗。
[关键词]宫腔粘连;中药周期疗法;中医证候;宫腔粘连程度
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of Chinese medicine cycle therapy on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome and degree of intrauterine adhesion in patients with mild and moderate intrauterine adhesion. Methods A total of 100 patients with mild and moderate intrauterine adhesion admitted to our hospital from March 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into the control group (50 cases) and the observation group (50 cases) according to the random number table method. Patients in the control group were treated with Western medicine, and patients in the observation group were combined with Chinese medicine cycle therapy on that basis. Both groups were treated for 3 menstrual cycles. The clinical efficacy, TCM syndrome and degree of intrauterine adhesion scores before and after treatment were compared between the two groups of patients. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group (94.00%) was higher than that in the control group (80.00%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores in the two groups of patients were lower than those before treatment, and the TCM syndrome score in the observation group ([12.54±4.23] points) was lower than that in the control group ([23.67±6.95] points), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). After treatment, the degree of intrauterine adhesion scores in the two groups of patients were lower than those before treatment, and the degree of intrauterine adhesion score in the observation group ([1.46±0.62] points) was lower than that in the control group ([2.23±0.93] points), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion The use of Chinese medicine cycle therapy for patients with mild and moderate intrauterine adhesion can improve the symptoms and promote the uterine cavity recovery of patients. The curative effect is higher than that of Western medicine.
2.2两组患者治疗前后中医证候积分的比较
治疗前,两组患者的中医证候积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者的中医证候积分均低于治疗前,且观察组的中医证候积分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表2)。
2.3两组患者治疗前后宫腔粘连程度积分的比较
治疗前,两组患者的宫腔粘连程度积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者的宫腔粘连程度积分均低于治疗前,且观察组的宫腔粘连程度积分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表3)。
3讨论
现代医学对宫腔粘连的发病机制尚未完全明确,目前最为认可的有纤维细胞增生活跃学说及神经反射学说,纤维细胞增生活跃学说认为子宫内膜基底层受损可引起纤维细胞溶解酶活性降低,导致纤维结缔组织增生形成瘢痕,抑制子宫内膜修复;神经反射学说认为宫颈口的神经节在宫腔操作后出现持续痉挛,引发粘连,同时可让子宫内膜失去对激素反应[8-9]。
祖国传统中医认为宫腔粘连属于“月经过少”“闭经”“不孕”等范畴,其主要病机是宫腔操作损伤胞宫、胞脉,致使肾气受损,冲任气血,经血化源不足或术后内伤外感,气血失调,凝结成瘀致使冲任瘀阻,是以肾虚为本,血瘀为标之病,故中药治疗的关键在于补肾益气,调和气血,但女性在月经周期中,气血波动较大,使用同一汤剂无法达到预期效果,因此需采用周期疗法[10-12]。
经前期采用健脾益肾活血汤治疗,可滋补肾阴,养血和血。方中熟地黄归肝、肾经,可补精益髓、养血滋阴;山萸肉归肝、肾经,可补益肝肾、收敛固涩;牡丹皮归心、肝、胃经,可活血散瘀;女贞子归肝、肾经,可补益肝肾;当归归肝、心、脾经,可补血活血,调经止痛;党参归脾、肺经,可生津养血、补中益气;仙茅归肾经,可温肾壮阳、祛寒除湿;白术归脾、胃经,可补气健脾、燥湿利水;巴戟天归肾经,可补肾助阳、祛风除湿;菟丝子归肝、肾、脾经,可补阳益阴;续断归肝、肾经,可补肝肾、止崩漏。诸药共用,可达到脾肾共治,活血除湿的功效[13]。
行经期采用逍遥散治疗,可活血止痛,行气调经。方中柴胡归肝、胆经,可疏肝解郁;桂枝归心、肺、膀胱经,可温经通脉;红花归心、肝经,可活血、化瘀、通经;白芍归肝、脾经,可养血调经、柔肝止痛;赤芍歸肝经,可活血化瘀、止痛;桃仁归心、肝、肺、大肠经,可活血祛瘀;香附归肝、三焦经,可调经止痛;益母草归心、肝、膀胱经,可活血化瘀、利水消肿。诸药共用,可活血止痛,行气调经[14]。
经后期采用补肾益血汤治疗,方中紫河车归心、肾经,可补肾益精、益气活血;川芎归肝、胆、心包经,可活血行气,祛风止痛;川牛膝归肝、肾经,可逐瘀通经;泽兰归肝、脾经,可活血祛瘀、利水消肿;淫羊藿归肝、肾经,可补肾壮阳;甘草可调和药性,诸药共用,起到滋补肾阴,调和血气的功效[15]。
本研究结果显示,与对照组比较,观察组的治疗总有效率较高,中医证候积分较低,宫腔粘连程度积分较低(P<0.05),提示中医周期疗法有助于缓解患者症状,改善宫腔形态,促进患者转归。但本研究因纳入样本量较少,随访时间较短,存在一定的局限性,为进一步证实结果的真实性,临床需纳入大样本量研究。
综上所述,对轻、中度宫腔粘连患者采用中药周期疗法有助于改善患者症状,促进其宫腔恢复,疗效高于西药治疗。
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(收稿日期:2019-08-28 本文编辑:任秀兰)