孙咏红 张野 王宇
[摘要]目的 观察肠易激综合征(IBS)患者血浆和结肠黏膜5-羟色胺(5-HT)及5-HT2B受体的表达情况,并探讨5-HT及5-HT2B受体在IBS发病机制中的作用。方法 选取2016年1月~2017年5月于大连市友谊医院消化内科确诊的48例腹泻型IBS(IBS-D)及便秘型IBS(IBS-C)患者,其中IBS-D患者26例(IBS-D组),IBS-C患者22例(IBS-C组);另选取28例同期行结肠癌或结肠息肉筛查且结肠镜检查结果阴性者作为对照组。应用腹部症状评分量表对受试者进行评分,采用ELISA法检测受试者的血浆5-HT及5-HT2B受体浓度。结肠镜下获取升结肠处结肠黏膜标本,采用逆转录PCR检测5-HT mRNA及5-HT2B受体mRNA的表达水平,并分析血浆5-HT及5-HT2B受体水平与腹部症状评分的相关性。结果 IBS-D及IBS-C组患者的腹部症状评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IBS-D及IBS-C组患者的血浆5-HT及5-HT2B受体浓度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IBS-D及IBS-C组患者结肠黏膜组织5-HT及5-HT2B受體mRNA表达量高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman分析结果显示,IBS-D和IBS-C组患者血浆5-HT的表达量与腹部症状评分成正相关(r=0.82、0.79,P<0.05);IBS-D和IBS-C组患者血浆5-HT2B受体的表达量与腹部症状评分成正相关(r=0.78、0.76,P<0.05);对照组血浆5-HT及5-HT2B受体的表达量与腹部症状评分无相关性(P>0.05)。结论 5-HT及5-HT2B在IBS患者中显著升高,且血浆5-HT及5-HT2B与IBS患者的腹部症状评分成正相关,提示5-HT及5-HT2B受体可能参与了IBS患者腹痛的发生。
[关键词]肠易激综合征;5-羟色胺;5-羟色胺2B受体;结肠组织;腹痛
[Abstract] Objective To observe the changes of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-HT2B receptor in the patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). And to explore the role of 5-HT and 5-HT2B receptor in the pathogenesis of IBS. Methods From January 2016 to may 2017, 48 patients with diarrhea type IBS (IBS-D) and constipation type IBS (IBS-C) were selected from the Department of Gastroenterology, Dalian Friendship Hospital, including 26 cases of IBS-D patients (IBS-D group), 22 cases of IBS-C patients (IBS-C group). In addition, those undergoing colonoscopy for polyps or cancer surveillance with negative results were included in the control group (28 cases). The abdominal symptom scale was used to score the subjects, and the Plasma 5-HT and 5-HT2B receptor concentrations were detected by ELISA. Specimens were obtained from the ascending colon during the colonoscopy, and the expression level of 5-HT mRNA and 5-HT2B receptor mRNA in colonic mucosa were detected by reverse transcription PCR. The relationship between 5-HT and 5-HT2B receptor levels and abdominal symptoms were calculated. Results The scores of abdominal symptoms in IBS-D and IBS-C groups were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The plasma concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HT2B receptor in IBS-D and IBS-C groups were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of 5-HT and 5-HT2B receptor mRNA in colonic mucosa of IBS-D and IBS-C group were higher than those of control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Spearman analysis showed that the expression of plasma 5-HT in IBS-D and IBS-C group were positively correlated with abdominal symptom score (r=0.82, 0.79; P<0.05). The plasma 5-HT2B receptor expression in IBS-D and IBS-C groups were positively correlated with abdominal symptom scores (r=0.78, 0.76; P<0.05). There was no correlation between the expression of 5-HT and 5-HT2B receptor and abdominal symptom score in the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion T5-HT and 5-HT2B are significantly increased in IBS patients, and plasma 5-HT and 5-HT2B are positively correlated with the abdominal symptom score of IBS patients, suggesting that 5-HT and 5-HT2B receptors may be involved in the occurrence of abdominal pain in IBS patients.
[Key words] Irritable bowel syndrome;5-hydroxytryptamine;5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor;Colon tissues; Abdominal pain
肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种以反复发作的腹痛或腹部不适,伴有粪便性状及排便习惯改变为主的慢性功能性肠道疾病[1-2],是消化科的常见病、慢性病,严重影响患者的生活质量。其病因和发病机制尚不清楚,其中,内脏敏感性增高是IBS患者腹痛或腹部不适发生的最主要病因[3-4],也是IBS患者反复就诊的最重要的因素。
5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT),又名血清素,是脑-肠轴中重要的神经递质。哺乳动物体内95%的5-HT来源于胃肠道,大部分外周5-HT受体分布于肠道,5-HT与肠道和肠神经元细胞表面的5-HT受体结合,产生调控肠道运动、感觉和分泌的作用[5-9]。IBS患者血浆中5-HT及其代谢产物表达较正常人显著增高[10-11],但5-HT与IBS患者腹痛的相关性研究,目前鲜有报道。5-HT2B受体广泛分布于外周组织中,5-HT与5-HT2B受体结合可以促进人离体结肠组织的收缩[12]。5-HT2B受体拮抗剂则可以剂量依赖性地降低IBS大鼠的内脏高敏感[13],提示5-HT2B受体可能参与了IBS的内脏高敏感。目前,关于5-HT2B受体在IBS患者血清和结肠黏膜中的表达尚缺少报道。本研究通过检测肠IBS患者血浆和结肠黏膜5-HT及5-HT2B受体的表达情况,探讨其与IBS患者腹痛的相关性,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取2016年1月~2017年5月于大连市友谊医院消化内科确诊的48例腹泻型IBS(IBS-D)及便秘型IBS(IBS-C)患者,其中IBS-D患者26例(IBS-D组),IBS-C患者22例(IBS-C组);另选取28例同期行结肠癌或结肠息肉筛查且结肠镜检查结果阴性者作为对照组。IBS-D组中,男12例,女14例;年龄29~70岁,平均(52.3±10.8)岁。IBS-C组中,男9例,女13例;年龄30~72岁,平均(52.9±10.3)岁。对照组中,男12例,女16例;年龄28~70岁,平均(52.1±11.1)岁。三组的一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究已经医院医学伦理委员会审核批准,所有研究对象均签署知情同意书。
1.2方法
抽取受试者的静脉血,经12 000 r/min,4℃,超速离心10 min,取上清液置于-80°C冰箱内保存;采用ELISA试剂盒检测血浆5-HT及5-HT2B受体的浓度;结肠镜检查时各取升结肠黏膜标本2块,置于-80°C冰箱内,采用逆转录PCR检测5-HT及5-HT2B受体mRNA的表达情况。
1.3观察指标及评价标准
记录受试者的腹部症状评分、血浆5-HT及5-HT2B受体浓度、结肠黏膜5-HT及5-HT2B受体的mRNA表达情况。
采用腹部症状评分量表进行腹部症状评分。根据最近2周内受试者腹痛、腹部不适症状对其日常生活的影响,进行量化评分[14]:0分,无任何影响;1分,轻度影响(不影响日常活动);2分,有相应影响(影响了日常活动);3分,严重影响(显著影响了日常活动);4分,非常严重(对日常活动严重妨碍)。
1.4统计学方法
采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件对数据进行分析,符合正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间两两比较采用t检验,不符合正态分布的转换为正态分布,再行统计学分析;计数资料以率(%)表示,采用χ2检验,相关性采用Spearman等级相关性分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1三组腹部症状评分的比较
IBS-D组患者的腹部症状评分为(2.3±0.8)分,IBS-C组患者的腹部症状评分为(2.2±0.7)分,对照组的腹部症状评分为(0.3±0.2)分。IBS-D及IBS-C组患者的腹部症状评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IBS-D组患者的腹部症状评分与IBS-C组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
2.2三组血浆5-HT及5-HT2B受体浓度的比较
IBS-D及IBS-C组患者的血浆5-HT及5-HT2B受体浓度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IBS-D组患者的血浆5-HT及5-HT2B受体浓度与IBS-C组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
2.3三组结肠黏膜5-HT及5-HT2B受体mRNA表达情况的比较
IBS-D及IBS-C组患者结肠黏膜组织5-HT及5-HT2B受体mRNA表达量高于对照組,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IBS-D组患者的结肠黏膜组织5-HT及5-HT2B受体mRNA表达量与IBS-C组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图1)。
2.4三组腹部症状评分与血浆5-HT及5-HT2B受体水平的相关性分析
Spearman分析结果显示,IBS-D和IBS-C组患者血浆5-HT的表达量与腹部症状评分成正相关(r=0.82、0.79,P<0.05);对照组血浆5-HT的表达量与腹部症状评分无相关性(P>0.05)。IBS-D和IBS-C组患者血浆5-HT2B受体的表达量与腹部症状评分成正相关(r=0.78、0.76,P<0.05);对照组血浆5-HT2B受体的表达量与腹部症状评分无相关性(P>0.05)(表2)。
3讨论
IBS的病因和发病机制仍不清楚,传统观念认为胃肠动力障碍和内脏敏感性增高等是引起IBS发病的关键因素[15-18]。近年来发现了与IBS发病相关的新的病理生理学改变依据,如脑肠轴功能失调、肥大细胞的激活并释放活性物质等[19]。其中,内脏敏感性增高被认为是IBS最主要的病理生理学基础,也是IBS患者腹痛发生的最主要的病理生理学基础[20]。
5-HT作為神经递质,广泛分布在周围组织和中枢神经系统中。大部分5-HT受体分布于肠道,5-HT与肠道的5-HT受体结合,产生调控肠道运动、感觉和分泌的作用。5-HT与5-HT2B受体结合可以发挥收缩结肠的作用,5-HT含量或功能异常可能引起IBS患者的临床症状。IBS患者可出现5-HT含量异常,而5-HT信号系统的异常则可以引起肠道分泌,感觉和运动功能的改变,进而导致IBS临床症状的发生[21]。既往研究报道,IBS-D和IBS-C患者的血浆5-HT水平较健康者显著增高[22],而Sen等[23]的研究显示,IBS-D患者血浆5-HT水平较健康者明显升高,而IBS-C患者血浆5-HT与健康者比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。本研究结果显示,IBS-D及IBS-C组患者的血浆5-HT及5-HT2B受体浓度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与上述研究结果一致。但本研究中,IBS-D患者的血浆5-HT及5-HT2B受体浓度与IBS-C患者比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),可能与研究样本量相对较少有关,后期可扩大样本量进行验证。
通过对血浆5-HT的表达水平与腹部症状评分的相关性进行分析,结果显示,IBS-D和IBS-C组患者血浆5-HT的表达量与腹部症状评分成正相关(r=0.82、0.79,P<0.05);对照组血浆5-HT的表达量与腹部症状评分无相关性(P>0.05),提示5-HT可能参与了IBS腹痛/腹部不适症状的发生。5-HT2B受体在人结肠组织中存在表达,5-HT与5-HT2B受体结合发挥收缩结肠的作用[24]。相关研究显示,RS-127445作为5-HT2B受体拮抗剂,抑制小鼠的肠道蠕动,抑制大鼠的排便,提示5-HT2B受体可能参与了生理状态下结肠的运动,且RS-127445可以降低IBS大鼠的内脏高敏性[26]。该研究提示5-HT2B受体可能参与了IBS内脏高敏感的发生。本研究结果显示,IBS-D和IBS-C组患者血浆5-HT2B受体的表达量与腹部症状评分成正相关(r=0.78、0.76,P<0.05);对照组血浆5-HT2B受体的表达量与腹部症状评分无相关性(P>0.05),提示5-HT2B受体可能参与了IBS腹痛/腹部不适症状的发生。
综上所述,IBS患者不仅存在5-HT的高表达,5-HT2B受体也存在高表达,IBS患者高表达的5-HT可能通过结合5-HT2B受体,参与IBS患者腹痛症状的发生,后期可扩大样本量进一步验证,以期为IBS的发病机制及临床治疗提供新的靶点。
[参考文献]
[1]Wiley JW,Chang L.Functional bowel disorders[J].Gastroenterology,2018,155(10):1-4.
[2]El-Salhy M,Hatlebakk JG,Hausken T.Diet in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS):interaction with gut microbiota and gut hormones[J].Nutrients,2019,11(9):152-161.
[3]Li Y,Yang T,Yao Q,et al.Metformin prevents colonic barrier dysfunction by inhibiting mast cell activation in maternal separation-induced IBS-like rats[J].Neurogastroenterol Motil,2019,31(12):e13556.
[4]Ng QX,Soh A,Loke W,et al.The role of inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)[J].J Inflamm Res,2018,11(9):345-349.
[5]He Q,Li M,Wang X,et al.A simple,efficient and rapid HPLC-UV method for the detection of 5-HT in RIN-14B cell extract and cell culture medium[J].BMC Chem,2019,13(7):76-82.
[6]Ago Y,Tanabe W,Higuchi M,et al.(R)-ketamine induces a greater increase in prefrontal 5-HT release than (S)-ketamine and ketamine metabolites via an AMPA receptor-independent mechanism[J].Int J Neuropsychopharmacol,2019,22(10):665-674.
[7]Chen B,Li J,Xie Y,et al.Cang-ai volatile oil improves depressive-like behaviors and regulates DA and 5-HT metabolism in the brains of CUMS-induced rats[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2019,244(10):112-119.
[8]Cartolano MC,Gancel HN,Lonthair J,et al.Pulsatile urea excretion in Gulf toadfish:the role of circulating serotonin and additional 5-HT receptor subtypes[J].J Comp Physiol B,2019,189(5):537-548.
[9]Sengupta A,Holmes A.A discrete dorsal raphe to basal amygdala 5-HT circuit calibrates aversive memory[J].Neuron,2019,103(10):489-505.
[10]Lin LD,Chang L.Using the rome Ⅳ criteria to help manage the complex IBS patient[J].Am J Gastroenterol,2018,113(8):453-456.
[11]Ng QX,Soh A,Loke W,et al.The role of inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)[J].J Inflamm Res,2018,11(10):345-349.
[12]Borman RA,Tilford NS,Harmer DW,et al.5-HT(2B) receptors play a key role in mediating the excitatory effects of 5-HT in human colon in vitro[J].Br J Pharmacol,2002, 135(8):1144-1151.
[13]Bassil AK,Taylor CM,Bolton VJ,et al.Inhibition of colonic motility and defecation by RS-127445 suggests an involvement of the 5-HT2B receptor in rodent large bowel physiology[J].Br J Pharmacol,2009,158(7):252-258.
[14]Long Y,Huang Z,Deng Y,et al.Prevalence and risk factors for functional bowel disorders in south China:a population based study using the Rome Ⅲ criteria[J].Neurogastroenterol Motil,2017,29(9):173-179.
[15]Schiller LR.Chronic diarrhea evaluation in the elderly:IBS or something else?[J].Curr Gastroenterol Rep,2019,21(2):45-52.
[16]Shakya AK,Naik RR,Almasri IM,et al.Role and function of adenosine and its receptors in inflammation,neuroinflammation,IBS,autoimmune inflammatory disorders,rheu-matoid arthritis and psoriasis[J].Curr Pharm Des,2019,25(26):2875-2891.
[17]Lackner JM,Jaccard J.Cognitive-behavioural therapy for IBS comes home:mapping a route for efficacy and efficiency in the digital age[J].Gut,2019,68(12):1541-1542.
[18]Husein DM,Naim HY.Impaired cell surface expression and digestive function of sucrase-isomaltase gene variants are associated with reduced efficacy of low FODMAPs diet in patients with IBS-D[J].Gut,2019,52(6):1261-1265.
[19]Xiong L,Gong X,Siah KT,et al.Rome foundation asian working team report:real world treatment experience of Asian patients with functional bowel disorders[J].J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2017,32(11):1450-1456.
[20]Camilleri M,Boeckxstaens G.Dietary and pharmacological treatment of abdominal pain in IBS[J].Gut ,2017,66(12):966-974.
[21]Kim JE,Koh EK,Song SH,et al.Effects of five candidate laxatives derived from Liriope platyphylla on the 5-HT receptor signaling pathway in three cell types present in the transverse colon[J].Mol Med Rep,2017,15(8):431-441.
[22]詹丽杏,许国铭,李兆申,等.肠易激综合征患者活动期和缓解期血浆5-HT、5-HIAA的变化[J].第二军医大学学报,2003,24(2):61-65.
[23]Sen F,Pinarbasi B,Issever H,et al.Postprandial platelet-poor plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations during diarrhea and constipation periods of alternatingtype irritable bowel syndrome patients[J].Turk J Gastroenterol,2011, 22(9):270-278.
[24]Borman RA,Tilford NS,Harmer DW,et al.5-HT(2B) receptors play a key role in mediating the excitatory effects of 5-HT in human colon in vitro[J].Br J Pharmacol,2002, 135(10):1144-1151.
[25]O′ Mahony SM,Bulmer DC,Coelho AM,et al.5-HT2B receptors modulate visceral hypersensitivity in a stress-sensitive animal model of brain-gut axis dysfunction[J].Neurogastroenterol Motil,2010,22(5):573-578.
(收稿日期:2019-08-27 本文編辑:闫 佩)