双心护理结合揿针对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者心理痛苦的影响

2020-04-20 10:39侯春艳谭娟张文江
中国医药导报 2020年7期
关键词:双心硬化性痛苦

侯春艳 谭娟 张文江

[摘要] 目的 观察双心护理结合揿针对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者心理痛苦的影响。 方法 选择2017年4月~2019年4月中国中医科学院西苑医院心血管三科住院的存在心理痛苦冠心病患者96例,根据随机数字表法将其分为观察组48例、对照组48例。观察组接受双心护理及揿针疗法,对照组予常规护理。观察两组心理痛苦温度计(DT)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和中医症状评分变化。 结果 干预后两组DT、SAS、SDS评分均低于干预前(均P < 0.05)。观察组DT、SAS、SDS评分低于对照组(P < 0.05)。干预后观察组胸痛、胸闷、胸胁胀满、情绪不宁、急躁易怒,心悸评分均低于干预前(P < 0.05)。对照组胸痛、胸闷、情绪不宁,心悸评分均低于干预前(P < 0.05)。观察组胸闷,胸胁胀满,急躁易怒评分低于对照组(P < 0.05)。 结论 双心护理结合揿针可以减轻冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者心理痛苦,改善患者临床症状。

[关键词] 双心护理;揿针;心理痛苦;冠狀动脉粥样硬化性心脏病;气滞血瘀

[中图分类号] R541.4          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)03(a)-0185-04

[Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of psycho-cardiologic nursing combined with stirrup on psychological distress of patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Methods From April 2017 to April 2019, a total of 96 patients with coronary heart disease with psychological pain were admitted to The Third Department of Cardiovascular Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into observation group 48 cases and control group 48 cases. The observation group received psycho-cardiologic nursing and pressneedle therapy, while the control group received routine nursing. The changes of distress thermometer (DT), anxiety self-rating scale (SAS), depression self-rating scale (SDS) and TCM symptom score were observed. Results After intervention, the scores of DT, SAS and SDS in both groups were lower than before intervention (all P < 0.05). The scores of DT, SAS and SDS in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After intervention, the scores of chest pain, chest tightness, chest side fullness, restless mood, irritability and palpitations in the observation group were all lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). In the control group, chest pain, chest tightness, restless mood and palpitations were all lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). In the observation group, the scores of chest tightness, chest swelling and irritability were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Psycho-cardiologic nursing combined with acupuncture can reduce the psychological pain of patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, improve the clinical symptoms of patients.

[Key words] Psycho-cardiologic nursing; Press needle therapy; Psychological distress; Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease; Qi stagnation and blood stasis

3 讨论

目前,冠心病是公认的双心疾病,焦虑、抑郁、沮丧、敌意等心理因素对冠心病的影响独立于传统危险因素之外[9-11]。在临床工作中,改善患者的心理痛苦可能会提高临床疗效,改善患者生活质量。

心理痛苦指患者不愉快的情感体验,包括害怕、脆弱、焦虑、抑郁、恐慌、孤立感,甚至精神危机等心理障碍。严重干扰患者对疾病的应对能力和生活质量[12-14]。DT是心理痛苦的评估工具,用于患者自己评估近1周来所经历的痛苦程度[14],其运用于心血管疾病相关心理痛苦的研究灵敏度为84.7%,特异度为76.4%[16]。目前对冠心病患者比较全面的心理痛苦研究报道较少,本课题组做了初步的探索。

情志所伤是本病的重要病因。《杂病源流犀烛》曰:“总之七情之由作心痛,七情失调可致气血耗逆,心脉失畅,痹阻不通而发心痛。”[17]双心护理即在对患者实施疾病护理的同时加入心理护理,关注患者的心理状态,有针对性的心理疏导,健康教育,饮食指导等干预力争使患者达到 《医经原旨》所云:“意志和,精神定,悔怒不起,魂魄不散,五脏俱甯,邪亦安从奈我何哉。”[18]的理想状态,积极配合治疗,提高临床效果,改善生活质量。

揿针是常用的中医护理技术。治疗本病以行气活血、解郁调神为法。《灵枢·口问》:“忧思则心系急,心系急则气道约,约则不利,故太息以伸出之,补手少阴、心主、足少阳留之也。”[18]本研究设计即宗此意,神门为心经原穴和输穴,神气出入之门户,原气之所过,尤擅治心之所属神志疾患。《灵枢·九针十二原》云:“五脏有疾,当取之十二原。”[18]《灵枢·五乱》:“故气乱于心则烦心密嘿,俯首静伏……气在于心者,取之手少阴、心主之输。”[19]故可调心神。膻中为心包募穴,《素问·灵兰秘典论》:“膻中者,臣使之官,喜乐出焉。”[20]在藏象学说中为心包络,具有代心行事、替心受邪的特点[21],具有调畅气机,治一切气机不畅之病的功效。太冲为肝经原穴和输穴,可调达肝气之郁。现代研究显示,针刺膻中、太冲穴可影响大脑多个功能区,影响心血管调节中枢,增加冠状动脉血流量,改善心肌供血;影响抑郁症情感调节相关的脑区,减轻心理痛苦[22-23]。本研究观察结果提示,双心护理结合揿针可以减轻冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者心理痛苦,改善患者临床症状,具有一定的临床应用价值和前景。

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(收稿日期:2019-09-10  本文編辑:封   华)

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