Module 11 Units 1—4 单元点拨

2020-02-10 06:39吴涛
中学课程辅导·高考版 2020年2期
关键词:辨析谓语短语

Unit 1

一、重点短语、句型和语法

1. ..., with all their baggage packed in suitcases or trunks, ...(P.2 L.11)……,他们所有的行李都装在手提箱或旅行箱里,……。

【点拨】 with all their baggage packed in suitcases or trunks是一个独立主格结构,在句中做状语,起补充说明的作用。相当于:and all their baggage is packed in suitcases or trunks。獨立主格结构的构成:(with)+ 名词/代词 + 形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式。

Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. 如果明天天气好,我们就进行比赛。

With so much homework to do, he hurried home. 有那么多作业要做,他很快回去了。

【高考链接】 Chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries______ its role in international affairs. (2019江苏卷32)

________________________

A. recognizing B. being recognized

C. to be recognized D. recognized

【解析】 A。with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs是一个独立主格结构,在句中做状语,补充说明。相当于:and more countries recognize its role in international affairs。介词宾语more countries和宾补recognize之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词。

2. In reality, these people have to spend long hours travelling, ... (P.2 L.11) 事实上,这些人得花很长时间旅行,……。

【点拨】 in reality = in fact = as a matter of fact事实上

【拓展】 由“in + 名词”构成的词组有:in charge 负责,掌管;in secret 秘密地;in case 万一;in sight 看得到,在视力范围内;in use 使用中;in return 作为回报;in public 当众,在公共场合; in addition 另外;in hospital 住院;in pairs 结对,两人一组; in chaos 处于混乱状态;in color 彩色的;in need (of) 需要,缺少;in total 总共,一共;in terror 处于恐惧状态;in debt 负债;in vain 徒劳,徒然;in part 部分地;in danger 处于危险状态;in prison 坐牢,被监禁;in rags 衣衫褴褛;in reality 实际上;in contrast 相比之下;in detail 详细地;in bulk 大量地,批量地;in surprise 吃惊地,惊奇地

【高考链接】 Favorable policies are______ to encourage employees professional development. (2019江苏卷27)

A. in effect B. in command

C. in turn D. in shape

【解析】 A。句意:优惠政策有效地鼓励了员工的专业发展。in effect 有效地,实际上;in command 在命令;in turn 反过来,轮流;in shape 在形状上,处于良好状态,根据句意选A。

3. As we go through our daily lives, we meet many different kinds of people. (P.3 L.40) 在我们的日常生活中,我们要接触到许多不同的人。

【点拨】 go through... 经历……

① 遭受,经历 They have all gone through the war.他们都经历过这场战争。

② 仔细检查,审查 The customs staff went through our luggage. 海关人员检查了我们的行李。

③ 穿过;通过 The telephone call quickly went through. 电话很快接通了。

其他词组:as far as it goes就目前情况来说;go down 下降;倒下;go with 伴随;跟……相配;协调;go against 违背;反对;抵抗;go in for 参加;喜欢;go all out全力以赴

【高考链接】 There is no doubt that this candidates advantage______ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.(2015湖北卷25)

A. leaves out B. goes against

C. lies in D. makes up

【解析】 C。句意:毫无疑问,这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。A.遗漏,省略;B.违背,和……作对;C.在于;D.编造,组成,化妆,和好。根据句意选C。

4. These people, ..., allow others to go about their daily lives. (P.3 L.46) 这些人……,使其他人得以繼续他们的日常生活。

【点拨】 go about sth. 从事,着手做,继续做……

Go about your business. 忙你自己的事情去吧。

He went about doing good. 他经常做好事。

【拓展】 go about ones daily routine 忙于日常事务;go with 一起去,伴随,与……相配,和……交朋友;go about (doing) sth. 开始,着手 How do you go about repairing the machine? (= set about)

【高考链接】 It is said that body language______ 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. (2015福建卷25)

A. lies in B. accounts for

C. consists of D. goes with

【解析】 B。考查短语辨析。A. lies in 在于;B. accounts for说明、占;C. consists of包括;D. goes with相伴。该句意思为:据说身体语言占了第一印象的百分之五十五,而你所说的话只占百分之七。根据句意选B。

5. Another advantage of having male nurses is that they... and bring a male way of thinking to solving problems. (P.11) 拥有男护士的另一个好处是,他们……,并能以男性的思维方式来解决问题。

【点拨】  bring...to... 把……带到……

Will you bring her to Toms party? 请你带她去汤姆的宴会,好不好?

其他词组:bring about造成,导致;bring back送回,使回忆,恢复(健康);bring down打落,降低,打倒;bring in引进,收获,产生,介绍;bring out使显现,阐明,出版; bring to an end结束;bring up养育;呕吐

【高考链接】 Working with the medical team in Africa has______ the best in her as a doctor.(2017江苏卷25)

A. held out B. brought out

C. picked out D. given out

【解析】 B。考查短语辨析。hold out坚持;提供机会;伸出手;bring out使显现,阐明,出版;pick out使容易看见,找出,精心挑选,认出来;give out用完,停止运行,分发,发出,公布。句意:在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意,故选B。

6. These people take great pleasure in influencing and persuading others, ... (P.15 L.51) 这类人从影响、说服别人中获得极大的乐趣,……。

【点拨】 take pleasure in... 乐于……

He took pleasure in the sight of his child studying. 他一见他的孩子学习就高兴。

【拓展】 其他词组:at ones pleasure随便,听便,随意;for pleasure为了取乐,作为消遣;during ones pleasure乘某人高兴时;with pleasure高兴的,乐意的

【高考链接】 —Hello Jenny, can I see Ms. Lewis? (2015重庆卷15)

—   . Ill tell her youre here.

A. With pleasure B. Never mind

C. Youre welcome D. Just a minute

【解析】 句意:——你好,珍妮,我能找一下路易斯女士吗?——请稍等,我给你叫她。根据语境可知这是在打电话,故选D项。

二、重点词汇

1. The last year of high school is a time for hard work and also a time to reflect. (P.2 L.1) 高中的最后一年是勤奋学习的时刻,也是认真思考的时刻。

【点拨】  reflect v. 反射;反映,表现

Mirrors reflect light. 镜子能反射光线。

【拓展】 reflect on 思考 The investigation reflects on her character. 调查(的结果)表明她的品格是有问题的。reflection n. 反射,反照 Can you see your reflection in the glass? 你能看到镜中的映像吗? on / upon reflection=on second thought经再三考虑; be lost in reflection / thought陷入沉思

2. ..., and which jobs are best suited to you... (P.2 L.4) ……以及哪一种工作最适合你……。

【点拨】 suited adj. 合适,适当

be suited to do / for doing / for sth.; be suited to sb. 或者suit sth. to sb. 适于

He is best suited to do / for doing / for this task. 他最适宜干这项工作。

A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his students. 一位好老师使他的课适宜学生。

【拓展】  suit vt.

① 满足;适于;对……方便 Any time will suit me. 什么时候我都行。

② 适合,适当 That dress suits you. 那套衣服你穿起来挺合适。

suit / satisfy / cater to / meet + ones needs / demands 满足某人的需求

【辨析】 suitable 和fit

① suitable 的动词形式是suit, 与动词fit都有“合适”之意,但也有区别。以衣服为例,fit是指大小尺寸合适,而suit则是表示衣服穿着很好看,包括款式和花式都合适。

Do you think this style suits me? 你觉得这种款式适合我穿吗?

These shoes dont fit me. 这鞋我穿着不合适。

【高考链接】 She______ the carpet with some very nice curtains in color.(2013江西卷31)

A. connected B. fitted

C. equipped D. matched

【解析】 该题考查动词搭配。A. connect... with 用……把……连接起来;B. 与fit经常搭配的介词是to意为“使……适合……,适应”;C. equip... with... 用……装备、使具备;D. match... with 使……相配。根据句意:她把彩色的漂亮窗帘与地毯搭配起来。应该选D。

② 形容词suitable后可接for sth. 和to sb.。

I dont think she should be suitable for the post. 我认为她不适合这个职位。

The job was not suitable to me. 那工作不适合我。

③ 形容词fit后只能接介词for或to do。

It would be months before he was fit for the work. 要过几个月他才能适合这工作。

The water in this river is unfit (for us) to drink. 这河里的水不能饮用。

3. Many actors, actresses and models hold ordinary, less glamorous jobs, in order to support themselves. (P.2 L.13) 为了养活自己,许多演员和模特做一些普通的、没那么风光的工作,……

【點拨】 support vt. / n.

① 支撑;托住 The roof may need extra support. 这个房顶需要额外的支撑物。

② 养活;资助;鼓励;帮助 Tom has to support a large family. 汤姆得养活一大家子人。

③ 拥护;支持 Which volleyball team do you support? 你支持哪个排球队?

【拓展】 be in support of sb. / sth. 支援某人/某物

They signed a petition in support of the pay claim. 他们在请愿书上签名支持这次加薪要求。

supportable adj. 可忍受的;supporter n.支持者;support group互助组;supporting role配角

【高考链接】 There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some______ and then let me know. (2015安徽卷30)

A. thought B. support

C. protection D. authority

【解析】 A。句意:现在没必要告诉我答案,你再思考一下,之后告诉我。A.思考;B.支持;C.保护;D.权威,当局。这里指让对方再好好想想,故选A。

4. Maybe a career as a local grocer would be a better option. (P.2 L.19) 可能做一名当地的杂货店店主会是更好的选择。

【点拨】 option n. 选择;选择权;选择自由;取舍;任意

There are four options in our college. 我们大学里有四门选修科。

We have two options—either we sell the house or we rent it out. 我们有两种选择——或是卖掉房子,或是将其出租。

【拓展】  at ones option 随意; have no option / choice / alternative but to do 不得不做某事; leave ones options open 暂不做选择;留有选择余地;leave to ones option 任意选择;make ones option 进行选择

There are three options open to us in that matter. 在那个问题上我们有三个选择的可能。

optional adj. 可选择的

Family Album, USA is an optional subject in our school. 走遍美国在我们学校是一门选修课。

Attendance at the lecture is optional. 这一讲座可随意参加。

5. ..., and lawyers can face tough moral problems. (P.2 L.25) ……,而律师则可能要面对棘手的道德问题。

【点拨】 tough adj.

① 坚韧的;有韧性的 as tough as leather坚韧如皮革

② 严酷的;苛刻的 a tough winter 一个严寒的冬天

③ 困难的;费力的;难切难吃的 tough meat老肉

④ 困难的;费力的或麻烦的 a tough job棘手的工作;a tough team一个难以应付的团队

⑤ 坚决的;强硬的;顽强的 a tough policy强硬的政策;a tough law 严格的法律

【高考链接】 —Why didnt you invite John to your birthday party?(2015江苏卷33)

—Well, you know hes______.

A. an early bird B. a wet blanket

C. a lucky dog D. a tough nut

【解析】 B。考点:英语俗语。an early bird早起者,早到者;a wet blanket扫兴的人;a lucky dog幸运儿;a tough nut难对付的人;难题。根据语境,应该选B。

6. It really made me think about the different options available to me. (P.5) 这真的让我想起我要的不同的选择。

【点拨】  available adj. 可获得的,可找到的,有空的

We must use all available resources. 我们必须利用可以得到的一切资源。

This book is not easily available. 这本书可不好买。

【拓展】 available for可用于……的;对……有效的;能参加……的;available to可以用来,现有的;对……有效;availably adv.有效用地;可获得地;availability n. 可用性;有效性;可得性

【高考链接】 —I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment. (2017天津卷3)

—Im sorry, but he is not______ at the moment, for the meeting hasnt ended.

A. busy B. active

C. concerned D. available

【解析】 D。句意:——我想见怀特先生,我们有约。——对不起,他现在没空,因为会议还没有结束。A.忙碌的;B.积极的,活跃的;C.关心的;D.有空的。根据语境选D。

7. This allows our hospital to work better than if we only approached problems one way. (P.11) 这使我们医院的工作效率比我们只用一种方法处理问題更好。

【点拨】 approach v. 对付,处理,向……靠近; n. 方法

He didnt approach the gate. 他没有立即走近大门。

A storm is approaching. 暴风雨即将来临。

【拓展】 approach a problem 处理问题; approach sb. on(或 about) sth.为某事同某人打交道; the approach to a bridge引桥

【高考链接】 He did not______ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016江苏卷25)

A. approach B. wrestle

C. compromise D. communicate

【解析】 C。试题分析:考查动词辨析。动词approach靠近,接近;wrestle摔跤,斗争,努力解决;compromise妥协;和解;让步;communicate交流;根据句意可知C项正确。

Unit 2

一、重点短语、句型和语法

1. If youve prepared properly, youll feel confident. (P.18 L.20) 如果你准备恰当,你会感到有信心。

【点拨】 proper adj. 适当的,适合的 proper behavior正当的行为;He said something proper for the occasion. 他说了一些适合时宜的话。

【拓展】 properly adv. 适当地,正当地;严格地(说来)

be properly puzzled感到极其困惑

That is not, properly speaking, a dictionary, but a grammar. 严格地说来那不是一本词典,而是一本语法书。

【高考链接】 A dogs eating habit requires regular training before it is______ established. (2019天津15)

A. properly B. widely

C. originally D. temporarily

【解析】 A。句意:狗的饮食习惯需要定期训练才能养成。properly 适当地,正当地;严格地(说来);widely 广泛地;originally 最初,起初;本来;temporarily 暂时地,临时。根据句意选A。

2. ..., make allowance for the traffic and make sure you are on time, or even a little bit early. (P.19 L.32) ……,你要考虑到交通状况,确定准时,甚至提前一点。

【点拨】 make (an) allowance for 考虑到

【拓展】  1) 同义:consider;同义词组:take something into consideration

The plan doesnt take people working on night shifts into consideration. 该计划没考虑上夜班的人。

My brother made no allowance for my shorter legs, and I had to run to keep up. 我哥哥不考虑我的腿较短,我得跑步才能跟上他。

2)由make 构成的短语:make allowances体谅,顾及; make a face做鬼脸;make friends with与……交朋友;make up和解;化妆;make up of由……组成;make up ones mind下决心;make an effort to do sth.努力做某事;make good use of好好利用;make the most of=make the best of充分利用;be made from由……制成(看不出原材料);be made of由……制成(看得出原材料);be made up of由……组成;make for走向;有利于;make oneself understood表白自己;make out起草;理解;开(支票等);make up弥补;编造;补偿;make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会;make an appointment for 预约时间;make efforts做出努力

【高考链接】  1) Kate heard a mans voice in the background, but she couldnt______ what he was saying. (2019天津卷9)

A. set aside B. take back

C. make out D. keep off

【解析】 C。句意:凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音,但她听不清他在说什么。A. set aside拔出;留出;驳回,不顾;B. take back拿回;C. make out辨认出;理解;说明;D. keep off让开,不接近。根据句意选C。

2) —Good morning, Mr. Lees office.(2018北京卷14)

—Good morning. Id like to make an appointment______ next Wednesday afternoon.

A. for B. on

C. in D. at

【解析】 A。與某人约会make an appointment with sb.;预约时间make an appointment for。根据句意选A。

3. ... and means you wont have to answer questions off the top of your head during the interview. (P.18 L.17) ……,并意味着在面试时你不用临时仓促应答。

【点拨】 off the top of ones head 未加思考的,不假思索地,信口地,即兴地,猜测,猜想

I cant tell you the answer off the top of my head. 我不经考虑无法告诉你答案。

He can answer difficult questions off the top of his head. 他能信口回答难题。

【拓展】 talk off the top of ones head即席发表谈话;choke off阻塞;log off(电脑)关机,下线;put off推迟,推延;show off展示,炫耀;be badly off贫穷;be well off富有;set off出发,动身

【高考链接】 1) —What happened? Your boss seems to______.(2018江苏卷35)

—Didnt you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press?

A. be over the moon B. laugh his head off

C. be all ears D. fly off the handle

【解析】 D。短语be over the moon 非常高兴,乐疯了; laugh his head off 大笑不止; be all ears 专心听课;fly off the handle 失去控制,发火。根据句意,选D。

2) —What does the stuff on your Tshirt mean?

—Its nothing. Just something______. (2017江苏卷33)

A. as clear as day

B. off the top of my head

C. under my nose

D. beyond my wildest dreams

【解析】 B。考查习惯用语。A. as clear as day显而易见,容易理解;B. off the top of my head没有考虑;C. under my nose就在我眼皮底下(都没有察觉);D. beyond my wildest dreams远远出乎意料,做梦都没有想到。句意:——你T恤上的东西是什么意思? ——没什么特别的意思。只是灵光一闪,随便写的。故选B。

4. ... even if you feel quite nervous. (P.19 L.39) ……即使你实际上感到很紧张。

【点拨】 even if= even though 即使,引导让步状语从句。

【高考链接】 The doctor shares his phone number with the patients______ they need medical assistance. (2019江苏卷23)

A. if only B. as if

C. even though D. in case

【解析】 D。句意:医生把他的电话号码告诉病人,以防他们需要医疗帮助。A. if only如果只有,只要,要是……多好;B. as if好像,好似;C. even though即使;D. in case以防,万一,假使。根据句意选D。

5. Im writing in response to your advertisement in the Local Daily for a software Engineer. (P.27) 我在写信回应你们在当地日报聘请一位软件工程师。

【点拨】 in response to 作为对……的回应,答复

【拓展】 response n. 其动词形式为respond; respond to 作为对……的回应,答复;make a response 作出响应,作出回复

He responded to my suggestion with a laugh. = He laughed in response to my suggestion. 他对我的建议报以一笑。

【高考链接】 These comments came______ specific questions often asked by local newsmen. (2015浙江卷17)

A. in memory of B. in response to

C. in touch with D. in possession of

【解析】 句意:這些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of 纪念;B. in response to 回应;C. in touch with 联系;D. in possession of 拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用,根据常识和句意,评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B. in response to回应。

二、重点词汇

1. We can split the interview process into three parts. (P.18 L.10) 我们可以把面试过程分为三个部分。

【点拨】  process n. 过程,进程,流程 the digestive process消化过程;an advanced industrial process先进的工作生产流程

【拓展】 in the process同时,在……过程中

v. 加工,处理,冲印 processed cheese经过加工的奶酪

Your application for a mortgage is being processed. 你申请抵押贷款的事正在办理中。

【高考链接】  Studies have shown that the right and left ear______ sound differently. (2015浙江卷5)

A. produce B. pronounce

C. process D. download

【解析】 C。句意:研究已经表明,左耳和右耳处理声音是不同的。A.生产或制造;B.发音;C.处理;D.下载。该题考查的是词义辨析,4个选项的意思都非常的不一样,所以在作答的时候,要每一个单词都代入空格进行翻译,找出最佳答案。根据常识,耳朵不能够生产或制造,不能发音,更不可能下载。所以答案只能是“处理”。

2. We can split the interview process into three parts... (P.18 L.10) 我们可以把面试过程分为三个部分……

【点拨】 split (split, split) vt. 劈开,切开,分开

【拓展】 split up 1) 把……划分 2) 相当于break up 离婚,分手,断绝关系

split up a farm into 5 lots 将农田划分为5块

Her parents split up a few months ago. 她的父母几个月之前离婚了。

【高考链接】  If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to______ on the sea? (2015浙江卷16)

A. float B. drown

C. shrink D. split

【解析】 A。句意:既然铁重于水,为什么船可以浮在水面上。A. float意为“漂浮”;B. drown意为“淹死”;C. shrink意为“收缩”;D. split意为“洒出”。此题考查的是4个动词的词义辨析,正确理解这4个词及结合常识可以得出答案A。

3. At night, we couldnt just hit a light switch; ... (P.31 L.30) 在夜里,我们不能只是按一下电灯开关……

【點拨】 switch vt. 转换;用鞭子等抽打;vi. 转换;抽打;n. 开关;转换;鞭子

fall asleep at the switch 失职,玩忽职守

The radio is programmed to switch itself on at 6:30. 这台收音机已调好在六点半开机。

【高考链接】 A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help______your year ahead. (2017江苏卷30)

A. shape B. switch

C. stretch D. sharpen

【解析】 A。考查动词辨析。A. shape塑造,决定……的形成,影响……的发展;B. switch转变,交换,调班;C. stretch拉长,拉紧,伸展,伸长;D. sharpen提高,使尖锐,变得清晰。句意:快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。

Unit 3

一、重点短语、句型和语法

1. In addition to his pocketsized radio, ... (P.34 L.18) 除了袖珍录音机,……。

【点拨】 in addition 另外,加之

—Im also a typist. —You do that in addition? ——我还是个打字员呢。——这是你额外的工作吗?

【拓展】 in addition to 除……之外

In addition to apples you asked for, I bought you some oranges. 除了你要的苹果之外,我还给你买了些橘子。

【高考链接】______ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances. (2019天津卷5)

A. According to B. Instead of

C. In addition to D. In spite of

【解析】 D。句意:尽管有这么多问题,有几个队员还是表现得很出色。A. According to 根据;B. Instead of 另外,加之;C. In addition to 除……之外;D. In spite of 尽管,不顾,不管。根据句意选D。

2. ..., demand was high and the business simply took off. (P.34 L.16) ……需求巨大,生意快速取得了成功。

【点拨】 take off 起飞;脱下;离开;休假;成功

The plane will take off at ten. 飞机将于十点钟起飞。

He wouldnt take his hat off. 他不愿脱下他的帽子。

In 2008, he met Alice, and his career took off. 他于2008年遇到爱丽丝,从此他的事业飞黄腾达。

【高考链接】 Many businesses started up by college students have______ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. (2016江苏卷30)

A. fallen off B. taken off

C. turned off D. left off

【解析】 B。考查动词短语辨析。短语fall off 跌落,下降;take off 起飞,成功,受欢迎;turn off 关闭;leave off 停止,中断。根据句意可知B正确。

【拓展】 由take构成的其他短语:take away拿去,取走,减去;take down拿下,取下,记下;take hold of抓住,掌握;take in收进,理解,欺骗;take out取出,除去;take part in参加;take it easy别紧张,悠然自得,轻轻松松;take up拿起,开始从事,接纳,占;take advantage of利用

3. His latest product is a bicycle that can be folded up small enough to fit into a bag. (P.35 L.50) 他最新的产品是可以折叠起来、小到可以放进包里的自行车。

【点拨】 fold up 倒闭;撒手;垮台;放弃;折叠

Many larger enterprises folded up during those difficult years. 在那些困难的岁月里许多大企业都倒闭了。

Fold up the chairs after sleeping. 睡过觉把椅子折起来。

When his wife left him, he simply folded up.他妻子离他而去后,他就完全垮掉了。

4. What blesses my father most is being able put food on the table and a roof over our heads. (P.46 L.4) 最让父亲感到幸福的是,他能够养家糊口,能让我们有栖身之地。

【点拨】  bless vt. 祝福,保佑,赞美

God bless you all. 愿上帝保佑你们。

Fate blessed him with great talent. 命運之神赋予它伟大的天才。

【拓展】 be blessed with sth. / sb. 赋予(能力等);享有(幸福等)

Both are blessed with an uncommon ability to fix things. 两人都有幸具有不寻常的修理东西的能力。

blessed adj. 幸福的,受祝福的,神圣的

But I also feel very blessed to be able to do what I do. 但是我也对自己能够做想做的事感到非常幸运。

blessing n. 祝福,赐福,祷告

A double blessing has fallen upon the house. 双喜临门。

5. If he hadnt worked, there would have been no one to support the family. (P.46 L.14) 如果他不工作,那么就没有人来养活整个家庭。

【点拨】 该句主从句用了虚拟语气。

【重点复习一】 有时假设的情况没有用if从句表示出来,而是通过without, but for等介词引导的短语或是由副词otherwise,连词but, or等引导的短语或上下文表示出来,这种情况称为含蓄条件。

But for(=Without)your help, I couldnt have passed the exam. 要是没有你的帮助,我就不会通过考试。

—Why didnt you help him? —I would have but I didnt have money. ——你为什么不帮助他呢? ——我原想帮助他,但是我没钱。

【高考链接】 1) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we______ a good time together. (2019江苏卷31)

A. had B. will have

C. would have had D. had had

【解析】 C。句意:真遗憾!你错过了观光,否则我们会在一起玩得很开心。You missed the sightseeing, or = If you hadnt missed the sightseeing, 与过去事实相反,主句谓语动词用would / could / might / should + have done,所以选C。

2) The workers were not better organized, otherwise they______ the task in half the time. (2019天津卷14)

A. accomplished

B. had accomplished

C. would accomplish

D. would have accomplished

【解析】 D。句意:工人们没有更好的组织,否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务。The workers were not better organized, otherwise = If the workers had not been better organized, 与过去事实相反,主句谓语动词用would / could / might / should + have done,所以选D。

【重点复习二】

1) 如果所提出的假设与现在的情况相反,其谓语动词形式为:

if从句主 句

一般过去时(动词be皆用were)would, should, might, could+动词原形

If John were here, I should be glad.

If people drove more slowly, there wouldnt be so many accidents.

2) 如果所提出的假设与过去的情况相反,其谓语动词形式为:

if从句主 句

过去完成时(had + 过去分词)would, should, might, could + have + 过去分词

If I had come a few minutes earlier, I should have met him.

3) 如果所提出的假设在将来没有多大可能实现,其谓语动词形式为:

if从句主 句

should + 动词原形;were to + 动词原形;动词过去式would, should, might, could + have + 动词原形

If you were to come tomorrow, I might have time to see you.

If I missed the film tonight, I would feel sorry for it.

【高考链接】 They might have found a better hotel if they______ a few more kilometers. (2018北京卷13)

A. drove B. would drive

C. were to drive D. had driven

【解析】 D。主句用might have found,说明与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,所以选D。

【重點复习三】 有时候,条件从句与主句的动作发生的时间不一致,此时各句中的谓语动词要根据它们各自所表示的时间加以相应的调整。

If he had followed the doctors advice then, he would be all right now. 如果他当时听医生的话,他现在身体就好了。

If I were you, I would have gone abroad with her last year. 如果我是你,我去年就和她出国了。

【高考链接】 If we______ the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. (2018天津卷15)

A. had caught B. caught

C. have caught D. would catch

【解析】 A。该题的主从句时间状语比较明确,从句与过去yesterday事实相反,条件句用had+ done;而主句与现在now事实相反。所以选A。

【重点复习四】 用于wish后面的宾语从句中。在表示与现在事实相反的愿望时,wish后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要用过去式(动词be用were);在表示与过去事实相反的愿望时,wish后面的宾语从句要用过去完成时;表示将来不大可能实现的愿望时,从句用would+动词原形。

I wish I were a bird, flying in the sky.

He wishes he had paid more attention to English in the past three years.

I wish that the rain would stop soon.

【高考链接】 There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I______ a second chance to become more involved. (2018江苏卷27)

A. had B. will have

C. would have had D. have had

【解析】 A。与现在事实(从and前面的句子中的there is以及and后面的句子中的wish看出)相反,wish后面宾语从句用一般过去时(be动词用were)。

【重点复习五】 用于“Its+ important / natural / necessary / strange / vital / essential / desirable + that从句”结构中的主语从句的谓语动词用“should(可省略)+ 动词原形”。

Its necessary that she (should) be sent to hospital at once. 有必要立即把她送医院。

【高考链接】 Its strange that he______ have taken the books without the owners permission. (2018江苏卷24)

A. would B. should

C. could D. might

【解析】 B。在“Its+ important / natural / necessary / strange / vital / essential / desirable等 + that從句”结构中的主语从句的谓语动词用“should(可省略)+ 动词原形”。所以选B。

6. A few years ago, one of his best friends passed away. (P.47 L.32) 几年前,他的一位最好的朋友去世了。

【点拨】 pass away 度过,消磨时间,消失,死亡

The storm should pass away before dark. 天黑前风暴就会停止了。

Talking with friends soon passes an evening away. 和朋友聊天一个晚上很快就度过了。

【拓展】 由pass构成的其他词组:pass by经过;走过;逝去;pass down传下来;遗传;pass into考进;逐渐变成;pass off停止;完成;忽视;pass on传递;pass on to传给;传达;传递……给……;pass out昏倒;失去知觉;分发;pass over越过;忽视;宽恕;回避;pass through穿过……;通过……;pass to传到;转到;讨论;pass up拒绝;把……向上递

二、重点词汇

1. ..., and his companys receipts grew by 600% over the previous year. (P.34 L.26) ……,他的公司收入比前一年增长了600%。

【点拨】  receipt n. 收到;收据;收入

I wrote her a receipt for the money. 我为那笔钱给她开了张收据。

【拓展】 v. 收到,开收据

His work is to receipt for each lot of goods. 他的工作是给每一批货物开收据。

【高考链接】 —Can you tell us your______ for happiness and a long life? (2016江苏卷24)

—Living every day to the full, definitely.

A. recipe B. record

C. range D. receipt

【解析】 A。考查名词词义辨析。recipe秘诀,食谱,药方;record记录;range范围;receipt收据,收条;A项意为“秘诀”,与上下文相符。

2. ..., Sinclair had tired of his various businesses, and was throwing himself into British Mensa, ... (P.35 L.44) ……Sinclair对他的各项生意已感到厌倦,而将精力投入到英国门萨俱乐部。

【点拨】 tire v. & vi. 疲劳;厌倦;vt. 使……疲劳;使……厌倦;n. 轮胎;头饰

The girl tires easily. 这女孩容易疲劳。

If driving tires you, take the train. 如果开车使你疲劳,那就坐火车吧。

The right tire blew out. 右轮胎爆裂了。

【拓展】 tire of 厌倦,厌烦

I have tired of these computer games. 我已经对这些电脑游戏感到厌烦。

tired adj. 疲倦的;厌倦的,厌烦的

He dragged his tired feet slowly along. 他拖着疲倦的步子慢慢地走着。

Michael is tired and he has to rest. 迈克尔累了,他不得不休息。

be tired out = be worn out 疲惫不堪;be tired of=be bored with 厌倦了

They were cold, hungry and tired out. 他们又冷又饿,疲惫不堪。

You may be tired of working for someone else. 你可能厌倦了为别人工作了。

3. He was its chairman from 1980 to 1997, and Mensas membership figures boomed under his direction. (P.35 L.45) 他于1980至1997年担任该俱乐部主席,门萨的会员人数在他的管理之下大幅增长。

【点拨】 boom vt. 使兴旺;发隆隆声;vi. 急速发展;发隆隆声;n. 繁荣;吊杆;隆隆声

How long can the present business boom last? 目前这种商业繁荣能持续多久?

But some of the boom is based on hope. 但是,也有些繁荣是建立在希望之上。

【拓展】 boom town 新兴城市;boom years= boom times 繁荣时期;boom out 低沉地发出;用低沉的聲音说话

They had the jobs in the boom times and bought homes. 他们曾经在经济繁荣的时代有过工作,买了房子。

Ive been in Las Vegas for 20 years and its always been a boom town. 我已在拉斯维加斯20年了,它一直都是一个繁荣的城市。

His voice boomed out from his office. 他的声音响亮地从办公室里发出来。

4. Sinclair has been successful because he possesses both the intelligence and a firm will to succeed. (P.35 L.53) 辛科莱取得了成功,因为他同时拥有智慧和坚定的成功的意志。

【点拨】 possess v. & vt. 拥有,具备;持有;控制;使掌握

Some animals possess the characteristic of man. 有些动物具有人类的特征。

【拓展】 possessive adj. 所有的;占有的;所有格的;possession n. 拥有;财产;领地;自制;着迷

常用词组:have possession of拥有;take / gain / get possession of拿到,占有;in possession of拥有;in ones possession=in the possession of sb.某物为某人所有

5. My father has been successful as he never shrinks from helping others. (P.47 L.39) 我的父亲是成功的,因为在帮助别人时他从不退缩。

【点拨】 shrink vt. 退缩;使缩小;使收缩;vi. 收缩;畏缩;n. 收缩;畏缩

This kind of cloth shrinks easily. 这种布爱缩水。

How much must we allow for the shrink? 要留多少缩水长度?

Theres a cat shrinking on the sofa. 有只猫蜷缩在沙发上。

【拓展】 shrink into oneself 缩作一团;变得沉默寡言;shrink from sb. 不见某人;shrink from doing sth. 不愿做某事

Facing the disease, no one can shrink from helping the victims. 面对这一灾难,没有人会不伸出援手,帮助那些受灾的人。

【高考链接】 If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to______ on the sea? (2015浙江卷16)

A. float B. drown

C. shrink D. split

【解析】 A。句意:既然铁重于水,为什么船可以浮在水面上。A. float意为“漂浮”;B. drown意为“淹死”;C. shrink意为“收缩”;D. split意为“洒出”。此题考查的是4个动词的词义辨析,正确理解这4个词的词义并结合常识可以得出答案。

Unit 4

一、重点短语、句型和语法

1. Although I knew everybody has to leave their nest at some point, ... (P.50 L.25) 尽管我知道到一定时候每一个人都不得不离开自己的“窝”,……。

【点拨】 at some point / moment 在某个时刻

The emotions will surface at some point in life. 各种情绪都会在生活中的某个时刻流露出来。

【拓展】  at all points 在各方面;to the point 简洁中肯;go off the point 离题;on the point of doing sth. 就要做某事;in point of 就……而言;off the point 离题的;There is no / not much point in doing... 做……没有用

He was on the point of going out when it began to rain. 他正要出去天开始下雨了。

What you write should keep to the point. 你写的东西应该切题。

【高考链接】 I have reached a point in my life______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. (2009浙江卷)

A. which B. where

C. how D. why

【解析】 B。这道题考查的是point后面的定语从句的关系词,I am supposed to make decisions of my own at the point. 这儿用at which=where引导定语从句。

试比较:—Do you have anything to say for yourself?(2006江西卷)

—Yes, theres one point______ we must insist on.

A. why B. where

C. how D. /

【解析】 D。这道题考查的point表示“观点”,后面的定语从句中insist on缺少宾语,所以用which / that或者省略,故选D。

2. I think it is a good idea to put some of your money away each week to make it last. (P.51 L.62) 我认为每周积攒点钱是个好主意。

【点拨】  put away 积攒;把……放回原处;放好

Put away clothes when you take them off. 脱下来的衣服要放好。

She finished putting the milk away and turned around. 她把牛奶收拾完后转过身来。

【拓展】 常见的以put开头的短语:put aside不理睬;忽视;put forward提出;向前拨;put off 推迟;put on穿上;增加(体重等);上演;put up举起;搭起;张贴;供给食宿;put up with容忍;忍受;put together把……放在一起;合计; put back恢复正常;把……放回原处;put down记下;put in花费;付出;正式提出;put into effect实行;生效;put into operation实施;使生效;使运行;put into practice实施;实行

【高考链接】 1) Peter will______ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. (2015陕西卷25)

A. take up B. put up

C. add up D. break up

【解析】 A。句意:Peter在这个月底将担任旅行社负责人的职位。take up拿起,开始从事;put up竖立;搭建;add up加起来;break up结束;分解。所以选A。

2) Body language can______ a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. (2015浙江卷7)

A. take away B. throw away

C. put away D. give away

【解析】 D。句意:肢体语言可以透露很多的心情,所以把你的手折起来站着,表示你是有防范的。A.拿走;B.扔掉;C.放好;D.泄露,而且和send out 同义。该题考查的是动词短语搭配,这是动词加副词的搭配,其中四个副词都是一样的(away),不同的是动词,正确理解四个搭配其实只需要理解四个动词就可以了。take意为“拿走”;throw意为“扔掉”;put意为“放”;give意为“给”。根据句意可以排除ABC,所以得出答案为D。

二、重点词汇

1. ... give you a quick preview of what to expect from university life... (P.50 L.7) ……让你们提前迅速了解可以从大学生活中期待得到什么,……

【点拨】 preview n. 预习,预览,预告;试映;事前查看

It also provides a preview of the next release to interested customers. 它也為感兴趣的顾客提供了下一个发布版本的预览。

【拓展】  preview vt. 预观,预演(喜剧等),预映(电影);试映;预展,预习

Preview the information centre to see and adjust the results. 预览信息中心以便检查和调整这些结果。

2. ... so that I could email them regularly. (P.51 L.30) 这样我就可以经常发电子邮件给他们。

【点拨】 regular adj. ①规则的,有规律的,固定的 a regular income固定收入;②定期的 a regular air service 定期班机;③经常的,习惯性的 a regular meeting例会

【拓展】 regularly adv.

The club meets regularly once a week. 俱乐部每周开一次例会。

【高考链接】 Unlike traditional gyms, appbacked gyms offer people______ options to exercise. (2019江苏卷28)

A. casual B. regular

C. flexible D. tight

【解析】 C。句意:与传统健身房不同,app支持的健身房为人们提供了灵活的锻炼选择。A. casual不经意的,漫不经心的;B. regular定期的,有规律的,经常的;C. flexible灵活的,可变通的,有弹性的;D. tight紧的,严密的。根据句意选C。

3. My parents wanted me to study in Canada, but the idea simply terrified me. (P.53) 我父母想让我到加拿大读书,但是这个想法却使我害怕。

【点拨】 terrify vt. 使害怕,使恐惧,使惊吓

Flying terrifies her. 坐飞机让她害怕得要命。

【拓展】 ① terrifying adj. 令人恐惧的;骇人的;极大的 I still find it terrifying to find myself tied to a tree.我发现被捆在树上还是很吓人的。② terrified adj. 使恐惧的,受惊吓的,恐吓 They were terrified out of their senses. 他们被吓得魂不附体。③ terrify sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事;be terrified of对……感到惊恐;be terrified at / with被……吓一跳

4. In addition, we have ..., two hours focusing on sharpening debating skills ... (P.63 L.26) 另外,我们每周还安排两小时集中训练辩论技巧……

【点拨】 sharpen vt. 削尖;磨快;使敏捷;加重;vi. 尖锐;变锋利

Sharpen your pencils before the test.考试前把铅笔削尖。

【拓展】 sharpen ones knife for sb. 准备惩罚(或攻击)某人

sharp adj. ①急剧的;强烈的;敏捷的;锋利的 as sharp as a needle

②极尖锐;非常机敏

He has a sharp tongue. 他这张嘴可厉害了。

The masses have sharp eyes. 群众的眼睛是雪亮的。

sharply adv. 急劇地;锐利地;sharpener n. 卷笔刀;sharpness n. 锐利;严厉;极速

【高考链接】 A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help______ your year ahead. (2017江苏卷30)

A. shape B. switch

C. stretch D. sharpen

【解析】 A。考查动词辨析。A. shape塑造,决定……的形成,影响……的发展;B. switch转变,交换,调班;C. stretch拉长,拉紧,伸展,伸长;D. sharpen提高,使尖锐,变得清晰。句意:快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。

(作者:吴涛,南京市第三高级中学)

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