尊重斯德哥尔摩的历史中心——骑士岛的激活改造

AJ景观

瑞典国家财产委员会拥有骑士岛的所有权与管理权，并计划对该岛上所有的公共空间进行更新和开发，以提高其可达性与吸引力。总的来说，从文化历史角度来看骑士岛很有意思，它具有很高的古文物价值，需要得到尊重和重视。该项目的核心是找到一种更新和修复岛屿的方法，从而在尊重历史价值的同时满足现代功能需求。对骑士岛南部的改造是岛上公共空间更新的第一部分。

1 总平面图Master plan

当站在骑士岛码头上时，大海和斯德哥尔摩的神奇景色引人入胜。设计的关键条件是沿滨水区域创造可以供人步行与停坐的大面积空间，并在保持开放海港氛围的同时，对旧的道路铺装进行管理。设计者设计了一套灵活使用公共空间的综合解决方案，将开放空间与之前的码头一样，沿着水滨的形态进行布局。这些大型开放空间既可用于举行各种活动，也可停放汽车和公交车。设计也对码头进行了加宽处理，并在历史建筑附近创造了更多的空间。码头也可用于停泊定期班轮和租赁船。

水面总能为停坐在岸边的人们创造出充满吸引力的景观。骑士岛南部项目的长椅是专为该地区设计的，由位于瑞典第二大湖泊韦特恩湖中的韦欣莎岛上的国王橡树木材制作而成。这些宽敞和自由的区域距离骑士岛的历史建筑很近，为人们体验建筑提供了良好的条件。在建筑之间形成的三角形场地朝南、荫蔽且安静，以满足人们会面和社交的需求。在这些地方，你可以找到沿瑞典最高行政法院的正立面摆放的舒适长椅，以及最高行政法院与西部体育馆之间沿着山脚而设置的定制坐凳。

历史上，骑士岛上最接近建筑的区域曾经是开敞而空旷的——地面上覆盖着不同种类的鹅卵石与花岗岩等天然石材。而新建的鹅卵石区域由于表面不平坦，被设置在了人们鲜少步行的地方。鹅卵石依照传统方式成排排列，大小不一的石子创造出一种安静而有趣的美丽路面。广场的天然石材铺装被用于人行和车行2种区域。不同的功能分区由不同颜色的石头与其表面不同的涂层工艺进行区分。大多数材料包含有循环再利用的旧铺路砖，它们有的是改造前场地中的，有的是之前被埋在地下的。具有特色的方形“马石”标志着重要的交汇处，也用不同大小的光滑石板铺设了一条无障碍轮椅通道，增加了道路铺装的多样性。

码头上的树木在20世纪60年代就已种下，如今已长成参天大树，为游人提供了积极而良好的场所体验，并对硬质的停车场进行柔化。设计也新增了一些树木种植，在对空间进行划分的同时也提供了更多的绿荫。

2 由韦欣莎岛上的橡木制作而成的长椅Benches with oak from Visingsö

3 晴天的骑士岛Riddarholmen on a sunny day

4 骑士岛整体鸟瞰Bird’s-eye over Riddarholmen

5 特制的长椅Specially designed benches

6 长椅与鹅卵石路面Benches and ground with cobblestones

7 顺应石墙走向的特制长椅Specially designed bench following the rock wall

8 紧靠石墙与建筑而延伸的长椅A long bench stretching close to the rock wall and the building

Riddarholmenis owned and managed by Statens Fastighetsverk (The National Property Board of Sweden), which plans to renew and develop all of the island’s public space to make it more attractive and accessible. Overall,Riddarholmenis interesting from a cultural history point of view, and holds great antiquarian values that need to be respected and taken care of. It’s been central in the project to find a way to renew and renovate the island in order to meet contemporary requirements for function while throughout respecting its historical values. The projectSödra Riddarholmenis the first part of the island’s public spaces to be completed.

When standing by the quays ofRiddarholmen,the scenery of the water and the magical view of Stockholm is striking. Key conditions in the design have been to create large areas for walking and sitting down along the waterfront, and to manage the old paving while preserving the atmosphere of an open harbor. By letting the open space follow the direction of the waterfront, in the same way the old quay did,we created an overall solution with flexible use of the public space. The large open spaces can be used for different kinds of events, as well as for parking cars and buses. The design also allowed the quays to be widened, and more space was created near the historical buildings. The docks may also be used to moor ships, both liner vessels and charted ships.

Water always creates attractive spots for seating. The benches ofSödra Riddarholmenare specifically designed for the location and are made of the King’s oaks fromVisingsö, an island located in Sweden’s second largest lakeVättern.The spacious and unrestricted areas close to the historical buildings of Riddarholmen provide good conditions to experience the buildings. The triangular places formed between the buildings are sheltered, south facing, quiet areas to meet and socialize. At these locations, you find comfortable benches along the façade ofKammarrättens Hus, and a custom-built bench that follows the mountain foot between Kammarrättens hus andVästra Gymnasiehuset.

Historically atRiddarholmen, the areas closest to the buildings used to be open and empty - coated in different kinds of cobblestone, all natural stone such as granite. The new cobblestone areas are placed where people rarely walk because of their uneven surfaces. The cobbles are traditionally placed in rows. The stones vary in size and create a quiet but interesting and beautiful surface. The natural stone paving of the square is located in both pedestrianand traffic areas. Areas with different functions are defined by differently coloured stones and by the use of different pitching techniques on the surface of the stone. Most of the material consists of recycled old paving that has been found on location, buried in the ground. Characteristic, square, “horse-stones”mark important junctions, and there is a wheelchair accessible passage with a paving of smooth surfaced flagstones of different sizes, that creates additional variety in the paved surfaces.

The trees on the quays were planted in the 1960’s and are now large, impressive trees. They contribute in giving the visitor a positive experience of the area and they soften the impression of the parking lot. A few new trees have been added. They give the spot added shelter and divide it into smaller spaces.