郑蕊 杜守颖 刘宇 郭瑞
[摘要] 目的 基于代谢组学技术对清开灵软胶囊的解热作用进行评价,探讨与其相关的作用机制。 方法 采用随机数字表法将18只SD雄性大鼠分为对照组、模型组和给药组,每组6只。模型组和给药组采用干酵母造模;给药组给予清开灵软胶囊内容物的0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠混悬液,以黄芩苷计12.5 mg/kg;模型组和对照组等体积灌胃0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠。应用超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱结合高分辨质谱法(UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS)的代谢组学技术,在正、负离子模式下对大鼠血浆进行代谢轮廓分析。借助多元变量统计分析对各组数据进行比较分析,寻找血浆中与发热相关的潜在生物标志物,探究清开灵软胶囊对这些内源性成分的逆向调节作用,推断其可能的代谢通路。 结果 在主成分分析(PCA)图上,对照组、模型组和给药组血浆代谢物谱明显分离,发现并鉴定出8种潜在的血浆生物标志物,分别为乳酸、烟酸、3-呋喃甲酸、琥珀酸、磷脂酰胆碱、花生四烯酸、LysoPE[0∶0/22∶4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)]、油酸;与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血浆中乳酸(P < 0.01)、烟酸(P < 0.01)、3-呋喃甲酸(P < 0.01)、琥珀酸(P < 0.01)含量显著升高,磷脂酰胆碱(P < 0.05)、花生四烯酸(P < 0.01)、LysoPE[0∶0/22∶4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)](P < 0.01)、油酸(P < 0.05)含量显著降低。给药组大鼠血浆中8种生物标志物含量均显著回调(P < 0.01或P < 0.05)。 结论 代谢组学方法可用于清开灵软胶囊的疗效评价,其可能通过调节体内能量代谢和磷脂类代谢发挥解热作用。
[关键词] 清开灵;软胶囊;代谢组学;超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱结合高分辨质谱法
[中图分类号] R285 [文献标识码] A [文章編号] 1673-7210(2019)07(a)-0034-05
Study on antipyretic mechanism of Qingkailing Soft Capsules based on metabonomics
ZHENG Rui1,2 DU Shouying1,3 LIU Yu2 GUO Rui4
1.Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; 2.Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; 3.Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; 4.Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the antipyretic effect of Qingkailing Soft Capsules based on metabonomics technology and to explore its related mechanism. Methods A total of 18 SD male rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and administration group, with 6 rats in each group. Model group and administration group were feverished by dry yeast. Rats in the administration group were given 0.5% CMC-Na suspension of Qingkailing Soft Capsules with baicalin as 12.5 mg/kg and model group and blank group were intragastrically administered with 0.5% CMC-Na at the same volume. The metabolic profiles of rat plasma were analyzed under positive and negative ion modes by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-inear ion trap/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS) metabolomics technique. Through the multivariate statistical analysis method, the data of each group were compared and analyzed, and the potential biomarkers related to fever in plasma were searched. The reverse regulation of Qingkailing Soft Capsules on these endogenous components was explored, and the possible metabolic pathways were inferred. Results On the principal component analysis (PCA) chart, the plasma metabolite profiles of the control group, model group and administration group were separated obviously. Eight potential plasma biomarkers were found and identified, which were lactic acid, nicotinic acid, 3-furoic acid, succinic acid, phosphocholine, arachidonic acid, LysoPE [0∶0/22∶4 (7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)] and oleic acid. Compared with the control group, the contents of lactic acid (P < 0.01), nicotinic acid (P < 0.01), 3-furoic acid (P < 0.05), succinic acid (P < 0.01) were increased significantly, while the contents of phosphocholine (P < 0.05), arachidonic acid (P < 0.01), LysoPE [0∶0/22∶4 (7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)] (P < 0.01), oleic acid (P < 0.05) were decreased significantly, which were in the model group. The contents of eight biomarkers in plasma of rats in the administration group were significantly reversed (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusion Metabonomics can be used to evaluate the efficacy of Qingkailing Soft Capsules, which may play an antipyretic role by regulating energy metabolism and phospholipid metabolism.
[Key words] Qingkailing; Soft capsule; Metabonomics; Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/ orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry
清开灵软胶囊是在安宫牛黄丸基础上制成的新型中药制剂,由胆酸、猪去氧胆酸、黄芩苷、金银花等组成,具有清热解毒、镇静安神的功效,用于上呼吸道感染、病毒性感冒、高热等病症,临床疗效确切[1-3]。代谢组学是通过描述生物体系受外界刺激或扰动后其内源性代谢物组的变化规律,揭示生命代谢活动的生物学活动本质的一门科学[4]。目前,清开灵制剂代谢组学的相关研究多集中于清开灵注射剂[5-6],而清开灵软胶囊发挥整体药效的作用机制尚未见文献报道。由于不同的药物剂型和不同的给药途径会影响药物有效成分的吸收、分布、代谢、排泄等,从而影响药物的疗效及作用机制,因此本研究采用超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱结合高分辨质谱法(UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS)分析技术,借助代谢组学的研究策略,探讨清开灵软胶囊干预酵母诱导发热大鼠的解热作用机制,为阐明不同剂型的临床应用特色和优势,临床准确合理用药提供参考。
1 对象与方法
1.1 实验动物
SPF级雄性SD大鼠,体重(200±20)g,购自斯贝福(北京)实验动物科技有限公司[许可证号:SCXK(京)2016-0002],于动物房[温度:(23±2)℃,湿度(60±5)%]适应环境1周,期间正常进食和饮水,12 h白昼黑夜交替。正式试验前,禁食12 h,自由饮水。
1.2 主要仪器与试剂
Thermo液质联用系统(美国赛默飞世尔科技),包括Ultimate 3000高效液相色谱仪,自动进样器,DAD检测器,柱温箱,二元泵和LTQ Orbitrap质谱,Xcalibur,Metworks和Mass Frontier 7.0用于数据采集和处理;TDX-1涡旋混合器(美国TonDa公司);D24UV纯水器(美国MilliporeTM公司)。
清开灵软胶囊(神威药业集团有限公司,批号:14072411,每粒0.4 g,含黄芩苷20 mg)。高活性干酵母粉(安琪酵母股份有限公司,批號:20160102W)。乙腈(Merck公司,LC/MS级)、甲醇(Merck公司,色谱级)、甲酸(CNW公司,色谱级);其他试剂均为分析纯。
1.3 实验分组与处理
1.3.1 分组及样本采集 大鼠置于代谢笼中,适应3 d,每天早、中、晚定点对大鼠实施适应性肛温测量,并作为基础体温,温差>0.5℃者剔除。采用随机数字表法将18只体温合格的大鼠随机分为3组,每组6只,分别为对照组、模型组、给药组。模型组和给药组大鼠背部皮下注射20%的干酵母混悬液10 mL/kg,空白组注射等量的生理盐水。造模4 h时,给药组灌胃给予清开灵软胶囊内容物的0.5% CMC-Na混悬液,以黄芩苷计为12.5 mg/kg;空白组和模型组灌胃等体积的0.5% CMC-Na混悬液。大鼠造模后10 h,用3.5%的水合氯醛(1 mL/kg)腹腔注射迅速麻醉,股动脉取血于肝素钠管中,3000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液并分装置1.0 mL离心管内,-80℃保存待测。
1.3.2 血浆样品前处理 血浆样品的前处理参照有关文献[7-8]并进行实验确证,血浆样品4℃解冻,甲醇于4℃预冷24 h,取血浆100 μL置于1.5 mL离心管中,加入3倍体积的甲醇300 μL,涡旋混合30 s,4℃静置15 min,以离心半径8 cm,12 000 r/min离心15 min,取上清液200 μL至进样小瓶。
1.4 检测方法
1.4.1 色谱条件 色谱柱:Hyper Gold C18(100 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm);流动相A为0.1%甲酸水溶液,B为0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液;梯度洗脱:0~2 min,5%B;2~12 min,5%~95%B;12~15 min,95%B;15~17 min,95%~5%B;流速0.3 mL/min,样品室温度保持在4℃,柱温40℃,进样量4 μL。
1.4.2 质谱条件 离子源为ESI源,正离子检测模式,喷雾电压3.0 kV,离子传输管温度350℃,S-lens电压30%,离子源温度300℃,鞘气流速45 arb,辅助气流速15 arb,吹扫气流速1 arb;负离子检测模式,喷雾电压3.5 kV,离子传输管温度350℃,S-lens电压60%,离子源温度300℃,鞘气流速45 arb,辅助气流速15 arb,吹扫气流速1 arb。
1.5 统计学方法
将原始数据导入SIEVE软件进行平滑、去燥, 峰基线校正,再通过Metabo Analyst 3.0完成数据预处理,随后将数据导入SIMCA-P 13.0进行建模判别分析。通过无监督的主成分分析(PCA)和有监测的正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)筛选VIP>1的代谢产物,然后采用SPSS 14.0进行统计分析。以P < 0.05和VIP>1为潜在的生物标志物[9]。
2 结果
2.1 UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS检测总离子流图
结果显示,无论在正离子模式下,还是负离子模式下,各组样品的峰型与数量都存在差异,但正离子模式下各组峰分离度更好。正、负离子模式下各组大鼠血浆总离子流图见图1。
2.2 多元统计分析
为进一步确定各组间代谢物的差异,首先采用PCA分析法对对照组、模型组、给药组代谢轮廓进行分析。对照组与模型组沿t[2]轴明显分开,提示酵母诱导大鼠发热模型复制成功;给药组位于对照组与模型组之间,有向对照组靠近的趋势,提示清开灵软胶囊能对大鼠的代谢轮廓回调。见图2。