体育与运动

胡发高

话题概述

体育与运动是人们日常生活的重要组成部分。经常参加运动能增强体质，提高应变能力，很好地适应各种环境。

在中考书面表达题中，“体育与运动”是一个常考的话题。该话题的写作类型通常以说明文和记叙文为主。行文时我们可以通过摆事实、讲道理阐明体育与运动对人体的益处，也可以通过列举事例来记录活动的过程等。

佳作赏评

The three⁃week winter holiday ended yesterday. During the holiday we spent the traditional festival—the Spring Festival. We enjoyed the time of saying goodbye to the old year and welcoming the new year. However， as for me， I never stopped enjoying the time of doing sports ①while I was celebrating the Spring Festival.

I kept on doing sports from the very beginning of the holiday. Every day， ②I spent about two hours in running and swimming. After getting up in the morning， I put on my sports shoes and then went to run outside in the cold air. I ran along the road by the small lake near my house for about forty⁃five minutes. After I finished running， I began to walk home， ③stretching my arms while walking. I went to run every morning， ④whether it rained or snowed. At two in the afternoon， I rode my bike to the city swimming pool. ⑤It took me about twenty minutes to get there. After I arrived， I had a short rest in the room beside the pool. A few minutes later， I put on my swimsuit and sat on the side of the pool. It was winter， and you can imagine how cold the water was and how much courage one must have. I stuck my right hand into the water and then put it on my chest. And then I did it so several times. When I felt my chest was a little cold， I jumped into the water and began to swim. ⑥I kept on swimming for about twenty minutes until I felt a little tired. I stuck to doing so every day during the whole holiday.

Doing sports every day during the winter holiday has brought me great benefits. Thanks to it， now ⑦Im stronger and health?

ier than before. And I have also strengthened my courage and perseverance.

【权威点评】

这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在寒假时进行体育运动的经历和感受。

文章首先介绍人们辞旧迎新、欢度春节的情景。然后笔锋一转，以“欢度佳节的同时亦要进行体育运动”来引出下文（叙述锻炼的时间及运动带来的好处）。

行文中，作者在尽量使用简单句和并列句的同时，又巧妙地运用了一些高级词汇、固定词组及高级句型。例如：

①while I was celebrating the Spring Festival （表示与另一动作同时发生的时间状语从句）

②I spent about two hours in running and swimming （表示“花时间做某事”的结构）

③stretching my arms while walking （现在分词短语作伴随状语）

④whether it rained or snowed （表示“无论是……还是……”的让步状语从句）

⑤It took me about twenty minutes to get there （表示“做某事花了多长时间”的句型）

⑥I kept on swimming for about twenty minutes until I felt a little tired （表示“不停地做某事，直到……”的句型）

⑦Im stronger and healthier than before （比较级句型）

另外，say goodbye to、as for、do sports、keep on、from the very beginning of、put on、stick to和thanks to等经典短语的运用，提升了文章的档次。

写作指导

1.主体时态

体育与运动话题的英语作文，其时态应根据文体而定。说明文通常用一般现在时，记叙文常用与过去相关的时态。

2.高频词语

sports运动、do / play sports做运动、exercise锻炼、do morning exercises做早操、walk散步、swim游泳、skate滑冰、climb the hill爬山、hiking远足、ride a bike骑自行车、play football踢足球、play basketball打篮球、high jump跳高、long jump跳远、health健康、healthy健康的、benefit益处、strong强壮的、strength力量、P.E. classes体育课、sports news体育新闻、be good for对……有好处、in the gym在体育馆里

3.典型句型

①There is a famous saying“Life lies in exercise”. 名言道：“生命在于运动。”

②Sports are very good / important for... 运动对……很好（重要）。

③We should realize the importance of doing sports. 我们应该认识到运动的重要性。

④I spend... hours exercising every day.我每天花……小时锻炼身体。

⑤We take part in sports every day. 我们每天都参加体育运动。

⑥... favorite sport is playing basketball. ……最喜欢的运动是打篮球。

⑦Doing sports can keep us healthy.运动可以使我们保持健康。

⑧We can relax ourselves by doing outside sports. 我们可以通过户外运动来放松自己。

⑨We only have P.E. classes twice a week. 我们每周只上两节体育课。

例题解析

假设你班被评为“体育活动先进班级”。你是班长，准备按校长要求写篇发言稿在大会上介绍你班开展体育活动的情况。要点如下：

[时间 男生 女生 早晨 做早操;跑步 做早操;跑步 下午放学后 打篮球或排球 打排球或棒球 周末 踢足球或打乒乓球 打乒乓球或羽毛球 ]

注意：

1.词数：100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Good morning， everyone！ Im Li Hua， the monitor of Class Three， Grade Nine.

Thats all. Thank you.

【写作提示】

1.审题立意

这是一篇班长介绍本班学生参加体育活动的情况的讲话稿，以介绍大家在不同时间段参加的不同体育活动项目为主。

2.要点补充

我们需补充学生积极参加体育活动的原因和未来的打算等内容，但补充点只需一笔带过。

3.谋篇布局

本文可以分为四段。首段点明主题，介绍本班学生开展体育活动的情况;第二段具体介绍学生在不同时间段参加的不同体育活动项目;第三段补充学生积极参加体育活动的原因和未来的打算。第四段为结束语（已给出）。

4.参考词汇

可以使用take an active part in、whether boys or girls、enjoy playing sports、stick to playing sports、keep us healthy and happy等。

5.语句表达

首段可以在所给的语句后，以“Im going to say something about...”作为主题句来点明本文的话题，about后可接由how引导的宾语从句。

第二段可运用“合并同类项”和“分类表述”的手法。“做早操”和“跑步”是男、女生同时参加的活动，因此可表达为“In the morning， all of us do morning exercises... And after that， we run...”。其他時段男、女生参加的活动项目有所不同，因此这些内容须分项表述。

第三段可用because引导的状语从句来表述学生积极参加体育活动的原因，并用一句话表述未来的打算。

6.时态运用

介绍本班学生在不同时间段参加的不同体育活动项目及其参加体育活动的原因时，用一般现在时;表述未来的打算时，要用一般将来时。

Good morning， everyone！Im Li Hua， the monitor of Class Three， Grade Nine.

Thats all. Thank you.

（答案见第64页）