探究视角1:语篇分析
本文是一篇说明文。非洲城市中产阶级不断扩大,使得外卖行业的创业公司不断崛起。其中图普卡软件已经开始为用户提供配送熟食以外的服务,客户甚至可以下单买活的动物,外卖员骑着轻便小车可以顺利穿行送货。新的技术打开了更大的市场,这种零工对富人和穷人都有好处,促进了非洲经济的发展。
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
一、近义词
1.zigzag v. 作之字形行进;曲折进行(n. 之字形;锯齿纹)
slalom v. 进行障碍滑雪赛;曲折前进(n. 障碍滑雪赛)
e.g. The path zigzagged down the hillside. 小路沿着山坡蜿蜒而下。
e.g. Once, before any of us kids had a license, we spent an entire afternoon piloting someones old car in reverse, trying to slalom between the trees in a field. 一次,我们这帮小孩都还没拿到驾照的时候,我们用人家的老轿车倒了一整个下午车,试着在一片田野的树木间穿来穿去。
2.chore n. 日常事务;令人厌烦的任务
errand n. 差事;跑腿
e.g. Shopping is a real chore for me. 对我来说,购物真是件苦差。
e.g. He often runs errands for his grandmother. 他经常给他的祖母跑腿儿。
二、形近词
revenue n.(公司、机构的)收益;收入
revenge n. 报复;报仇
e.g. advertising revenue 廣告收入
e.g. She wanted revenge for the insult. 她想报受辱之仇。
三、词的发音
一个词同时是名词和动词:凡是两个音节的,名词(往往是抽象名词)重音都在第一音节,动词重音都在第二音节。
e.g. conduct n. /̍kɒndʌkt/ 举止;行为
v. /kən̍dʌkt/ 执行;组织
produce n. /̍prɒdjuːs/ 农产品
v. /prə̍djuːs/ 引起;生产
凡是三个音节以上的抽象名词重音都在倒数第二个音节。
e.g. comprehension /̩kɒmprɪ̍henʃn/ n. 理解力
derivation /derɪ̍veɪʃn/ n. 起源;由来
如果不是抽象名词,则重音不一定在倒数第二个音节。
e.g. derivative /dɪ̍rɪvətɪv/ n. 派生物;衍生品;派生词
Ⅲ.难句分析
1.To offer these animals, Tupuca has teamed up with Roque Online, a start⁃up named after Mercado Roque Santeiro, a huge, open⁃air informal market in Luanda that was closed by the nanny state in 2011.
句子主干是“Tupuca has teamed up with Roque Online.”, To offer these animals是不定式表目的,a startup是Roque Online的同位语; named after Mercado Roque Santeiro是过去分词作后置定语,修饰a start⁃up; a huge, open⁃air informal market in Luanda是Mercado Roque Santeiro的同位语,that was closed by the nanny state in 2011是定语从句,修饰market。从这个例句可以看出,英文句子中往往用同位语来解释一个东西,而不全用定语从句,更不常用一个简单句跟在句子后面解释。
2.More than a third of households have at least one person living by informal vending.
句子主干是“More than a third of households have at least one person.”, living by informal vending是现在分词作后置定语,修饰one person。household指一个家庭,同住一所房子的人,也可指家务;还可作形容词,指家喻户晓的。
e.g. Today, fashion designers are household names. 如今,时装设计师们家喻户晓。