王磊 刘久敏 张东文
【摘要】 目的 探討双J管预扩张对输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗肾结石疗效的影响。方法 144例肾结石患者, 根据处理方法不同分为对照组(85例)和观察组(59例)。对照组患者采用输尿管软镜钬激光碎石, 观察组患者采用双J管预扩张输尿管软镜钬激光碎石。比较两组患者软镜通道鞘放置一次成功率;住院时间、术后发热时间;手术前后患者生活质量评分、机体炎症指标水平、疼痛程度;手术并发症发生情况。结果 观察组患者软镜通道鞘放置一次成功率为100.00%, 高于对照组的80.00%, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术前, 两组生活质量评分、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平、疼痛评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);手术后, 观察组患者生活质量评分(90.24±6.11)分高于对照组的(82.24±5.12)分, CRP水平(2.22±1.16)mg/L、疼痛评分(1.11±0.21)分低于对照组的(4.22±1.59)mg/L、(2.46±0.77)分, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者住院时间、术后发热时间分别为(4.02±0.11)、(2.11±0.21)d, 均短于对照组的(6.14±0.21)、(3.62±1.59)d, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者手术并发症发生率为1.69%, 低于对照组的15.29%, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 肾结石患者行双J管预扩张输尿管软镜钬激光碎石软镜通道鞘放置一次成功率高, 可更好地改善生活质量、机体炎症指标水平、疼痛程度, 加速康复。
【关键词】 双J管预扩张;输尿管软镜钬激光碎石;肾结石;疗效;影响
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2019.18.007
Effect of double J-tube pre-dilatation on the efficacy of holmium laser lithotripsy with flexible ureteroscope in the treatment of renal calculi WANG Lei, LIU Jiu-min, ZHANG Dong-wen. Jiaoling County Peoples Hospital, Meizhou 514100, China
【Abstract】 Objective To discuss the effect of double J-tube pre-dilatation on the efficacy of holmium laser lithotripsy with flexible ureteroscope in the treatment of renal calculi. Methods A total of 144 renal calculi patients were divided by different process methods into control group (85 cases) and observation group (59 cases). The control group was treated with holmium laser lithotripsy with flexible ureteroscope, and the observation group was treated with double J-tube pre-dilatation of holmium laser lithotripsy with flexible ureteroscope. Comparison were made on one-time success rate of soft mirror channel sheath placement, hospitalization time, fever time after operation, quality of life score, body inflammatory indexes and pain degree before and after operation, and occurrence of surgery complications between the two groups. Results The observation group had higher one-time success rate of soft mirror channel sheath placement as 100.00% than 80.00% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Before operation, both groups had no statistically significant difference in quality of life score, C-reactive protein (CRP) level and pain score (P>0.05). After operation, the observation group had higher quality of life score as (90.24±6.11) points than (82.24±5.12) points in the control group, and lower CRP as (2.22±1.16) mg/L and pain score as (1.11±0.21) points than (4.22±1.59) mg/L and (2.46±0.77) points in the control group. Their difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The observation group had shorter hospitalization time and fever time after operation as (4.02±0.11) and (2.11±0.21) d than (6.14±0.21) and (3.62±1.59) d in the control group. Their difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The observation group had lower incidence of surgical complications as 1.69% than 15.29% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Double J-tube pre-dilatation of ureteroscope holmium laser lithotripsy with flexible ureteroscope has a high success rate, and it can better improve the quality of life, body inflammation index level, pain level and accelerate rehabilitation.
【Key words】 Double J-tube pre-dilatation; Holmium laser lithotripsy with flexible ureteroscope; Renal calculi; Efficacy; Effect
肾结石在临床发生率较高, 手术是肾结石治疗的常用方法[1]。输尿管镜钬激光碎石术对腎结石的治疗有良好疗效, 而术前准备对手术的成功也非常重要。本研究分析了双J管预扩张对输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗肾结石疗效的影响, 现报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1. 1 一般资料 选择2017年9月~2018年12月本院收治的144例肾结石患者作为研究对象, 根据处理方法不同分为对照组(85例)和观察组(59例)。观察组患者中男35例, 女24例;年龄23~46岁, 平均年龄(37.59±6.20)岁;发病时间7个月~1年, 平均发病时间(8.22±1.28)个月;结石大小45~253 mm3, 平均结石大小(193.22±20.25)mm3;左侧肾结石40例, 右侧肾结石19例。对照组患者中男50例, 女35例;年龄23~85岁, 平均年龄(37.22±16.50)岁;发病时间7个月~1年, 平均发病时间(8.28 ±1.35)个月;结石大小45~252 mm3, 平均结石大小(193.12±20.01)mm3;左侧肾结石49例, 右侧肾结石36例。两组患者性别、年龄等一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), 具有可比性。
1. 2 方法 对照组患者采用输尿管软镜钬激光碎石, 观察组患者采用双J管预扩张输尿管软镜钬激光碎石。具体如下。①输尿管镜检查:麻醉成功后, 患者进行碎石术的位置, 采取输尿管镜进行相关检查。应用Olympus(8.6/9.8F型)输尿管镜在直视下通过尿道进入膀胱, 检查尿道狭窄或膀胱内病变, 并观察双侧输尿管的开口。在发现病变侧的输尿管开口后, 详细检查输尿管。②当输尿管镜探查发现输尿管狭窄或变形时, 在手术期间, 采用输尿管扩张器根据X射线检查逐渐扩展到14F。如果在扩张期间发现阻塞, 则应该采用球囊扩张器的组合进一步扩张输尿管。③在X线监测下放入合适输尿管软镜通道鞘至肾盂或输尿管上段, 找到结石。④碎石和取石:医生将钬激光纤维放入软镜的工作部位, 设置合理的参数, 碎石后用取石篮取出结石, 最后通过X射线了解结石残留情况。⑤碎石治疗后, 应检查输尿管, 看是否有撕裂、穿孔或撕脱。在没有上述情况下, 可以沿导丝插入6F双J管和16F尿管。⑥术后常规使用抗生素约3 d。
1. 3 观察指标及判定标准 比较两组患者软镜通道鞘放置一次成功率;住院时间、术后发热时间;手术前后患者生活质量评分、机体炎症指标(CRP)水平、疼痛程度;手术并发症发生情况。生活质量评分越高, 生活质量越好;疼痛程度采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分进行判定, 评分越低, 疼痛程度越轻。手术并发症包括感染、黏膜撕裂、出血等。
1. 4 统计学方法 采用SPSS22.0统计学软件对研究数据进行统计分析。计量资料以均数 ± 标准差( x-±s)表示, 采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示, 采用χ2检验。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
2 结果
2. 1 两组患者软镜通道鞘放置一次成功率比较 观察组患者软镜通道鞘放置一次成功率为100.00%, 高于对照组的80.00%, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
注:与对照组比较, aP<0.05
2. 2 两组患者手术前后生活质量评分、机体炎症指标水平、疼痛程度比较 手术前, 两组生活质量评分、CRP水平、疼痛评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 手术后, 观察组患者生活质量评分(90.24±6.11)分高于对照组的(82.24±5.12)分,
CRP水平(2.22±1.16)mg/L、疼痛评分(1.11±0.21)分低于对照组的(4.22±1.59)mg/L、(2.46±0.77)分, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
2. 3 两组患者住院时间、术后发热时间比较 观察组患者住院时间、术后发热时间分别为(4.02±0.11)、(2.11±0.21)d, 均短于对照组的(6.14±0.21)、(3.62±1.59)d, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。
2. 4 两组患者手术并发症发生情况比较 观察组患者手术并发症发生率为1.69%, 低于对照组的15.29%, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表4。
3 讨论
肾结石属于临床泌尿系统疾病, 男性本病的发病率明显高于女性, 且主要发生在青壮年, 患者出现不同程度腰痛[2]。当患者的结石相对较大时, 运动范围会明显缩小, 因此患者会感到腰部疼痛和肿胀。肾结石患者的结石成分主要是草酸钙和其他一些成分, 如磷酸铵镁、尿酸、磷酸钙等[3-5]。大多数患有此类疾病的患者在临床上无症状, 病情进展后可出现肾梗阻。
输尿管镜联合钬激光手术治疗肾结石患者的应用越来越广泛。这种方法可以减轻对输尿管壁的摩擦损伤[6-8], 降低术中肾脏内的灌洗压力, 减少术后患者尿路感染, 降低休克和败血症的发生率。双J管被广泛用于临床泌尿外科, 它可以有效防止输尿管狭窄, 预防粘连发生, 可提高软镜通道鞘放置一次成功率, 有效扩张通道, 为手术创造良好条件[9-11]。
综上所述, 肾结石患者行双J管预扩张输尿管软镜钬激光碎石软镜通道鞘放置一次成功率高, 可更好地改善患者生活质量、机体炎症指标水平、疼痛程度, 加速康复。
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[收稿日期:2019-01-07]