李建高
近年来,中考对主谓一致的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
一、根据主语的单复数和可数性考查主谓一致
如果用作主语的名词或代词是单数,则谓语动词用单数;如果用作主语的名词或代词是复数,则谓语动词用复数;如果用作主语的名词或代词是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数。
(2018年上海卷)The twins fond of the new idea in the magazine article.
A. be B. am
C. is D. are
解析:句子主语the twins为复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式,选D。
(2018年郴州卷)—What would you like, coffee or tea?
—Either OK. I dont mind.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
解析:句子主语either作代词,意为“两者中任何一个”,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。根据语境可知,空格处用一般现在时,选A。
二、考查“主语+介词短语”用作主语时的主谓一致
介词短语一般不用作主语,因此,当“主语+介词短语”处于主语位置时,其后的谓语动词只与其中的“主语”有关系而与其中的“介词短语”无关。如a teacher with his students作主语,谓语动词只与a teacher保持一致,而与his students无关。
(2018年铜仁卷)She with her mother often hills on Sundays.
A. climbs B. climb
C. climbed D. to climb
解析:句子的真正主語是she,为单数。由时间状语on Sundays可知,该句用一般现在时,选A。
三、考查并列成分作主语时的主谓一致
对于并列成分作主语的主谓一致问题,同学们要注意以下两类结构:
1)当and和both...and...连接的两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。
2)当either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...连接的两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常要与其最靠近的主语保持一致。
(2018年新疆卷)Both Mike and I ready for the new high school life.
A. be B. am
C. is D. are解析:Both... and...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式,选D。
(2018年兰州卷)Neither Tom nor I interested in playing WeChat.
A. am B. is
C. are D. be
解析:当neither...nor...连接两个并列成分作主语时,其后谓语动词要与其最靠近的主语保持一致,选A。
(2018年泰州卷)Not only children but also my husband crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea(《红海行动》).
A. is B. are
C. am D. be
解析:当not only...but also...连接两个并列成分作主语时,其后谓语动词要与其最靠近的主语保持一致,选A。
四、考查a/the number of...作主语时的主谓一致
A number of意为“一些;许多”,后跟名词复数,谓语动词一般用复数形式。Number前还可加形容词用以表示数量的多或少,如:a large/small/great number of等。The number of意为“……数量”,后跟复数名词,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
(2018年天水卷)—The number of tourists over 33 million this year.
—Yes. A large number of tourists so far because of the new look of our city.
A. is; have come B. is; has come
C. are; has come D. are; have come
解析:The number of...作主语时,其后的谓语动词要用单数,第一空填is;a number of...作主语时,其后的谓语动词要用复数,第二空填have come,选A。
五、考查there be句式中的主谓一致
在there be句式中,动词be不仅有时态上的变化,而且有单复数的变化:确定其时态的方法是看句子意思和句中的时间状语或其他相关时态;确定其单复数的方法是看与动词be最靠近的名词是单数还是复数。
(2018年长春卷)Nowadays, there more heroes in China. We admire them a lot.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
解析:There be句式中的be与其后的名词保持一致,可排除A和C;再根据句中的时间状语nowadays可知,句子应用一般现在时,选B。
(2018年泰州卷)—Why are you late, Jim?
—Because there a lot of traffic when I came here.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
解析:因为主语traffic为不可数名词,所以此处的there be句式中的be用单数;再根据when I came here中的一般过去时可知,句子讲述的是过去的情况,选C。
六、考查一段时间等作主语时的主谓一致
当一段时间(如ten years)、一段距离(如five hundred miles)、一笔钱(如100 dollars)用作主语时,常将其视为一个整体,其后的谓语动词用单数。
(2018年宜宾卷)Two months a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation.
A. am B. is C. are
解析:主语two months意为“两个月”,通常将其视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,选B。
七、考查非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致
当非谓语动词作句子的主语时,谓语动词原则上用单数。若非谓语动词带有自己的宾语,且宾语为复数形式,此时不要受此影响而误用复数谓语。
(2018年永州卷)Playing computer games too often bad for us.
A. am B. is C. are
解析:句子主语playing computer games为动名词短语,谓语动词用单数形式。切忌受playing的宾语games的影响而误用复数谓语。选B。