韦鹏翔 张红波 汪延明
[摘要] 目的 探討立体定向放射神经外科(SRNS)机器人CYBER刀系统治疗垂体瘤的治疗途径,为垂体腺瘤的治疗开辟无创治疗新路。 方法 选取2015年5月~2018年12月解放军960医院及山东省医学科学院附属医院收治的垂体瘤患者12例,应用美国第五代无创机器人赛博刀(CYBERKNIFE)系统治疗,采用126个放射节点,分3次治疗,每次间隔24 h,三次总剂量20 Gy;肿瘤边缘视神经剂量20 Gy,结合临床症状及内分泌变化,分析CYBERKNIFE治疗垂体腺瘤的效果。 结果 泌乳素(PRL)肿瘤6例,生长激素(GH)肿瘤6例;肿瘤直径2.0~3.5 cm,平均(2.30±0.78)cm。术前4例PRL显著升高>200 ng/L,平均(390.00±45.32)ng/L,2例增高37.5~68.6 ng/L,平均(46.00±17.69)ng/L,6例GH升高,平均(14.00±9.13)ng/L。治疗2周后复查MRT2显示肿瘤放射性坏死;术后复查4例激素完全恢复正常,神经内分泌紊乱8例,其中6例恢复正常,轻度下降1例,无改善1例;术后随访3~11个月,平均5.8个月,内分泌功能低下1例,口服强的松及甲状腺素替代治疗。复发1例手术治疗。无永久性尿崩及手术死亡病例。 结论 应用立体定向无框架放射神经外科CYBER刀系统,以20 Gy损毁剂量,100节点以上分次治疗垂体瘤安全可行。
[关键词] 垂体瘤;CYBER刀;治疗
[中图分类号] R736.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2019)04(b)-0062-03
Effect of stereotactic radioneurosurgery robot CYBER knife system in the treatment of pituitary adenoma
WEI Pengxiang1,2 ZHANG Hongbo3 WANG Yanming4
1.Department of Neurosurgery, Shunde Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Chinese and Western Medicine University, Guangdong Province, Fuoshan 528333, China; 2.Department of Neurosurgery, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing Traditional Medical University, Beijing 100078, China; 3.Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, the National Key Clinic Specialty, the Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, the Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510282, China; 4.Department of Neurosurgery, 960 Hospital of PLA, Shandong Province, Ji′nan 250031, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the approaches to CYBER knife system for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRNS) in the treatment of pituitary adenoma, and to open up a new non-invasive way for the treatment of pituitary adenoma. Methods A total of 12 patients with pituitary tumor Admitted to 960 Hospital of PLA and Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Acodemy of Medical Sciences from May 2015 to Decmber 2018 were selected and treated with CYBER knife system, a fifth-generation non-invasive robot from the United States. 126 radiating nodes were used, and the treatment was divided into three times, with each interval of 24 h and three times of total dose of 20 Gy. The dose of the optic nerve at the edge of the tumor was 20 Gy, combined with the clinical symptoms and endocrine changes, the efficacy of CYBER knife in the treatment of pituitary adenoma was analyzed. Results There were 6 cases of PRL tumor and 6 cases of GH tumor. The tumor diameter was 2.0 - 3.5 cm, with an average (2.30±0.78) cm. The preoperative PRL in 4 patients was significantly higher than 200 ng/L, with an average (390.00±45.32) ng/L, 2 patients increased, with an range value of 37.5 - 68.6 ng/L, and with an average (46.00±17.69) ng/L, GH of 6 patients elevated, and with an average (14.00±9.13) ng/L. MRT2 reexamination 2 weeks after treatment showed tumor radionecrosis. Postoperative reexamination showed that 4 cases of hormone completely returned to normal, 8 cases of neuroendocrine disorder, of which 6 cases returned to normal, 1 case of mild decrease, and 1 case without improvement. The patients were followed up for 3 to 11 months, with an average of 5.8 months. One patient had low endocrine function and received oral prednisone and thyroxine replacement therapy. One case of recurrence was treated by surgery. No permanent diabetes insipidus or death from surgery. Conclusion It is safe and feasible to apply the CYBER knife system of stereotactic non-frame radioneurosurgery to treat pituitary adenoma at a dose of 20 Gy and above 100 nodes.
[Key words] Pituitary adenoma; CYBER knife; Treatment
脑垂体瘤占颅内肿瘤的10%左右,手术治疗副作用较大。SRNS(X刀、伽马刀)治疗效果肯定,但限于上述设备射线的散射和射线分布不均匀以及需立体定向框架固定,瘤体周边肿瘤残存,效果欠佳。人们一直在寻找更有效、更简便的治疗途径。本研究应用无创立体定向放射神经外科CYBER刀系统治疗泌乳素(PRL)肿瘤6例,生长激素(GH)肿瘤6例,早期随访,效果肯定。现报道如下:
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2015年5月~2018年12月解放军960医院及山东省医学科学院附属医院收治的垂体瘤患者12例,其中男性4例,女性8例;年龄24~82岁,平均(33.20±12.70)岁;病史2~6年。其中PRL肿瘤6例,表现为PRL明显升高,服用溴隐亭治疗停药后肿瘤渐进性增大。GH肿瘤6例,表现为肢端肥大。肿瘤直径2.0~3.5 cm,平均(2.30±0.78)cm。
1.2 治疗方法
采用SRNS机器人CYBERKNIFEG4系统(美国)分次治疗:120~126个放射节点,分3次治疗,每次间隔24 h,3次总剂量20 Gy;准直仪(collimator):7.5 mm和9.0 mm两个;治疗计划视神经剂量20 Gy,肿瘤剂量分布均匀,靶区剂量为19.2~20.0 Gy。每次治疗约30 min。
1.3 观察指标
临床症状、内分泌及神经影像学指标为治疗前后效果评估指标。12例患者入院时常规化验垂体激素、甲状腺激素(TT3)及性激素,了解垂体及靶器官功能。分别于8、16、24 h采集静脉血进行皮质醇测定。
1.4 统计学方法
采用SPSS 19.0软件统计对所得数据进行统计学分析,计量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,符合正态分布的用t检验,不符合则采取秩和检验。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
患者术前激素检查显示血皮质醇升高,昼夜节律消失。术前4例PRL显著升高>200 ng/L,平均(390±45.32)ng/L;2例增高,37.5~68.6 ng/L,平均(46±17.69)ng/L,6例GH升高,平均(14±9.13)ng/L。睾酮下降者12例,黄体生成素及卵泡刺激素下降者16例,TT3异常4例,余激素水平大致在正常范围。
治疗2周后复查,MRT2显示肿瘤放射性坏死(图1);术后复查4例激素完全恢复正常,神经内分泌紊乱8例,其中恢复正常6例,轻度下降1例,无改善1例;无视力视野损伤症状,无脑脊液漏。术后随访3~11个月,平均5.8个月;内分泌功能低下1例,口服强的松及甲状腺素替代治疗。复发1例手术治疗。无永久性尿崩及手术死亡病例。
3 讨论
内镜及显微神经外科手术切除垂体瘤副损伤较大,颅底重建困难,破坏鼻腔结构,术后垂体功能低下及感染等术后并发症仍然存在[1-3]。由于X刀和伽马刀的物理特性,从中心到肿瘤边缘治疗剂量散射明显,X刀由100%~50%等剂量线衰减距离约19 mm,伽马刀由100%~50%等剂量线衰减距离约22 mm[1,5-6];而传统放射外科视神经单次耐受剂量10 Gy(2)导致垂体瘤治疗效果不佳,特别是肿瘤周边易复发[7-8]。传统放射外科需用立体定向头架固定,增加患者负担[7-9]。本研究应用进口SRNS第四五代CYBER刀系统治疗垂体瘤,总结其治疗特点及疗效。
第四代CYBER刀系统的优势是取消了立体定向头架(frameless),一改传统的非共面多弧治疗(no plan multiple arcs)理念,采用二个小collimator、120个以上放射节点、分3次放射治疗,使视神经耐受剂量可达20 Gy以上[3-6],肿瘤体积内损毁剂量20 Gy左右且分布均匀,治疗后2周内即产生放射性肿瘤坏死,视神经无损伤[10-12],治疗效果优良。本研究结果显示,所治疗病例无视力视野损伤症状,无脑脊液漏。垂体瘤的精准放射外科治疗是基于传统的放射外科基础上衍生而来,可以更加精确地设计靶点,避免靶器官周围副损伤和无关照射,其原理与新一代设备相同,且更具有智能性和精确性[13-14]。
本研究发现,经治疗后的垂体瘤患者术后激素水平影响较小,术后复查4例激素完全恢复正常;神经内分泌紊乱8例,其中6例恢复正常,轻度下降1例,无改善1例;与传统的显微手术或立体定向手术比较,机器人引导的精准放射治疗,只针对瘤细胞进行定点放疗,对垂体功能干扰小,术后激素水平一过性紊乱,与垂体减压后反应有关[15-17],垂体瘤神经内分泌紊乱的复杂性,垂体瘤放射外科手术治疗后较长时间内分泌紊乱才可恢复。垂体瘤的内分泌功能紊乱是长期肿瘤占位压迫临近正常垂体、破坏垂体结构或肿瘤分泌异常所致,放射外科治疗目的同传统手术和药物,其目的都是消除内分泌异常导致的机体功能代谢紊乱[18-20]。
應用立体定向无框架放射神经外科CYBER刀系统,分次治疗垂体瘤安全可行。关于治疗计划优化、最适治疗剂量及治疗节点选择,远期疗效判定等尚需进一步研究。
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(收稿日期:2019-01-02 本文编辑:封 华)