侯思远 谭永峰 冯星火
[摘要]目的 系统评价替加环素单药治疗以及联合治疗耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌的效果。方法 通过计算机检索自建库到2018年9月Cochrane图书馆、EmBase、PubMed、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)以及中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)关于替加环素治疗耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌的临床研究。由2名研究者按入选与排除标准独立筛选试验,并对纳入研究的方法学质量进行评价,提取資料,采用Review Manager 5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析,计算比值比(OR)和95%置信区间(95%CI)。结果 最终本研究纳入了9篇临床试验。替加环素单药治疗与其他单药治疗对耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌感染患者的死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(OR=1.07,95%CI=0.63~1.82,P=0.8)。以替加环素为基础的联合治疗与其他药物联合治疗相比,对耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌感染患者的死亡率差异无统计学意义(OR=1.40,95%CI=0.89~2.21,P=0.15)。结论 无论是替加环素单药还是以替加环素为基础的联合治疗,均不能有效改善耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌感染患者的死亡率。本结论尚需要更多大样本、高质量的临床随机对照试验予以证实。
[关键词]替加环素;耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌;单药治疗;联合治疗;Meta分析
[中图分类号] R453.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)2(c)-0064-04
[Abstrcat] Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of Tegacycline monotherapy and combination therapy in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia (CRKP) infections. Methods The clinical studies of Tegacycline in the treatment of CRKP were retrieved from Cochrane Library, Embase, Pubmed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) by computer from the construction of the library to September 2018. Two reviewers independently retrieved studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, assessed the methodological quality of included trials, and extracted data. The data analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 software. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for outcome analysis. Results A total of 9 studies were included in this study. There was no significant difference in the mortality of CRKP infection between Tegacycline monotherapy and other monotherapy (OR=1.07, 95%CI=0.63-1.82, P=0.8). There was no significant difference in mortality among CRKP patients treated with Tigacycline-based combination therapy compared with other drugs combination therapy (OR=1.40, 95%CI=0.89-2.21, P=0.15). Conclusion Both Tigecycline monotherapy and Tigecycline-based combination therapy do not significantly improve the mortality of patients with CRKP infections. This conclusion needs more large sample and high quality clinical randomized controlled trials to confirm.
[Key words] Tigecycline; Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae; Monotherapy; Combination therapy; Meta analysis
目前,耐碳青霉烯类的肺炎克雷伯菌(carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae,CRKP)已经成为世界范围内最重要的医院感染病原体之一[1],具有较高的死亡率、较长的住院时间以及较高的住院花费等特点[2-3]。CRKP对大多数可用抗菌药物,包括碳青霉烯类抗菌药物,其产生耐药性的能力迫使我们去寻求新的抗感染治疗方案。
替加環素主要具有抑菌活性,分布较广,但是在血清中浓度较低[18]。在使用替加环素治疗CRKP感染的同时也可能导致替加环素耐药的情况从而使治疗失败[19]。纳入的研究中大多数患者为CRKB的血流感染患者,以上因素可能是导致在本研究中替加环素疗效不满意的主要原因。
当然,本研究存在着很多的限制性。①影响死亡率的因素有很多,比如患者的年龄、基础疾病状态、是否拥有较高的APACHE Ⅱ评分等,这些都影响着患者的死亡率,而本研究仅仅纳入了全因死亡率这一个指标去评价替加环素治疗CRKP的效果,其中可能存在着较大的偏倚;②笔者无法从纳入的研究中获得更多大家关注的数据,比如临床症状的改善、细菌清除率;③只有两篇文献交待了替加环素的用法用量,大多数的文献均未交待具体的给药方案,如果对不同剂量进行亚组分析可能会减少偏倚的出现;④纳入的文献都不是随机对照研究,文献的偏倚较高,可能会影响本研究的结果。
综上所述,无论是替加环素单药还是以替加环素为基础的联合治疗,均并不能有效改善CRKP感染患者的死亡率,因此在治疗上需要谨慎选择。但是由于本研究纳入文献的偏倚风险较高,本结论尚需要更多大样本、高质量的临床随机对照试验予以证实。
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(收稿日期:2018-12-13 本文編辑:祁海文)