中医辨证护理对哺乳期急性乳腺炎疗效的影响分析

2019-01-17 02:05黄小华
中外医疗 2019年33期
关键词:哺乳期疗效影响

黄小华

[摘要] 目的 了解中醫辨证护理对哺乳期急性乳腺炎疗效的影响。方法 方便选取该院2017年8月—2019年2月诊治的哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者1 650例。随机分组,常规护理组采取中医穴位推拿乳房治疗,中医辨证干预组则采取中医穴位推拿乳房联合中药辨证治疗。比较两组疾病疗效;哺乳期急性乳腺炎肿胀症状、疼痛症状、体温升高症状消失时间;治疗前后患者白细胞计数、C反应蛋白监测水平等炎性指标;不良反应。结果 中医辨证干预组疗效水平高于常规护理组(χ2=8.121,P<0.05)。其中,常规护理组护理后显效340例,有效310例,无效175例,总有效率78.79%;中医辨证干预组护理后显效525例,有效300例,无效0例,总有效率100.00%。护理后中医辨证干预组白细胞计数、C反应蛋白监测水平等炎性指标变化幅度更大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中医辨证干预组哺乳期急性乳腺炎肿胀症状、疼痛症状、体温升高症状消失时间和常规护理组比较有优势,差异有统计学意义(t=5.823、6.823、5.244,P<0.05),中医辨证干预组哺乳期急性乳腺炎肿胀症状、疼痛症状、体温升高症状消失时间分别是﹙2.68±0.35﹚d,﹙3.79±1.82﹚d和﹙2.67±0.57﹚d,而常规护理组哺乳期急性乳腺炎肿胀症状、疼痛症状、体温升高症状消失时间分别是﹙4.78±0.21﹚d,﹙5.78±1.21﹚d和﹙4.79±0.89﹚d。中医辨证干预组和常规护理组不良反应相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05 ),两组均仅有个别出现头晕。结论 中医穴位推拿乳房联合中药辨证治疗哺乳期急性乳腺炎效果好,可有效改善患者的症状和控制炎症,且无明显不良反应,安全性高。

[关键词] 中医辨证护理;哺乳期;哺乳期急性乳腺炎;疗效;影响

[中图分类号] R248          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-0742(2019)11(c)-0153-03

[Abstract] Objective To understand the effect of TCM syndrome differentiation on the efficacy of acute mastitis in lactation. Methods Convenient selected 1 650 patients in the hospital from August 2017 to February 2019, lactating patients with acute mastitis. Randomly grouped, the conventional nursing group took the traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture point massage breast treatment, and the Chinese medicine dialectical intervention group took the traditional Chinese medicine acupoint massage breast combined with Chinese medicine dialectical treatment. The curative effect of the two groups of diseases was compared; the symptoms of swelling of acute mastitis during lactation, the symptoms of pain, and the disappearance of symptoms of elevated body temperature; the inflammatory indexes such as white blood cell count and C-reactive protein monitoring level before and after treatment; side effects. Results The efficacy level of TCM dialectical intervention group was higher than that of conventional nursing group(χ2=8.121,P<0.05). Among them, 340 cases were effective after nursing in the conventional nursing group, 310 cases were effective after nursing, 175 cases were ineffective after nursing, the total effective rate was 78.79%; 525 cases were effective after nursing in the dialectical intervention group of TCM, 300 cases were effective after treatment, and 0 cases were ineffective after nursing. The total effective rate is 100.00%. After nursing, the inflammatory markers such as white blood cell count and C-reactive protein monitoring level in the TCM dialectical intervention group were more variable, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). TCM dialectical intervention group of acute mastitis swelling symptoms, pain symptoms, temperature rise symptoms disappeared time and conventional nursing group have advantages, the difference was statistically significant(t=5.823, 6.823, 5.244, P<0.05), TCM dialectical intervention group lactation acute breast Symptoms of inflammation, pain, and elevated temperature disappeared at﹙2.68±0.35 ﹚d, ﹙3.79±1.82﹚ d, and ﹙2.67±0.57﹚ d, respectively. In the routine nursing group, symptoms of swelling, pain, and elevated temperature of acute mastitis disappeared during lactation. The time was﹙4.78 ± 0.21 ﹚ d,﹙5.78 ± 1.21﹚ d , and ﹙4.79 ± 0.89 ﹚d, respectively. The side effects of the TCM dialectical intervention group and the routine nursing group were similar, the difference was  not  statistically  significant﹙P>0.05﹚, and only two individuals developed dizziness. Conclusion Chinese medicine acupoint massage breast combined with traditional Chinese medicine dialectical treatment of lactation acute mastitis is effective, can effectively improve the patient's symptoms and control inflammation, and no obvious adverse reactions, high safety.

[Key words] TCM syndrome differentiation nursing; Lactation; Lactation acute mastitis; Efficacy; Influence

哺乳期急性乳腺炎是哺乳期初产妇女常见的急性传染病。乳腺炎发病快,化脓快,对母婴健康有严重影响[1-2],出现乳房肿胀,乳房疼痛和腋窝淋巴结肿大等症状。 过去,抗生素主要用于临床治疗疾病,但效果一般,难以消除患者乳房的肿块,这可能使疾病转变为慢性乳腺炎。该研究方便选取该院2017年8月—2019年2月诊治的哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者1 650例。随机分组,常规护理组采取中医穴位推拿乳房治疗,中医辨证干预组则采取中医穴位推拿乳房联合中药辨证治疗。比较两组疾病疗效;哺乳期急性乳腺炎肿胀症状、疼痛症状、体温升高症状消失时间;治疗前后患者白细胞计数、C反应蛋白监测水平等炎性指标;不良反应,分析了中医穴位推拿乳房配合中药辨证治疗哺乳期急性乳腺炎的效果,报道如下。

1  资料与方法

1.1  一般资料

方便选取该院诊治的哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者1 650例。根据随机数字表分组,其中,常规护理组年龄23~38岁,中位年龄为(28.78±1.89)岁;其病程为2~64 d, 中位病程为(15.21±3.89)d;经产妇525例,初产妇 300 例。中醫辨证干预组年龄23~38岁,中位年龄为(28.11±1.21)岁;其病程为2~63 d,中位病程为(15.81±3.78)d;经产妇526例,初产妇 299 例。常规护理组、中医辨证干预组资料有可比性。

1.2  方法

常规护理组采取中医穴位推拿乳房治疗,先给予低频脉冲治疗15 min,红外线电波治疗15 min,微针针刺治疗15 min(合谷、三阴交、发热加曲池),耳后穴位磁贴(睡前撕下),用少量橄榄油涂抹乳房,对乳根、膻中穴和大包穴按摩2~3 min,根据乳腺导管走向进行乳房肿块推拿按摩和疏通,将硬结部位淤积乳汁推向乳头,推拿疏通治疗过程,食指点按刺激乳头,用拇指和食指轻轻进行乳晕捏按,促使乳汁排出,1次/d,治疗3~7 d。

中医辨证干预组则采取中医穴位推拿乳房联合中药辨证治疗。常规护理组的基础上给予中药外敷: 大黄5 g,芒硝5 g,冰片5 g。将其研磨之后用蜂蜜调匀并局部外敷,1次/d,治疗3~7 d。

1.3  观察指标

比较两组疾病疗效、症状消失情况、治疗前后患者炎性指标;不良反应。

显效:白细胞计数、C反应蛋白监测水平等炎性指标恢复正常,肿块消失,哺乳期急性乳腺炎肿胀症状、疼痛症状、体温升高症状症状体征消失;有效:哺乳期急性乳腺炎肿胀症状、疼痛症状、体温升高症状等改善50%以上,白细胞计数、C反应蛋白监测水平等炎性指标改善一半以上;无效:达不到上述标准。总有效率=显效、有效百分率之和[3]。

1.4  统计方法

应用SPSS 15.0统计学软件进行分析数据, 计量资料用(x±s)表示,组间比较行t检验,计数资料用[n(%)]表示,组间比较行χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2  结果

2.1  效果

中医辨证干预组疗效水平高于常规护理组(χ2=8.121,P<0.05)。其中,常规护理组护理后显效340例,治疗后有效310例,护理后无效175例,总有效率78.79%;中医辨证干预组护理后显效525例,治疗后有效300例,护理后无效0例,总有效率100.00%。见表1。

2.2  白细胞计数、C反应蛋白监测水平等炎性指标

护理前常规护理组、中医辨证干预组白细胞计数、C反应蛋白监测水平等炎性指标相近,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后中医辨证干预组白细胞计数、C反应蛋白监测水平等炎性指标变化幅度更大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。

2.3  哺乳期急性乳腺炎肿胀症状、疼痛症状、体温升高症状消失时间

中医辨证干预组哺乳期急性乳腺炎肿胀症状、疼痛症状、体温升高症状消失时间和常规护理组比较有优势,差异有统计学意义(t=5.823、6.823、5.244,P<0.05),中医辨证干预组哺乳期急性乳腺炎肿胀症状、疼痛症状、体温升高症状消失时间分别是﹙2.68±0.35﹚d,﹙3.79±1.82﹚d和﹙2.67±0.57﹚d,而常规护理组哺乳期急性乳腺炎肿胀症状、疼痛症状、体温升高症状消失时间分别是﹙4.78±0.21﹚d,﹙5.78±1.21﹚d和﹙4.79±0.89﹚d。

2.4  不良反应

中医辨证干预组和常规护理组不良反应相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05 ),两组均仅有个别出现头晕。

3  讨论

哺乳期急性乳腺炎是由乳汁沉积和乳腺细菌感染引起的急性化脓性疾病,给母亲带来严重的生理和心理负担,并导致正常母乳喂养的障碍。 急性化脓性乳腺炎是由乳汁沉积和胃热积聚引起的,导致经络阻塞,气滞血瘀,邪热积聚到脓液中,这也影响婴儿的营养[4-5]。临床治疗常采用物理疗法、手动按摩、热硫酸镁等,可有效控制疾病进展。但效果不佳。中医认为,哺乳期急性乳腺炎是由产妇产后饮食引起的,肝气不稀疏,使乳腺受阻,导致乳汁流量不足[6-8]。该疾病的治疗方法应以梳通乳腺方法为基础。其中,中医穴位按摩和推拿在按摩乳房的同时,按压患者的膻中和乳根等穴位,可有效疏通乳汁,发挥减痛和促进炎症吸收作用。中药制剂外敷乳房不仅具有抗炎,抗炎,还能缓解疼痛,调节免疫功能,可促进血液循环改善,抑菌和疏通乳汁,减轻局部红肿疼痛,安全性高[9-11]。

该研究中,常规护理组采取中医穴位推拿乳房治疗,中医辨证干预组则采取中医穴位推拿乳房联合中药辨证治疗。结果显示,中医辨证干预组疗效水平高于常规护理组)(χ2=8.121,P<0.05)。其中,常规护理组治疗后显效340例,治疗后有效310例,治疗后无效175例,总有效率78.79%;中医辨证干预组治疗后显效525例,治疗后有效300例,治疗后无效0例,总有效率100.00%。而王桂英等[12]的研究也显示,中医辨证护理对哺乳期急性乳腺炎疗效达到98%,高于常规组的80%,和该研究相似。

综上所述,中医穴位推拿乳房联合中药辨别证治疗哺乳期急性乳腺炎效果好。

[参考文献]

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[2]  杨学芳,黄琪,李晨,等针对性护理在哺乳期早期急性乳腺炎中的应用效果观察[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2018,33(6):710.

[3]  郦杰芬.综合护理干预在哺乳期急性乳腺炎产妇临床治疗中的应用分析[J].当代护士,2018,25(10下旬刊):61-63.

[4]  李燕英.舒适化护理在哺乳期早期急性乳腺炎患者中的价值[J].实用临床护理学电子杂志,2018,3(38):169,175.

[5]  朱倩华,周肖郁,陈美美.乳腺专科护理门诊对哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者的干预效果[J].护理学杂志,2018,33(17):35-37.

[6]  Gogoi-Tiwari Jully,Williams Vincent,Waryah Charlene Babra,et al.Comparative studies of the immunogenicity and protective potential of biofilm vs planktonic Staphylococcus aureus vaccine against bovine mastitis using non-invasive mouse mastitis as a model system[J].Biofouling,2015,31(7/8):543-554.

[7]  陳茜,钱玉娜,张小莉.哺乳期急性乳腺炎的护理体会[J].世界最新医学信息文摘,2018,18(61):232-233.

[8]  Colin P Churchward,Ruben S Rosales,Adriana Gielbert,et al.Immunoproteomic characterisation of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri by mass spectrometry analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis spots and western blot[J].Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,2015,67(3):364-371.

[9]  陈炎华.哺乳期急性乳腺炎强化护理效果探讨[J].中外医学研究,2018,16(20):112-113.

[10]  Thomas, Valerie,de Jong, Anno,Moyaert, Hilde et al.Antimi crobial susceptibility monitoring of mastitis pathogens isolated from acute cases of clinical mastitis in dairy cows across Europe: VetPath results[J].International journal of antimicrobial agents,2015,46(1):13-20.

[11]  Sun Yu,Li Lian,Wu Jie,et al.Bovine recombinant lipopolysa ccharide binding protein (BRLBP) regulated apoptosis and inflammation response in lipopolysaccharide-challenged bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC)[J].Molecular Immunology,2015,65(2):205-214.

[12]  王桂英,林含,陈玮欣,等.中医辨证护理对哺乳期急性乳腺炎疗效的影响[J].北京中医药,2017,36(5):464-466.

(收稿日期:2019-08-25)

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