国家军事博物馆，苏斯特贝赫，荷兰

建筑设计：菲利克斯·克劳斯-迪克·范·瓦格宁根建筑事务所

1 外景/Exterior view

2 总平面/Site plan

设计国家军事博物馆被视为是一项敏感的任务。博物馆必须吸引公众，以引人入胜的方式让参观者意识到军事力量的重要性。同时，它应该避免对暴力的迷恋，否则将快速引发人们对战争的指控。建筑和博物馆管理部门需表现出透明度和克制，并对军事功绩的坚持和无畏流露一定程度的自豪感。乐于运用科技以及对大型空间姿态的敏感把握，让菲利克斯·克劳斯-迪克·范·瓦格宁根建筑事务所为这栋建筑找到了完美的平衡点。

博物馆需要更多空间展示军事材料，而非陈列绘画和图纸。昔日的苏斯特贝赫空军基地坐落在乌得勒支岭的坡地景观上，离荷兰的中心不远，为该项目提供了空间。博物馆的屋顶是一条贯穿该景观的水平线，由长250m、宽110m的钢结构组成。建筑内的黑色箱体与立面上的承重柱一同支撑起跨度达85m的屋顶。周围的窗户宽5m，高13m。喷气式战斗机悬挂在大厅里，仿佛他们正在参与战斗一般。

路德维希·密斯·凡·德罗式的美国和贵族风格、会议大厅务实的混凝土、钢和玻璃均成为了这座建筑的灵感源泉，不禁让人想起工程队建造桥梁的情景。□ （吕德·布劳韦斯 文，王单单 译）

3 夜景/Exterior view at night

A National Military Museum is a delicate task.It needs to be an attractive museum to the public that creates an engaging way to make its visitors be aware of the military force's significance.At the same time, any sense of fascination for violence should be avoided, since this will quickly result in accusations of warmongering.The building and museum management needs to project transparency and restraint, as well as a certain degree of pride in the persistence and fearlessness of the military feats. With pleasure in the use of technology and sensitivity for large spatial gestures, Felix Claus Dick van Wageningen Architecten found the perfect balance for the building.

Much more space is needed for showing military materials, than to display paintings and drawings. The former air base Soesterberg in the sloping landscape of the Utrechtse Heuvelrug,not far from centre of the Netherlands, provides room for this project. The roof of the museum is a horizontal line crossing the landscape, composed by a steel structure of 250 metres long and 110 metres wide. A black box unit in the building and load-bearing columns in the facade support the roof that spans 85 metres. The surrounding windows are 5 metres wide and 13 metres high. Jet fighters hang suspended in the hall as if they are engaging in combat.

Ludwig Mies van der Rowe's America and the aristocratic, no-nonsense concrete, steel and glass of convention halls served as the building's inspirational source. It automatically reminds of an engineering corps building bridges.□ (Text by Ruud Brouwers, Translated from Dutch by Li-Anne Krol,Proofread by Rens van Hedel)

4 内景/Interior view

评论

史洋：荷兰国家军事博物馆是一个典型的巨构建筑，一个长250m与宽110m的桁架结构大屋顶，覆盖了整个博物馆，包括它的室内部分和室外展览部分都统一归纳在一个屋檐下。这令人想起了密斯在柏林的国立美术馆设计，那座玻璃和钢铁混合的巨型雕塑——追求理性与极简，功能主义至上。博物馆巨大的屋顶托起了一个开阔的室内空间，就像在一个城市中涵盖了各个时代的军事产物。

从巨大的漂浮屋面到最小的细枝末节，该建筑特别注重其建造与节点，尤其是对工业化节点的处理，似乎都在为实现建筑的纯粹性而力求精益求精，最大程度地体现军事工程的精细度，将工业美学发展到极致。以至于放入的军事展品均被建筑所映衬，从而显示出当代艺术品的特征。

李文丽：苏斯特贝赫军事博物馆的设计，在讲述航空技术与国家军事战争的故事中，增加了个体的视野与自然两个维度，超越了宏大叙事及其审美。个体经验的真实感受，以及环境作为展品的尺度与环境参照，使参观者获得两种相互支持与冲突的体验。由二层进入结合虚拟技术的小展厅，再到达地面开放展厅的观展路线，宏观与微观交替的观展过程，使个体逐渐靠近、理解和想象高度专业化的航空知识和战争这一严肃主题。另一方面，桁架结构所形成的屋顶悬挑和架空展厅，使个体获得自然的开阔视野与在场感。高度契合的空间与展品，得益于博物馆设计、运营与维护三者结合的机制。

5 地下一层/B1 plan

6 二层平面/1st plan

7 剖面/Section

Comments

SHI Yang:The National Military Museum of the Netherlands is a typical mega-structure, with a 250 metres long and 110 metres wide truss structured roof covering the entire museum, including its indoor and outdoor exhibition under one roof. It's reminiscent of Mies's design of National Gallery of Art in Berlin, a huge sculpture of glass and steel – in pursuit of rationality, minimalism, and the supremacy of functionalism. The museum's huge roof holds up an open interior space, like a city that covers military products of all ages.

From the huge floating roof to the smallest detail,the building pays special attention to its construction and joints, especially the treatment of the industrial joints, which seems to be giving the best efforts to achieve the purity of architecture, maximizing the fineness of military engineering, and developing industrial aesthetics to the extreme. In the end,all the military exhibits represent the features of contemporary art with the building at the background(Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

LI Wenli:The design of the museum has tried to present the grand narratives of the aviation technology and nation military in different perspectives, one from the view of individual essence, and meanwhile, the nature as the reference. The experience of contradiction is realised by the exhibition route, which is organised from the smaller space on the first floor, and then move to open space on the ground floor. The openness is formulated by the raised and hanged roof structure that provided an open view to the surroundings, which has intensified the individual presence. The success do depend on the close corporation between the design,operation and exhibition maintenance.

8 内景/Interior views

9 内景/Interior views

10 内景/Interior views

11 内景/Interior views

12 内景/Interior views

13 内景/Interior views

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client: Heijmans NV for Rijksgebouwendienst and Department of Defense

主持建筑师/Principal Architects: Felix Claus, Dick van Wageningen

设计团队/Design Team: Jeroen Schoots, Qing Chen, Sander Monteiro, Brigitte Kwa, Stefhan Broekema, Hans Tabak,Nick van Harmelen, John Bosch, Jelle van den Heuvel, Jan Kerkhoff, Marc van Broekhuijsen, Hilmar Goedhart

景观设计/Landscape Architect: H+N+S

展陈设计/Exhibition Design: Kossmann. deJong

总建筑面积/Gross Floor Area: 39,500m2

基地面积/Site Area: 450,000m2

任务分配/Date Assignment: 2011.01

竣工时间/Completion: 2014.09

建筑造价/Building Costs: €56,000,000 （不含税，不

含场地及展览/excl tax & excl site and exhibitions），€74,000,000 （不含税，含场地及展览/excl tax/incl site and exhibitions）

绘图/Drawings: Felix Claus Dick van Wageningen Architecten

摄影/Photos: Christian Richters

14 草图/Sketchs