施国华
(广西国际商务职业技术学院外语系,广西 南宁 530007)
互联网+时代跨境电子商务应运而生。在跨境电子商务交易磋商过程中,跨境电商与客户磋商沟通的主要方式就是拟写电子信函。因此掌握电子信函的衔接写作技巧对跨境电商人员来说是一项必备的写作技能。本文从关联理论最佳关联性的角度出发,分析了跨境电商电子信函在衔接上的的最佳关联特点,探讨了提高电子信函衔接写作技巧的方法。
由Sperber和Wilson两位学者提出的关联理论认为语言交际遵循着“明示——推理”的交际模式。“明示”和“推理”是交际过程的两个方面。为使交际获得成功,说话人(写信人)和听话人(阅信人)唯一的共同目标是要理解对方以及被对方理解。关联理论的两条原则分别是认知原则和交际原则。所谓认知原则就是人类认知倾于同最大程度的关联性相吻合;所谓交际原则就是每一个话语或其它交际行为都应设想为具有最佳关联性。关联理论的最佳关联性对提高跨境电商电子信函的衔接写作技巧有很强的指导意义。
跨境电子信函可分为:商洽函、询问函、请求函、高知函、拒绝函、投诉函、致歉函、建议函、感谢函、邀请函、慰问函、祝贺函、推销函、联系函等。关联理论的最佳关联性体现在跨境电子信函格式、句子、段落以及发信和回信之间的衔接上。
电子信函格式如下:
以上9个部分的内容有序排列,形成一体,体现格式衔接上的整体性。
1.简单句内的关联衔接
例1采用介词衔接:
A sight draft will be drawn on you through the Bank of China.已经通过中国银行向你方开立了一张即期汇票。句中使用"on 和through这两个介词衔接句意。
例2采用介词短语衔接:
In addition to the gross,net and tare weight,the shipping marks should include the words" Made in China" 除了毛重、净重和皮重,运输标志还应该包括中国制造的字样。句中使用“In addition to"这个介词短语进行衔接。
例3采用副词衔接:
Any delay will undoubtedly involve us in no small difficulty.任何延误都将会毫无疑问使我们陷入不小的困境。句中“undoubtedly”这个副词起到强化语气的衔接作用。
例4采用分词衔接:
We write this letter,asking you to open an irrevocable L/C.我方写这封信,要求你方开立一份不可撤销的信用证。句中"asking" 这个现在分词起到详细描述来信内容的连接作用。
2.复合句内的关联衔接
例1采用连词衔接:
Although we are keen to do business with you,we regret that we cannot accept your counter offer.虽然我们渴望与你方做交易,但是抱歉我们无法接受你方还盘。句中运用“although”这:个连词连接主句和从句,表达转折。
例2采用定语从句衔接
Enclosed is our Sales Contract No,354 in duplicate of which please countersign and return one copy to us for our file.随函附上我方354号销售合同一式两份,其中请会签并退回一份给我方以便存档。句中使用”of which“ 连接主句和定语从句
例3采用转折副词衔接:
We would like to place repeat orders with you if you could reduce your price at least by 10%.Otherwise,we have to shift to the other suppliers."如果你方能降价10% 我方将续订,否则我方将转向其他供货商。句中的“otherwise ”连接以上两个简单句,表示转折。
例如采用介词短语进行关联衔接:
We note that you can supply these items from stock and hope you will make delivery by the end of November.
For your reference,we wish to effect payment by D/P at 60 days’ sight.Please kindly let us have your confirmation.
两段之间的for your reference有”供你参考“之意,起到递进的衔接作用。
1.用发信结束句和回信开头句进行关联衔接
例如:写信人在发信的结尾往往会写“We look forward to your early reply.We anticipate your immediate acceptance.We expect your settlement before March 10.2016.We look forward to your early reply.We anticipate your immediate acceptance.We expect your settlement before March 10.2016.”这类希望对方回复的期待语。而回信人在回信的开头往往会写“Thank you for your letter of April 1,2016,offering us 1000 metric tons of peanuts.;In reply to your letter of May 20,2016 enquiring for rice,we are making you an offer as follows:”这类提及来信的开头句。通过发信的结束语和回信的开头语来衔接往来信函。
2.发信和回信正文内容之间的关联衔接
在跨境电商交易中,电商根据交易业务流程拟写信函,在发信正文和回信正文内容之间需要存在必要的衔接。例如买方询购A4纸:
From:dylan@jhtrading.com.cnTo:sathida@scg.com.thDate:Jun.9,20—Subject:An inquiry for A4 Copy PaperDear Sirs,We learn from www.thaipaper.com that you are a leading paper supplier in Thailand.We are very interested in your A4 Copy Paper in Idea Type.Would you please inform us of the price,shipment and payment Please quote us your most favorable prices.If your prices are competi-tive,we will place a large order with you.Looking forward to your early reply.Best Regards Dylan WangImport Manager
卖方收到后进行报盘回复:
From:sathida@ scg.com.thTo:dylan@ jhtrading.com.cnDate:Jun.9,20—Subject:An offer for A4 Copy PaperDear Dylan,Thank you for your inquiry of June 9,20—for our A4 Copy Paper in I-dea Type.As requested,we take pleasure in offering you,subject to your reply reaching us by the end of this month as follows:Commodity:Idea max 70g,Price:at USD 50/mt FOB BangkokShipment:within 20 days after receipt of the L/CPayment:by an L/C at sight or T/T100% before production.Looking forward to your early reply.Best regardsSathidaExport Manager
在整个询盘和报盘磋商环节中,买方发出和卖方回复的信函在内容上紧密衔接。
牢记商务电子信函在格式上的衔接特点。例如:发件人-收件人-日期-事由-称呼-邮件正文-礼貌结束语-发件人全名-职务-附件,按以上顺序排列格式内容。
写好跨境电子信函的首要任务就是要牢记各业务环节的核心词汇。例如建立业务关系establish business relations;询盘enquire for,make an enquiry for;报盘offer,quote,make an offer for;还盘counteroffer,make a counteroffer for;成交accept the order,sign and countersign the contract,fulfill the contract 等。
而掌握套句是写好跨境电子信函的基础。例如建立业务关系套句:We owe your name and address to the Commercial Counselor’s Office of xxx Embassy in … We hope you can establish business relations with us.;询盘套句:We are interested in…We want to buy…We shall be obliged if you could quote…,stating…;报盘套句:We are making you a firm offer for…(goods)at…(price)for shipment in…for payment by…;还盘套句:Please reduce your quotation by 2% as it is found to be on the high side.牢记这些套句会使信函逻辑紧凑。
学会归纳不同业务环节信函正文中各段落的写作内容。
例如报盘函三段正文的写作要点为:
开头段:感谢对方某年某月某日关于某商品的询盘。
中间段:进行报盘并陈述报盘条款同时劝说对方接受。
结尾段:期待收到对方接受。
再如还盘函三段正文的写作要领为:
开头段:感谢对方某年某月某日关于某商品的报盘。
中间段:说明不能接受报盘,陈述原因并致歉。给出还盘建议。
结尾段:希望对方接受还盘建议。
例如要求修改信用证函写作模版:
From:To: Date:Subject:Asking for Amending…Dear Customer,We have received with thanks your L/C No….under S/C No…After checking the L/C,we find some discrepancies.Please amend the L/C as follows:1.Please amend … 2.…should be… instead of… Please make necessary amendment to your L/C with the least possible delay.We look forward to your L/C amendment.Best Regards,xxx
跨境电商如果能掌握电子信函写作上的最佳关联衔接技巧,并按照以上方法进行训练,就能达到不断提高电子信函写作水平的目的。
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