丁伟玲 张丽华
一、教学内容与分析
本课选自人教版新目标《英语》八年级下册Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.(Section B 2a-2d)。2a读前活动从学生的已有知识出发,要求学生列出所知道的童话故事, 并就Sleeping Beauty,Cinderella,Little Red Riding Hood 三个童话故事谈谈自己的认识,为2b的阅读活动做准备。2b 部分提供了《糖果屋》的部分剧本,让学生初步了解戏剧的形式。2c 部分提供了各场景的描述,帮助学生进一步了解各場景的主题。2d部分通过对文本细节的追问, 引发学生进行思考并运用所学语言表达自己的观点,有助于文本的理解和巩固, 为之后的语言输出提供丰富的信息储备。
二、教学目标
1.语言知识目标:①学习并掌握本节课的重点词汇:wife,husband,whole,shine,ground,lead,brave,bright,voice,掌握连词unless,as soon as,以及so...that结构的用法。②能在语言形式的基本结构运用中领悟表意功能,如Hansel人物在戏剧中大部分使用祈使句和陈述句,而Gretel人物大部分使用疑问句,领悟两人性格不同,到后来Gretel使用陈述句,领悟Gretel的情绪和性格的变化。
2.语言技能目标:①能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系,如Paragraph 1: weather is so dry that no food would _______ grow → the stepmother wants to kill Hansel and Gretel→How to kill; Scene 1-Scene 7各幕之间按照时间逻辑顺序和因果逻辑推进剧情的发展。②能根据不同的阅读目的运用不同的阅读策略获取信息,通过预测、速读、扫读、寻读等找出文章中的主题,预测、理解戏剧情节的发展并推断戏剧的结局。
3.学习策略:①根据人物对白总结此戏剧情节要点;②根据此戏剧情节发展合理续写故事结局。
4.情感态度与价值观:品读西方文学名著,了解西方文化,开阔眼界。
5.文化意识:在学习西方文化的同时,注意传承中华传统文化。
三、教学重难点
教学重点:了解西方童话故事的表现形式,尝试用表演或内容概括的形式进行语言输出。
教学难点:剧本的演绎和词汇的恰当使用。
四、教学步骤
Step I Greeting
T: At first, let me introduce myself. My name is Ding Weiling. I come from No.16 Middle School in Mudanjiang. Im very glad to be here. I think we can get on well with each other. Please try your best to study. Ready?
T: Class begins. Good morning, boys and girls!
Ss: Good morning, Miss Ding!
Step II Leading-in
T: First, Id like to ask you some questions. Do you like listening to stories?
S: Yes, we do.
T: Great! Please look at the screen. The Emperors New Clothes is an old traditional story. It is also called a fairy tale. And we all know the story well.
设计意图:引入话题,激活学生已有知识。
T: Today we are going to learn Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains. Section B 2a-2d.
T: It is also a fairy tale.
1.Free talk
T: Look at these pictures.(Show some pictures about the fairy tales.)Whats the name of this story?
S1: Sleeping Beauty.
S2: Cinderella.
S3: Little Red Riding Hood.
T: Perfect!
设计意图:通过图片唤起学生对于童话的记忆,导入到本节课Hansel and Gretel。
2.Know about the play
T: Today, we will learn a new type of fairy tale. It is called “play”. Do you know what the play is? (Look at the screen and learn what the play is.)
设计意图:了解戏剧的构成,通过文本让学生了解戏剧的要素、语言特点、表现手法等。
3.New words
Present the new words on the big screen and learn the new words together from 2a to 2b. Students read and try to remember the new words.
T: There are some new words in this class. Please look at the screen then master them well.(Teacher shows some pictures then teach the new words.)For example, in Scene Two Hansels stepmother, the wife told his husband to leave them to die in the forest. In Scene Three, Hansel saw the stones on the ground(地面) through the moonlight(月光)shining bright. What a clever and brave (勇敢的) boy!
设计意图:激发兴趣,激活思维;铺垫语言,学习词汇。
T: The words are very important for us to learn English well.
Step III Pre-reading
T: Look at this picture.(Show the pictures of Hansel and Gretel.)Do you want to know further information about Hansel and Gretel?
设计意图:将Hansel and Gretel以圖片的形式展示出来,简短回顾了整体的戏剧情节,并导入新课。
Step IV While-reading
1.Fast reading
Task: Draw lines to match the main idea of each paragraph.
T: Lets read the whole play as quickly as possible.Then draw lines to match the main idea of each scene.
Scene 1 A.The children _______ .
Scene 2 B.The children _______ up.
Scene 3 C.The children cant find the _______ .
Scene 4 D.Gretel learns about Hansels plan.
Scene 5 E.The children surprise the parents.
Scene 6 F.Hansel has to change his plan.
Scene 7 G.The children learn that something bad is going to happen.
Teacher asks some students to pay attention to the reading skill and answer the questions.
设计意图:理解此戏剧的基本要素及主旨,为进一步理解文章及文章主线做好准备。引导学生通过获取关键词来提取大意,让学生在阅读前对此戏剧有所期待,为后面阅读活动的顺利开展进行铺垫。
T: After fast reading we can divide the play into five parts.(见板书)
2.Careful-reading
(1)The setting(背景)
T: Read the setting of the first paragraph, then answer the questions.
T: Read paragraph 1, find out the details according to the mind map. There are five parts in the setting.
设计意图:学生通过快速跳读选出背景的五个要素。
(2)The beginning(开端)
T: Please read the beginning (from Scene 1 to 3), pay attention to the reading skill, then answer the questions.
① What news did they hear? (Scene 1)_______ .
② Did Hansel feel afraid? (Scene 1) _______ .
③ How did Hansel solve the problem? (Scene 3)
_______ .
T: Have you finished? Where can we find the answer?
(3)The development(发展)
T: Read scene 4-6, then judge the following sentences true (T)or false (F).
( )①As soon as Hansel and Gretel wake up, they must go to the forest with their stepmother? (Scene 4)
( )②Hansel and Gretel didnt get lost and they can find the way back.(Scene 6)
设计意图:总结第四幕至第六幕,根据人物对白准确总结戏剧情节要点。目的是训练学生的自主阅读能力,形成“独立阅读,合作交流,个性构建”的阅读教学模式,促进小组交流与合作。
(4)The Climax(高潮)
T: Please read Scene 7, then fill in the blanks. Pay attention to the reading skill.
The birds song is so . It leads them to that wonderful house made of .
T: Have you finished? Show me your answers and find out the details.
设计意图:让学生体会兄妹俩在经历重重磨难之后,看见了糖果屋时的喜悦,为后面的情景表演打基础。
(5)Complete the mind map
T: Complete the mind map according to the play, then retell the play.
T: Have you finished?(Teacher ask someone to show their opinions.)
T: (Ask the students some questions.) 1.Did the stepmother kill them? 2.Did the stepmother succeed? 3.Who succeeded? 4.What do you learn from the play?
T: From the play, we have learned “ Be brave and calm when facing problems! ”
Step V Post-reading
1.Language points
T: There are some important language points we should master them well.
2.Work in pairs
T: One is Gretel, one is Hansel, one is husband, one is stepmother.
T: Ask students to sum up what they have learned today.(見板书)
Step VI Homework
The play isnt ended. What happened then? Please think imaginatively, write your own play of Hansel and Gretel.
设计意图:让学生巩固课堂所学,在语言和思维的交互作用下达到认知和精神上的升华,从而也进一步确保本课教学目标的达成。
T: Thank you very much. So much for this class. Class is over. Goodbye, everyone.
Ss: Goodbye, teacher.
板书设计
评析:
该课的体裁为戏剧(play),由于我国学生较少接触,因此教师在教学中根据文体特点进行了有针对性的教学,不仅关注了语言知识和信息的获取,还让学生了解了戏剧的要素、语言特点、表现手法等,使学生获得了文学和艺术的熏陶。针对该课的教学重难点,教师做了如下处理:
一、了解戏剧体裁的要素,促进学生语篇深层次的理解
该节课教师不仅引导学生获取了戏剧体裁的要素,更通过层层设计突出了语言学习的过程和落实,选取2b部分文章从文学作品角度进行阅读学习,设计目的是使学生内化优秀精神品质,在思考中阅读和形成批判思维品质。教师安排了三大板块,八个环节。三大板块是:深层阅读,体会人物心情;情景对话,展现人物特点;续写结局,发挥想象空间。八个环节是:情景导入—戏剧背景—戏剧开端—戏剧发展—戏剧高潮—戏剧总结—戏剧表演—戏剧续写。三大板块,块块相接,紧密相连,八个环节环环紧扣,步步深入,将学生带入戏剧情境中。这样的安排有利于学生更好地理解文章结构,在心中形成“Mind map”,明确本节课要掌握的内容,做到有章可循,有的放矢。
二、尊重学生的阅读主体地位,引领学生与文本进行对话
读前,了解此戏剧背景。快速浏览文章从形式上了解戏剧的基本形式,引导学生从文本中寻找戏剧的典型特点。跳读,寻找戏剧要素。教师首先进行提问:How many scenes in this passage? How many characters in this passage? 然后通过完成表格的形式指导学生列出文中几个不同场景的地点、时间、人物等要素,引导学生关注故事场景的变化,梳理故事中人物、时间、地点、原因等故事要素。寻读,勾勒戏剧脉络。引导学生在无须全面阅读全文的前提下,在文中快速地寻找所需要的具体信息。通过寻读,让学生在本节课中根据四个主要人物在七个场景中行为动作的变化,清晰地勾勒出了几个主人公鲜明的形象和故事发展的脉络。同时也让学生利用故事所提供的语境猜测、理解一些生词的含义。细读,品味戏剧语言。让学生通过整体到部分再到整体的阅读品味戏剧语言的特点及表现手法,在赏析中体会戏剧语言的魅力。
要让学生有“问题”,自己先要成为有“问题”的人。教师对文本的阅读最要紧的就是从文本中发现问题、提出问题,只有这样,才能培养出善于思考的学生。该节课优点突出,但细节阅读过多,缺少深层理解。在阅读教学中教师所设计的活动多数基于事实性问题,缺少从逻辑、分析、推理、判断、综合分析方面引导学生思考、质疑或与作者对话的深层次训练。为此,教师应在今后教学中依据文本特点,在理解细节信息的基础上,尽可能设计一到两个深层次理解的阅读活动。