Research and Exploration on the Development of Application-oriented Undergraduate Education

潘峰+马贵平

Abstract: Tomeet the challenges of a new round of technological revolution and industrial change, serve the national innovation-driven development, the belt and road, Made in China 2025, internet plus and other major strategic implementations, speed up the reform and innovation of Applied Engineering Education, cultivate diversified and innovative excellent engineering and technical talents, support industrial transformation and upgrading. This paper takes the construction of Computer Science and Technology in the Southwest Jiaotong University Hope College as a case, having a discussion on the talent cultivation mode, curriculum system, teaching content, teaching staff construction and experimental training center construction.

Keywords: application-oriented university,talents cultivation, teaching model

一.Current Situation and Problems of Cultivating Talents in General Undergraduate in China

With the development of our country's economy into a new normal state, there has been a profound change in the relationship between the supply and demand of talents. Faced with a profound readjustment of the economic structure, the acceleration of the industrial upgrade, the construction of social culture continues to promote the implementation of development strategies especially driven by innovation, the structural contradiction of higher education is even more prominent, homogenization tendency is serious, the problem of the difficulties in employment of graduates and the low quality of employment has not been effectively alleviated. The shortage of production services in the field of application, complex, innovative personnel training mechanism has not been fully established. The structure and quality of personnel training still do not meet the requirements of economic restructuring and industrial upgrading. Mainly reflected in the following aspects:

First of all, our long-term knowledge system based on disciplines has limited the training of engineering personnel. The teaching and curriculum structure of engineering education has been limited by the relative rigidity of the professional catalogue, speciality in university is divided carefully, the restrictions about transferring major are rather strict, failed to make timely adjustments about the trend of interdisciplinary and comprehensive development in accordance with the demand of the market, not matched with Chinese economic transformation and industrial upgrading. It is difficult to effectively meet the booming new economy with the characteristics of discipline compounding with new technologies, new formats, new industries and new models.endprint

Second, many colleges and universities in our country are actively exploring the talent training mode of “school-enterprise cooperation”. But at present, the industry has not really taken part in the training of engineering talents. The new technology and new process of enterprise did not appear in the teaching content. Owing to the complex knowledge structure necessary for modern engineers is seriously inadequate, they are unable to adapt to the situation of rapid development of science and technology, and meet the needs of emerging industries and technological development, importing technology, equipment and production lines for digestion and absorption. The development of some professional knowledge system is even lagging behind the development of industrial technology, and it lacks synergism between the training of engineering talents and the development of industrial economy.

Thirdly, at present, our country is in serious shortage of “double qualified and professional” teacher-team, who loves his dedication and professionalism and has a rigorous teaching style. It has good professional knowledge and educational skills as well as strong practical abilities. He can engage in teaching students and working in enterprises, diligently study the professional cutting-edge technology, full of reform and innovation; He not only can engage in teaching, but also engage in scientific research and truly meet the requirements of new engineering specialty engineering education.

To solve the above problems, we must first completely change the concept of thinking, and recognize the necessity and urgency of training applied undergraduate talents. we must dare to reform and innovate, and then reform and explore from the application of personnel training mode, application-based curriculum system, applied experimental training base construction, application-oriented faculty building and other aspects.

二. Changing ideas and Cultivating Applied Undergraduate Talents

In 2015, three ministries and commissions jointly issued the guiding opinions on guiding the transformation of some local universities to applied ones (Hereinafter referred to as “guidance”). The Guidance puts forward 14 major tasks that guide the transformation of some ordinary undergraduate colleges into application-oriented ones. Including a clear type of position and transformation path to speed up integration into regional economic and social development, seize the development opportunities of new industries, new formats and new technologies, establish industry and business cooperation and development platform. Those universities in the development of transformation should transfer their educational ideas to serve the local economic and social development, to the integration of production and education cooperation, to cultivate applied technical talents, to enhance the ability of students employment and entrepreneurship, and to enhance the ability of driving the development of the school to serve regional economic and social development and innovation.endprint

Under this background, Southwest Jiaotong University Hope College actively changes ideas, closely holds the chance of the national “The Belt and Road” rail transit development, gives full play to the resources of the dominant education in Southwest Jiaotong University Hope College. It focus on top-level design, strengthens organizational guarantee, refines the school characteristics, pays attention to system construction, professional construction as the starting point, improves the hardware construction, lays solid to promote the transformation and development of the college. All of us in the college will make great efforts to build an applied university with distinctive features with the core of “rail transportation professional group”.

三. "1 + 1" School-Enterprise Cooperation Personnel Training Mode

Under the condition of mutual benefit and win-win situation between schools and enterprises, the Company will actively explore and practice ways of“combine education with teaching and learning” and“project cooperation” as a link and through “order form” personnel training to establish“1+1” application-oriented personnel training mode of school-enterprise cooperation, production and teaching integration and collaborative education to achieve the professional chain and industrial chain, curriculum content and professional standards, teaching process docking with the production process, and train practical engineering talents.

Through school-enterprise cooperation, nurture “double qualified and professional” teachers who have teaching ability and practical ability and meet the application of personnel training work. First of all, schools can send teachers to do business exchange learn and understand the industrys latest and most practical technical personnel needs on holidays, and by participating in the actual work of enterprises to improve teachers own practical ability to better serve and guide the teaching of students. Second, taking the “school-enterprise co-operation studio” as the way, through the teachers”low-cost” demand advantages, following the real project of the enterprise, it effectively improves teachers practical ability and realizes the goal of “being both a teacher and an engineer.” Third, the enterprise resources can be introduced into schools, the real project of the enterprise for teaching in schools, so that students learn is to use, students can enter the business training internship each year during the fake semester and senior year, practice hands-on skills.endprint

四. Reconstructing the Applied Curriculum System

According to the development trend and demand of new technology and new industry, the professional “talent training orientation and characteristics” for new technology, new industry and future technology are determined. The development method of application oriented curriculum based on working process, according to industry requirements clear personnel training target, occupation areas of action for system design of the curriculum, the deconstruction of subject system, reconstruction of application oriented curriculum system, develop professional talent training scheme. We should reorganize and optimize “professional curriculum system and teaching content”, and build “practice innovation education and teaching system”, implement talent training process, and emphasize the guarantee of talent training quality. It is supported by the construction of “experimental training conditions” and “double qualified and professional teachers” to meet the needs of teaching. Finally, we cultivate the applied engineering talents that can meet the new technology, new industry, new industry and new model with the characteristics of the new economy.

Actively carry out the reform of classroom teaching in the process of teaching, take the technical requirements of the rail transit industry as the orientation and learning situation, guided by “constructivism” thought, take students as the center, take the real project (horizontal project, vertical project, competition project) as task, to stimulate students 'enthusiasm for learning so that students can make full use of online network resources, through the micro class, MOOC and other ways to flip the classroom, develop students ability to learn independently, the full implementation of the “process-oriented teaching model.” It adopts the methods of “project guidance, task-driven, scenario simulation, overturning classroom and process assessment”, achieves the goal of “task-oriented curriculum environment (real environment), teaching task work (real study) and work process systematization(real do)”, to develop a truly hands-on application engineer.

五．Conclusion

The work of training applied talents of interdisciplinary, not only boldly reform and explore in talent training model, teaching staff, curriculum system, teaching methods, but also need to build an experimental training center with “classroom + laboratory + training room” and other teaching sites with integrated functions, “contextualization”, “integration of theory and practice” and “classroom as studio”, to meet the needs of training applied talents.

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