健康教育路径与心理干预在38例老年骨质疏松合并骨折患者中的应用效果

吕冬梅

摘 要 目的：探讨健康教育路径与心理干预在老年骨质疏松合并骨折患者中的应用效果。方法：选取76例老年骨质疏松合并骨折患者根据入院顺序分为对照组和研究组各38例，对照组实施传统的护理干预，研究组在其基础上实施健康教育路径与心理护理干预，比较两组患者干预前后焦虑抑郁情绪评分、生活质量评分、生活自理能力及运动能力评分变化及按时复诊率及护理满意度差异。结果：干预前两组患者HAMA、HAMD和骨密度检测结果比较不存在显著差异（P>0.05），干预后两组患者的HAMA、HAMD评分均明显降低，且研究组上述指标及生活质量各项评分、按时复诊率及护理满意率均显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：健康教育路径与心理干预可有效改善患者的负面情绪及生活质量，提高生活自理能力、运动能力及护理质量，在老年骨质疏松合并骨折患者中具有重要的临床意义。

关键词 健康教育路径 心理干预 骨质疏松并骨折 生活质量 复诊

中图分类号：R473.6； R683 文献标识码：C 文章编号：1006-1533（2018）01-0047-04

The application of health education path and psychological intervention in 38 cases of elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures

LYU Dongmei

（The First Surgery Department， the Peoples Hospital of Huaibin County， Xinyang 464400， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To explore the effect of health education path and psychological intervention in the elderly patients with osteoporosis combined with fracture. Methods： Seventy-six cases of elderly patients with osteoporosis combined with fracture were selected and divided into a control group （n=38） and a research group （n=38） based on the admission date. The control group underwent routine nursing and the research group was given health education and mental intervention on the basis of control group. The scores of depression， anxiety， quality of life， living self-care ability and motor ability were compared between the two groups before and after nursing intervention. Results： There were no significant differences between the two groups in HAMA and HAMD scores and bone density before the intervention （P>0.05）， however， their HAMA and HAMD scores were significantly decreased after the intervention and furthermore those indexes and the scores of quality of life， the rate of return visit on time and the satisfaction of nursing were much better in the research group than in the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion： Health education path and psychological intervention can effectively improve the negative emotions and quality of life of the patients， their living self-care ability， motor ability and nursing quality， which has important clinical significance in the elderly patients with osteoporosis combined with fracture.

KEY WORDS health education； mental intervention； osteoporosis combined with fracture； quality of life； return visit

骨质疏松症（osteoporosis， OP）是老年人常见的一种骨组织结构退变性疾病，近年来随着我国人口老龄化的加剧，OP的发生率也呈增长趋势，临床数据显示，我国60岁以上OP患者骨折的发生率较高，严重影响患者的运动功能及生活质量，同時给家庭及社会带来沉重的心理负担及经济负担[1]。老年患者机体功能较差，且多合并其他慢性疾病，骨折后常伴有抑郁焦虑等负面心理应激反应，治疗依从性差，因此在治疗的同时还应配合健康教育及心理干预来促进患者快速康复[2]。本研究选取2013年7月至2017年6月我院76例老年骨质疏松合并骨折患者为研究对象，探讨健康教育路径与心理干预在老年骨质疏松合并骨折患者中的应用效果，现报告如下。endprint