黄波峰
摘 要:語法学习是初中英语学习的“重头戏”。为了夯实学生的语法基础,部分初中英语教师英语语法知识大讲特讲。殊不知,语境,才是让语法学习脱离“枯”海的推手。本文将在理论联系实际的基础上,结合初中英语教学实际,浅显论述在各种不同的语境中进行语法教学的一些有效策略。
关键词:对话语境;故事语境;生活语境;游戏语境;语法教学策略
语境之于语言就如同种子之于土壤,绝大多数语言离开了语境就毫无意义。在初中英语学习过程中,部分初中生觉得英语语法学习枯燥乏味,是因为他们在学习语法的时候脱离了具体的语境。因此教师必须要引导学生把语法学习和具体的语境结合起来,要让学生借助语境将枯燥乏味的语法学习过程变得妙趣横生。下面笔者将紧紧围绕初中英语教学实际,浅显论述在各种语境中进行语法教学的一些策略。
一、在对话语境中感悟语法
对话教学是初中英语教学中的主要内容之一。学生在学习对话的过程中,既可以积累丰富的词汇,也可以感悟到相关的英语语法知识。在初中英语语法教学过程中,教师要充分利用各种教学辅助手段,让学生立足各种对话语境,富有成效地学习相关语法知识。
例如,在教学人教版《Go for it》九年级英语Unit 1 “How do you study for a test?”的时候,为了让学生感悟语法知识,教师创设了相应的对话语境。本单元重点语法知识是动名词的用法,于是教师创设的对话语境中涉及“enjoy, be fond of”等这些动词或动词短语。学生在对话过程中感悟到:“在上述这些动词或动词短语后面必须要跟动名词形式”。
在教师的引导下,学生不知不觉地进入了各种对话语境。学生在这些对话语境中,不仅扎实牢固的掌握了有关的词汇,还感悟到了相关语法知识。主题鲜明的对话语境使得原本枯燥乏味的语法教学变得妙趣横生。
二、在故事语境中习得语法
通过阅读这些异彩纷呈的故事,不仅可以让学生积累丰富的词汇,还可以让学生系统地习得相关语法知识。因此在初中英语语法教学过程中,教师要巧妙地利用各种故事语境,让学生在故事语境中潜移默化地习得相关语法知识。
例如在教学人教版《Go for it》九年级英语Unit 4 “What would you do?”的时候,教师通过让学生阅读教材中的故事,习得了“虚拟语气”这一语法知识。此外,教师还引导学生阅读了一个非常有趣的含有虚拟语气的趣味小故事——“The Cap?鄄maker and the Monkeys”。
Long, long, ago, there was a man with the name Smith. He made a living on making caps. One day he went to sell his caps. He went through a forest. There were Long, long, ago, there was a man with the name Smith. He made a living on making caps. One day he went to sell his caps. He went through a forest. There were many monkeys in it. It was very hot and the man wanted to sit down for a rest. He came up to
a large tree, put his caps on the ground, took one of them and put it on his head. Then he laid down and soon fell asleep.
“Where are my caps?” cried Smith when he woke up. He looked up and saw many monkeys in the trees and each monkey had a cap on its head.
“Give me back my cap!”the man shouted at the monkeys. But the monkeys didn?蒺t understand him. They only laughed. The man got very angry, took off his own cap, threw it on the ground and cried, “If you want my caps, you may take this cap too!”
And what do you think? These monkeys did the same. Each one took off its cap and threw it on the ground. The man was very glad.He quickly picked up all his caps and went on his way.
many monkeys in it.It was very hot and the man wanted to sit down for a rest. He came up to a large tree, put his caps on the ground, took one of them and put it on his head. Then he laid down and soon fell asleep.
“Where are my caps?” cried Smith when he woke up. He looked up and saw many monkeys in the trees and each monkey had a cap on its head.endprint
“Give me back my cap!” the man shouted at the monkeys. But the monkeys didn?蒺t understand him. They only laughed. The man got very angry, took off his own cap, threw it on the ground and cried, “If you want my caps, you may take this cap too!”
And what do you think? These monkeys did the same. Each one took off its cap and threw it on the ground. The man was very glad. He quickly picked up all his caps and went on his way.
在有趣的故事语境中,学生不仅扎实牢固地掌握了各种词汇,还习得了相关语法知识。如此一来,异彩纷呈的故事语境使得原本枯燥乏味的语法教学变得趣味无穷。
三、在生活语境中运用语法
学习语言的最终目的是在生活中能够运用语言进行随心所欲地交流。人们要想在各种生活语境中进行随心所欲地交流,除了要积累丰富的词汇之外,还必须要掌握相关的语法知识。在初中英语语法教学过程中,教师可以通过创设各种形象逼真的生活语境,让学生在这些近乎真实的生活语境中进行自如地交流,进而让学生在交流过程中灵活地运用相关语法知识。
例如在人教版《Go for it》九年级英语Unit 5 “It must belong to Carla”这一单元的时候,教师根据本单元的重点语法知识点“情态动词的基本用法”创设了各种生活语境。在表示人的能力的时候,要用到情态动词“can”。 “Can you ice?鄄skate?”在这个句子中情态动词“can”表示的是“技能”;“Can you lift this heavy box?”在这个句子中情态动词“can”又表示的是“体力”。
教师在深入细致地挖掘教材教学内容的基础上,紧密联系学生多姿多彩的生活实际,创设了各种各样形象逼真的生活语境,为学生灵活运用习得的英语语法知识搭建了广阔的平台。如此一来,形象逼真的生活语境使得原本枯燥乏味的语法教学变得趣意盎然。
四、在游戏语境中巩固语法
游戏语境就是人们在游戏过程中进行交流的语言环境。在初中英语语法教学过程中,教师要在紧紧围绕课堂教学目标的基础上,结合学生的兴趣爱好和心智发展水平等,设计各种各样的游戏语境,让学生在兴高采烈地参与这些游戏活动的过程中悄无声息地巩固语法知识。
例如在教学“现在进行时”这一语法知识的时候,教师设计了这样一个游戏——戏弄(spoof)。教师在课前准备了数张印有现在进行时句子的纸,这些句子有些是正确的,有些是错误的。在课堂上,教师为每个小组分发了一张纸,并要求每个小组的学生把这些句子裁成单独的纸条。然后,让每个小组的学生利用这些纸条进行记忆、竞猜、判断等游戏活动。
在教师精心设计的游戏语境中,学生参与游戏的积极性空前高涨,相关的英语语法知识也在游戏语境中得到了巩固。因此精彩纷呈的游戏语境使得原本枯燥乏味的语法教学变得其乐无穷。
综上所述,在初中英语语法教学过程中,教师要将语境作为语法教学的舞臺。教师要结合教材对话内容,以对话语境作为语法教学的舞台,引领学生感悟相关的语法知识;教师要结合教材故事内容,以故事语境作为语法教学的舞台,引导学生习得相关语法知识;教师要结合具体的生活实际,以生活语境作为语法教学的舞台,指导学生运用相关的语法知识;教师要结合有趣的游戏活动,以游戏语境作为语法教学的舞台,指引学生巩固相关语法知识。总而言之,教师要让有趣的语境助推语法学习脱离“枯”海。
参考文献:
1.杨玲.在语境中提高初中英语语法教学的有效性[J].2016(6):57.
2.夏光辉.语境教学法在初中英语语法教学中的应用与实践探究[J].都市家教月刊,2016(1):94.
(作者单位:浙江省诸暨市开放双语实验学校)endprint