戒掉你的“拍摄癖”

2017-11-22 18:53ByDavidButterfield
英语学习 2017年10期
关键词:巴甫洛夫眼睛

By+David+Butterfield

If youre lucky enough to see something truly remarkable, keep your phone in your pocket.

若你有幸看到真正美好的東西,请不要掏出手机。

Heres a paradox1: we are a people obsessed with visiting the worlds most alluring sites and experiencing the most important events in person; and yet, though we travel more eagerly and easily than ever, fewer of us end up seeing things with our own eyes. Take yourself to any place of beauty, or indeed any event that draws a crowd. Look around for a moment and youll see a solemn-faced, dull-eyed crowd with one arm collectively raised in cultic2 devotion. Each hand clutches a phone, and each phone cameos3 as camera. But what makes this Pavlovian4 response to All Things Worth Seeing so weird is that these have-a-go reporters are focused intently upon their tiny phone screens: even when only metres away, they fail to see the action with their own eyes. Being there no longer means seeing there.

Well, what does it matter if everyone is so keenly playing street reporter? Isnt it a splendid thing that seemingly every event on the planet is now effortlessly recorded by anyone with a phone? Not at all, Id say. Now and then, we do of course benefit from the quick-thinking filming of some exceptional event that would otherwise have no objective record. But these videos that successfully extend the scope of institutional reporting are a tiny fraction of whats being recorded every hour, every minute, every second worldwide.

Instead, we are paying a price for this perverse5 practice. Here are three sad—even disturbing—effects of our filming fetish6. First, phone-wielders establish a boundary between themselves and the events unfolding,

transforming them from present witnesses to mere closer-than-thou screen-gawpers.7 Since their eyes fail to see the action unmediated8, they are in some senses not really there at all. People boast at being at that gig9, or seeing the actual Mona Lisa at a few yards remove. But the digital proof they shove in your face ends up confirming that they, just like you, instead squinted at these spectacles through plastic.10 In thinking of their films future, the present moment passed them by.

Second, these ubiquitous recorders of all and sundry seem to have forgotten the purpose of what they are up to.11 You do have to wonder what all their data-collection is for. Millions of hours of footage, billions of photos; even the internet cant keep up with the surging surfeit.12 What secondary audience needs 20,000 versions of oblique, wobbly and tinny footage of an event already being filmed professionally?13 Or take Cambridge, where I live. Thousands of tourists stream each day from their coaches, snaking up the medieval streets. A good portion are filming their movements continuously: a bin here, a bench there, the occasional passing bus. Yes, wonderful architecture flits onto camera now and then, but these are rare interruptions of otherwise (literally) pedestrian fare.14 Perhaps there is an audience back home that will strap in for six hours of footage per diem; but, even if there is, their host wont be able to give any wider context beyond what he, like they, saw through this paltry,15 often pointless, window into the world.endprint

Third, and most worryingly, by privileging16 the framing and focus of their film with oh-so-steady hand, their engagement is limited in body as well as sight. If they became involved in the fray17, the thinking runs, then who would do the filming? Wont somebody please think of the YouTube channel! That there are dozens—and in many cases hundreds or thousands—recording exactly the same event seems not to register. But when I see videos of street fights, abuse on public transport or painful accidents, I cant help pausing to think about the person actually filming them. Isnt it a warped18 response to a moment of emergency or high drama to reach for the phone camera rather than to reach out to help—or, you know, use the phone as a phone? Often there wont be a word of support spoken from these alarming film-zombies: talking from behind the camera would really spoil the audio.

So, lets reset to keeping phones in pockets. If youre lucky enough to see something truly beautiful or remarkable, look at it, savour19 it and let your senses drink it in. If instead a sudden problem arises, offer what hand you can. Once youve done what humans are built to do, yes, happily film and click until your fingers fall off. But dont expect anyone—including yourself—to want to look at them.

這里有一个悖论:我们是一个痴迷于参观世界上最迷人的景观和亲自体验最重要的事件的民族;然而,虽然我们对旅行比以前更加热切,并且旅行也变得比以前更加简单,但我们却越来越少地用我们自己的眼睛看事物了。你可以随便去一个风景优美的地方,或者去旁观任何一个吸引人群的事件,环顾四周一段时间,你会看到一群神情肃穆、目光呆滞的人,他们像参加膜拜仪式一样,每个人都举着一只胳膊,每只手上都握着一部手机,每部手机都扮演着照相机的角色。但使得对“所有值得看的事物”产生的这种巴甫洛夫条件反射非常奇怪的原因是,这些踊跃尝试当记者的旁观者只把目光聚焦于他们小小的手机屏幕上:即便只离事件几米远,他们也没能用自己的眼睛看。在场已不再意味着亲见。

那么,如果每个人都非常渴望扮演街头记者的话,又会怎样呢?现在世界上似乎每一个事件都可以被任何一个有手机的人毫不费劲地记录下来,这难道不是一件极好的事情吗?我会说,这一点儿都不好。当然,我们有时候确实可以从对某个特殊事件的及时拍摄中得到些好处,如果没有这些视频的话,这个事件就得不到客观地记录了。但是这些成功地扩大了公共机构专业报道范围的视频,仅仅只是全世界每时、每分、每秒被记录的内容中极小的部分而已。

恰恰相反的是,我们正在为这种反常的行为付出着代价。下面是我们的“拍摄癖”所产生的三种令人悲哀的——甚至是令人不安的——影响。首先,手机拍摄者在他们自己和正在发生的事件之间划出了一道界线,这将他们从在场的目击者,转变成了距离现场只是比其他人近一点儿的“直瞪瞪地注视着屏幕的人”。因为他们的眼睛是通过媒介见证着所发生的事情,所以从某种程度上说,他们根本没有真正在现场。人们会炫耀自己在演唱会现场,或者是在离几码远的地方看到了《蒙娜丽莎》。但是他们硬塞到你面前的、想要证明他们在现场的数码证据,到头来只是证明了面对这些美好景象,他们跟你一样,是眯着眼睛通过屏幕去看的。当他们一心想着自己拍的视频以后会如何如何时,此时此刻已经离他们远去了。

其次,这些无处不在的、把所有一切都要拍下来的人似乎已经忘记了他们这样做的目的是什么。你确实会忍不住好奇,他们收集这些数据资料是为了什么。数百万小时的视频录像,数十亿的照片;甚至互联网都赶不上这些视频和照片的泛滥。当一个事件已经经过了专业拍摄时,还有什么样的次级观众会需要看两万个歪歪斜斜的、摇摇晃晃的、发出刺耳声音的版本的视频呢?以我住的剑桥为例。每天,都会有成千上万的游客从他们的旅游大巴车中涌出,沿着蜿蜒的、中世纪风格的街道游览。他们当中有很大一部分人会一直拍摄自己的行踪:一会儿拍拍垃圾箱,一会儿又去拍拍长椅,或者是拍一下偶尔经过的公交车。的确,宏伟的建筑时不时也会被拍进他们的镜头当中,但是这些建筑物的镜头也只是在极少数情况下被无意间捕捉进了主要拍摄路边美食的视频当中。可能在这些游客的家乡,的确会有人准备好每天看六个小时这样的视频;但是,即便有这样的观众,拍这些视频的人除了与看的人一样,通过手机屏幕这个微不足道的、毫无意义的窗口看世界之外,给不出其他更有意义的东西来。endprint

第三点,也是最让人担忧的一点是,如果拍摄视频的人总是优先考虑他们拍摄的构图和焦距问题,以及总是想着拍摄稳定性的话,他们对于眼前事件的参与就完全局限在了身体和视觉的层面。他们会想,要是他们牵扯进了眼前的冲突的话,他们就会分心,那么谁来拍视频呢?可是就没人想到YouTube频道吗!对于同样的事件,会有几十人——在很多情况下会有几百或几千人——在同时拍摄,却似乎没人注意到这些视频。但是当我看到街头打架、公共交通上的辱骂行为以及令人心痛的事故视频时,我都会禁不住停顿下来想到拍视频的这些人。在发生紧急的或者戏剧性事件的时候,他们不去伸手援助——或者把手机真正地当成手机来使用——反而掏出手机开始拍视频,这难道不是一种很扭曲和反常的行为吗?在很多情况下,这些令人担忧的“摄像僵尸”也不会在拍摄的时候说一些安慰的话:在镜头后面的说话声会干扰突发事件现场的声音。

所以,让我们重新把手机放在口袋里吧。如果你有幸看到了一些真正美丽或非凡的景象,用眼睛看,细细品味,并让你的感官充分享受这样的美景。而如果一个突发事件发生了,尽你能力所及伸出援手。当你做完了生而为人应该做的事情后,是的,你可以开心地拍视频,或者点击屏幕拍到你的手指累了为止。但是不要期望任何人——包括你自己——想要看這些视频和照片。

1. paradox: 悖论,自相矛盾的事物。

2. cultic: 膜拜的,狂热崇拜的。

3. cameo: 客串。

4. Pavlovian: // 巴甫洛夫条件反射的。巴甫洛夫(1849—1936),苏

联生理学家、心理学家,通过对狗的一系列实验研究提出了条件反射理论。

5. perverse: 反常的,不当的。

6. fetish: (不正常的)迷恋,癖好。

7. wielder: 使用者,行使者,来自动词wield;thou: 古语的you;gawper:呆头呆脑地看……的人,来自动词gawp。

8. unmediated: 没有媒介的。

9. gig: 现场演唱会。

10. shove sth. in: 随便将……放在某处;squint: 眯着眼睛看。

11. ubiquitous: 普遍存在的,无处不在的;all and sundry: 全部,所有。

12. footage: 影片片段;surging: 骤增的,上涨的;surfeit: 过量。

13. oblique:(视线、角度)倾斜的;wobbly:摇摇晃晃的;tinny:(声音)尖细的,刺耳的。

14. flit: 掠过;fare:(尤指饭店或小餐馆的)饭菜,饮食。

15. per diem: 每天;paltry: 微不足道的。

16. privilege: 给予……特权。

17. fray: 冲突,争论。

18. warped: 反常的,扭曲的。

19. savour: 享用,细细品味。endprint

猜你喜欢
巴甫洛夫眼睛
关于巴甫洛夫条件反射学说的新思考
巴甫洛夫的条件反射实验
巴甫洛夫与条件反射
擦亮你的眼睛
我有一双探索的眼睛
眼睛在前
为什么眼睛不怕冷?
眼睛真实太重要了
保护眼睛,从现在开始!
未婚妻的手