2017年高考英语全国Ⅰ卷书面表达题分析和解题指导

齐永波

高考英语书面表达题侧重考查学生根据试题提供的情景和特定的要求進行书面表达的能力，包括遣词造句等语言表达能力、逻辑思维能力和想象能力。2017年全国高考英语卷书面表达题，分值25分（广东实际为25×1.125=28.125分）。笔者参加了评卷工作，现结合广东考生在书面表达题中出现的一些问题，对该题的答题情况进行简要分析，并对2017年英语全国I卷书面表达题提出解题指导。

一、2017年高考英语全国？玉卷书面表达题及特点

假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：

（1）时间和地点；

（2）内容：学习唐诗；

（3）课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

这道题的设置紧贴生活实际，写信内容自然融入中国文化，与大纲吻合，体现了对考生学科素养的考查。同时邮件主体是中国与英国学生的交际行为，涉及跨文化交流，有益于培养学生的文化底蕴。 题中第三个写作要点为写作提供了开放空间，考生可以根据自己的知识储备进行发挥，同时也考查学生如何表达观点和态度等，符合《普通高中英语新课程标准（2003版）》目标的要求。

二、答题情况

笔者在评卷过程中发现，绝大多数考生对作文题的审题较准确，基本能写出四个内容要点，结构较为完整，开头语、正文、结尾部分基本符合书信体规范，对于唐诗和唐朝文化都能够进行一定程度的介绍。但语言表达句型不够丰富，连贯词僵硬死板；部分考生审题不够细致，致使作文与题目无关，或关联性不强；有的考生甚至用背诵默写或直接抄袭试卷中的其他内容来完成作文。总体来看，今年的考生篇章意识较往年有所增强。

三、主要失分点分析

1. 审题不清

有考生弄错了写信人与收信人之间的关系，不是以Leslie的朋友身份进行写信，即没有假定Lihua是Leslie的朋友。

2. 内容要点表达不确切或抄袭

一些考生没有明确写出授课的时间和地点，也没有明确学习的内容是唐诗，把对唐朝历史的了解写成了对中国历史的了解。还有考生全篇都写了完全与主题无关的内容，或者一字不改地全盘照抄试卷中的其他内容，这类作文得零分。有的考生直接抄一部分无关内容夹杂在自己作文中，企图蒙混过关，对这类作文，评卷老师一般只根据与主题有关的内容来给分。

3. 单词误用

①Because the library is very quite. （quite和quiet混用）

②I like Chinese poems， who wrote lots of poets.（poet是诗人，poem才是诗）

4. 大小写不分

①The time of our next class is friday. （应把friday改为Friday）

②Tang poems are very famous in old china.（应把china改为China）

5. 词性混用

①You can prepare these plans to improve your study effective. （改为efficiency）

②I think you like the Chinese cultural. （改为culture）

③If necessarily， I would change my plan.（改为necessary）

④I feel delight to write to you.（改为delighted）

⑤Its honor for me to tell you the next lesson.（改为honorable）

⑥You can learn Chinese fastly.（改为fast）

⑦Its difficulty to learn it well.（改为difficult）

6. 拼写错误

① Ill give you some suggestions as you good friend.（把you改为your ）

②The next Chinese lessen will be set at my home.（把lessen改为lesson）

③I thing we will have a comfortable class.（把thing改为think）

④I believe you will fall in love with Chinese poens.（把pones改为poems）

⑤If you arent free， I will change my plant. （把plant改为plan）

⑥I will teache you Tang poems. （把teache改为teach）

7. 可数名词和不可数名词分不清

①I think you will make a great progress.（去掉a）

②Ill give you some informations.（把informations改为information）

③I have a good news to tell you.（去掉a）

④I have many time this weekend.（把many改为much）endprint

8. 错用介词

①We will learn Tang poems in next lesson.（去掉 in）

②The next lesson is arranged on next weekend.（去掉on）

③The next class is on my home.（把on改成at）

④Lets meet in the gate of our school.（把in改成at）

⑤Please trust in yourself， you can learn Chinese well.（去掉in）

⑥I will teach you about Tang Poems.（去掉about）

9. 谓语错误

①I will waiting for your reply.（改为wait for）

②I am intend to teach you Chinese.（改为am intended to）

③I writing to tell you the time of next lesson.（改为am wrting）

④ Do you interesting in Tang poems？（改为Are you interested in...？）

⑤I suggest that you can do...（去掉can或把can改为should）

⑥Our lesson will be started at 8：00 a.m.（改为will start或starts）

10. 中式英语

①Please dont forget the next lesson begin time.

②I know you very like Chinese culture.

③In order to you can better to study Chinese， I suggest that you learn the history of Tang Dynasty in advance.

11. 标点符号错误

①The plan is as follows：（将冒号改为句号）

②Only in this way， can you learn Chinese well. （去掉逗号）

③《A Tranquil Night》， one of my favorite poems ， was written by Libai.（去掉书名号）

12. 卷面和字数问题

卷面不整洁，书写潦草，字体过大或过小，间距太密或太疏等，都会影响评卷老师给分。字数不够也会扣分，但太多的话（只要没有超过给出的18行），今年评卷都没有给予扣分。

13. 语言不得体

With my help， you must learn Chinese well.

14. 分段不对

部分考生只写一段，也有考生隔行写或每句写一段，这些都是不可取的。

15. 其他误用

①Youd better to understand the history to Tang Dynasty.（情态动词没有掌握好）

②Im writing to tell you the next times plan.（错用名词所有格）

③You need to ready something for Tang poems.（ready和prepare不分）

④I will teach you Tangshi.（用中文拼音來表述）

⑤I like JingYeshi wrote by Libai.（非谓语动词掌握不牢）

⑥This summer holiday I have a 3 months vacation.（数词表达不准确）

四、解题指导

1. 如何写开头

高考英语全国卷书面表达题多为书信类写作，此类文章通常要求开篇写明写信目的。常用的句型是Im writing to do sth.今年的书面表达题开头部分可以这样写：

①I am writing to tell you the arrangement of the next class.

②Im writing to tell you my plan for our next Chinese class and remind you to do some preparations for the class.

③Im writing to inform you of the plan of the next class.

④Had you completely understand what I taught you yesterday？ Im writing to inform you the plan of your next Chinese lesson.

2. 如何写好中间段

（1）尽量使用高中词汇

①I would like to give you some suggestions.（替代advice）

②I will be available after class. （替代free）

③You are supposed to do some preparations. （替代should）endprint

④The lesson is scheduled to be held on Jan 9th in Guangzhou Library.

（2）用短语比用单词好

①The most significant thing you should bear in mind is that you had better come to my home on time.（替代remember）

②The next lesson falls on this Sunday morning， which will begin at 9：00 am and end 11：00 am.（替代begins或starts）

（3）巧用形容词和副词

①Im looking forward to your timely reply.

②At last， Im firmly/ fully convinced that with our combined efforts， you are bound to make great progress in studying Chinese.

③To satisfy your interest better， I sincerely recommend you to do some brief research of Tang Dynasty， which will contribute favorably to deepen your understanding of those poems.

（4）非谓语动词是亮点

①Differing from the poem of Britain， the Poems of Tang have many topics.

②Having realized your burning desire to learn Chinese， Im writing to tell you the next Chinese class.

③I will prepare the class seriously， hoping that you will satisfy with my lesson and learn more knowledge.

（5）灵活运用复合句

①There have been three weeks since we had the last lesson.

②I suggest that you should make a knowledge of Tang Dynasty， which is a boom and colorful ancient dynasty.

③What I want to stress is that you are supposed to learn the history of Tang Dynasty in advance.

（6）固定句型、介词短语不能少

①No one can deny the fact that learning Chinese is of great benefit to you.

②When it comes to Chinese， there is no doubt that Tang Poems is very famous.

③There is no doubt that you will make great progress if you study hard.

④To be honest， you made great progress and it hits me that I have never seen such a foreigner like you who can have so brilliant and excellent spoken ability.

（7）巧用特殊句式、名言警句

①Finally， if I were you， I would learn some related information about Tangs history.（虛拟语气）

②Only in this way can you learn Tang poems well.（倒装句）

③If necessary， I would change my plan.（省略句）

④So excited am I that I cant wait to teach you to study Chinese. Here is a brief schedule.（倒装句）

⑤Practice makes perfect.（熟能生巧）

（8）用被动句比用主动句好

①To begin with， the course is to be held at 9：00 in school reading room on this Sunday morning， thus you have to arrange your schedule accordingly in advance.

②You are expected to know the history of Tang Dynasty roughly.

③Tang poems are filled with beautiful words and moving emotions.endprint

（9）合理恰当使用连接词，不要为了连贯而连贯

①Firstly， I arranged the class， which will be set at my home.

②Anyway， you can take this task into great consideration because it contributes to learn Tang poems well.

③More importantly， you will be exposed to some wonderful Tang poems in my class.

3. 如何写好结尾

书信写作的结尾部分一般會根据情景使用一些客套性、委婉性的语句。此时，要注意的是作文题目给出的最后一个写作要点能不能直接作为书信的客套性结尾，如果不能，我们可以结合书信开头及常识，以及不同信体特点，自行联想增加结尾，做到首尾呼应。如建议信的结尾通常是期待接纳建议；咨询信和求助信的结尾通常是希望得到回复和帮助；申请信和求助信的结尾通常表达“申请获批准”的愿望；感谢信的结尾可以再次表达感谢等。2017年的书面表达题的最后一个写作要点是关于“课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史”，由此，考生可以大胆判断应自行增加结尾部分，如：

①If you have any question in the process of preparing， feel free to ask me. I am looking forward to the class.

②If there are any doubts， please contact me without hesitation. Hoping that you will succeed in learning Chinese. Best wishes.

③With making full preparations， you will be attracted by the beauty of Tang Poems. Your prompt and favorable reply would be highly appreciated.

综上所述，高考英语书面表达题作为高考试卷的重要组成部分，考生要想在这一块获得高分，除了要认真审题，准确识记单词，掌握基本语法结构和句子结构，还要拥有扎实的英语写作功底，熟练掌握写作基本思路和方法，注重字数和书写，有规则意识，切不可堆砌浮夸，死记硬背范文。

责任编辑 魏文琦endprint