宋雨菊 桑锋
[摘要] 目的 观察更年滋肾汤合玉女酥对雌性去势大鼠性激素E2、FSH、LH、及神经递质5-HT、5-HTAA的影响,探讨药食合用对围绝经期综合征的疗效及作用机制。方法 2015年10月—2016年4月,选取上海斯莱克实验动物中心健康、12周龄、雌性未孕SD大鼠60只,随机分为正常对照组、模型组、中药(更年滋肾汤)组、食疗(玉女酥)组、药食合用组,每组12只。给药(食)6周后,检测指标:下丘脑、垂体、子宫、胸腺、脾脏重量系数变化;血清中E2、FSH、LH的含量变化;下丘脑5-HT和5-HTAA的含量变化。 结果 ①脏器重量系数:下丘脑、垂体各组间差异无统计学意义;子宫模型组(62.19±11.4)明显低于对照组(149.60±8.23),药食合用组(100.35±9.29)显著高于模型组;胸腺模型组(89.36±7.48)明显低于对照组(121.67±12.01),药食合用组(115.72±12.57)显著高于模型组;脾脏模型组(314.48±38.54)明显低于对照组(357.57±35.87),药食合用组(350.57±29.76)显著高于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②血清性激素水平:E2含量,模型组(9.46±1.05)pg/mL明显低于对照组(13.97±1.14)pg/mL,中药组(12.94±1.73)pg/mL、食疗组(11.03±2.05)pg/mL、药食合用组(13.15±2.17)pg/mL均高于模型組(P<0.05);FSH含量,模型组(7.46±1.05)mIU/mL明显高于对照组(3.26±0.17)mIU/mL,中药组(4.34±0.73)mIU/mL和药食合用组(3.15±2.17)mIU/mL明显低于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01);LH含量,模型组(13.07±1.05)mIU/mL明显高于对照组(7.74±1.12)mIU/mL,中药组(9.86±1.52)mIU/mL和药食合用组(7.83±1.07)mIU/mL明显低于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。③5-HT水平,模型组(0.742±0.067)μg/g明显高于对照组(0.228±0.034)μg/g,中药组(0.357±0.043)μg/g、药食合用组(0.235±2.28)μg/g明显低于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01);5-HTAA水平,模型组(3.986±0.520)μg/g明显高于对照组(1.109±0.230)μg/g,中药组(1.553±0.310)μg/g、药食合用组(1.211±0.270)μg/g明显低于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 更年滋肾汤合玉女酥可通过影响雌性去势大鼠性激素及神经递质的含量,调节下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能,从而改善围绝经期综合征,药食合用可发挥更好的效果。
[关键词] 围绝经期综合征;下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴;更年滋肾汤合玉女酥
[中图分类号] R4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)07(c)-0005-04
[Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of menopause zishen tang and yunvshu on the sex hormones E2,FSH,LH and neurotransmitter 5-HT,5-HTAA of female gonadectomy rats and study the curative effect and function mechanism of medicine and food on the perimenopausal syndrome. Methods 60 cases of female un-pregnancy SD rats aged 12 weeks in the Shanghai Slrc Experimental Animal Center from October 2015 to April 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the normal control group, model group, TCM group, food therapy group and combined medicine and food group with 12 cases in each, after 6-week administration, the changes of weight of the hypothalamus, pituitary, uterus, thymus and spleen coefficient, changes of serum E2,FSH,LH contents and changes of contents of hypothalamus 5-HT and 5-HTAA were tested. Results The viscera weight coefficient: there were no obvious differences in the hypothalamus pituitary between groups, and the index in the uterus model group was obviously lower than that in the control group[(62.19±11.4) vs (149.60±8.23)], and the index in the combined group was obviously higher than that in the model group, which was (100.35±9.29), and the index in the thymus model group was obviously lower than that in the control group[(89.36±7.48) vs (121.67±12.01)], and the index in the combined group was (115.72±12.57), which was obviously higher than that in the model group, and the spleen model group was obviously lower than that in the control group, [(314.48±38.54) vs (357.57±35.87)], and the combined group was (350.57±29.76), which was obviously higher than that in the model group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05), and the serum sex hormone level: E2 content in the model group was obviously lower than that in the control group[(9.46±1.05)pg/mL vs (13.97±1.14)pg/mL], and the index in the TCM group, food therapy group and combined group were respectively (12.94±1.73)pg/mL, (11.03±2.05)pg/mL and (13.15±2.17)pg/mL, which was higher than that in the model group(P<0.05), and the FSH content in the model group was obviously higher than that in the control group, [(7.46±1.05)mIU/L vs (3.26±0.17)mIU/L], and the index in the TCM group and combined group was respectively (4.34±0.73)mIU/L and (3.15±2.17)mIU/L, which was obviously lower than that in the model group(P<0.05,P<0.01), and the LH content in the model group was obviously higher than that in the control group, [(13.07±1.05)mIU/L vs (7.74±1.12)mIU/L], and the index in the TCM group and combined group was respectively (9.86±1.52)mIU/L and (7.83±1.07)mIU/L, which was obviously lower than that in the model group(P<0.05,P<0.01), and the 5-HT level in the model group was obviously higher than that in the control group[(0.742±0.067)μg/g vs(0.228±0.034)μg/g], and the index in the TCM group and combined group was respectively(0.357±0.043)μg/g and (0.235±2.28)μg/g, which was obviously lower than that in the model group(P<0.05,P<0.01), and the 5-HTAA level in the model group was obviously higher than that in the control group,[(3.986±0.520)μg/g vs(1.109±0.230)μg/g], and the index in the TCM group and combined group was respectively (1.553±0.310)μg/g and(1.211±0.270)μg/g, which was obviously lower than that in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion The menopause zishen tang and yunvshu can adjust the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis function by affecting the hormone and neurotransmitter of female gonadectomy rats thus improving the perimenopausal syndrome and the combination of medicine and food can give play to a better effect.endprint
[Key words] Perimenopausal syndrome; Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis; Menopause zishen tang and yunvshu
围绝经期综合征是妇女在绝经前后由于卵巢功能减退,雌激素水平下降所致的以植物神经系统功能紊乱为主、伴有神经心理症状的一组症候群,极大地影响了其身心健康、工作和家庭生活质量[1-3]。现代医学认为围绝经期综合征的发生,其病理机制除与内分泌失调有关外,还与神经、免疫系统的功能改变密切相关。中医药治疗围绝经期综合征有着悠久历史,疗效好、不良反应小,有着独特优势[4]。2015年10月—2016年4月,该研究选取上海斯莱克实验动物中心健康、12周龄、雌性未孕SD大鼠60只,选择治疗围绝经期综合征的中医经验方更年滋肾汤,结合食疗古方玉女酥,观察药食同用对围绝经期综合征动物模型下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的影响,为围绝经期综合征的预防、治疗及康复提供更多的理论和实验依据,现报道如下。
1 对象与方法
1.1 实验对象
健康12周齡雌性未孕SD大鼠,清洁级,体重(250±10)g,由上海斯莱克实验动物中心提供。实验前于动物房适应性喂养1周,室温18~22℃,相对湿度65%。
1.2 实验药物与试剂
更年滋肾汤:仙茅、仙灵脾、巴戟天、炒黄柏、炒知母、补骨脂、当归、制附子、生熟地、炙升麻、制黄精、炒枣仁。药物及其水煎剂均由北京同仁堂提供。玉女酥:花生、红枣、黄豆等量,连皮磨成粉,充分拌匀后混入鼠饲料中 (其中玉女酥占50%)。E2、FSH、LH ELISA检测试剂盒,购自上海索宝科技有限公司。5-HT、5-HTAA标准品均购自美国 SIGMA 公司。
1.3 模型建立
去除双侧卵巢法制备围绝经期大鼠模型[5],阴道涂片法观察动情周期,阴道脱落细胞角化指数<50%且无动情周期性变化(符合更年期特征)者为造模成功大鼠。对照组大鼠手术暴露卵巢但不切除,然后双层缝合手术伤口。
1.4 分组与给药(食)
60只大鼠随机分为:对照组、模型组、中药组、食疗组、药食合用组。对照组和模型组灌胃生理盐水,食疗组按正常食量喂以含玉女酥的饲料,中药组灌胃更年滋肾汤水煎液,药食合用组用更年滋肾汤灌胃的同时喂以含玉女酥的饲料。以上各组动物均连续给药(食)6周后,禁食取材。
1.5 指标检测
用药结束后,取材,检测如下指标:①取出下丘脑、垂体、子宫、胸腺、脾脏,除尽脂肪等附属组织,称取各脏器湿重,换算成脏器重量系数(脏器重量(mg)/体重(g)×100,即每100 g体重的mg数)。②Elisa法检测大鼠血清 LH、FSH、E2的含量。③参照文献[5-6],检测下丘脑神经递质5-HT和5-HTAA含量。
1.6 统计方法
数据采用SPSS 17.0统计学软件分析。所有数据结果均为计量资料,以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),两组间比较采用t-检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 各组大鼠下丘脑、垂体、子宫、胸腺、脾脏重量系数的变化
结果显示,下丘脑、垂体各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);子宫、脾脏重量系数模型组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);各用药组均高于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中药食合用组最为明显(P<0.01)。胸腺重量系数模型组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05),与模型组比较,中药组、药食合用组胸腺重量系数明显升高,差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05)。见表1。
2.2 各组大鼠血清中性激素E2、LH、FSH水平变化
结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清E2含量明显下降(P<0.05);与模型组比较,中药组、食疗组、药食合用组大鼠血清E2明显升高(P<0.05)。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清FSH、LH含量显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,中药组、药食合用组大鼠血清FSH、LH显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。见表2。
2.3 各组大鼠下丘脑神经递质5-HT和5-HTAA水平变化
结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠下丘脑组织5-HT、5-HTAA含量明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与模型组比较,中药组、药食合用组下丘脑组织5-HT、5-HTAA显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。见表3。
3 讨论
中医认为肾为人体先天之本,元气之根,肾气的盛衰关系着人体的生长、发育、生殖等变化。妇女围绝经期,肾气渐衰,天癸将竭,冲任二脉随之亏虚,肾虚是围绝经期综合征的根本病机,根据中医治病求本的原则采用的基本治法是以补肾为根本,使肾之阴阳趋于平衡[7-8]。更年滋肾汤在著名古方二仙汤的基础上加减化裁而成,方中淫羊藿、仙茅为君药,巴戟天、黄柏、知母、生地、熟地、补骨脂、制附子为臣药,当归、升麻、黄精、炒酸枣共为佐使药。诸药合用,共奏温补肾阳、滋阴降火之功。玉女酥出于清代“玉女补乳酥”,由黄豆、花生、红枣等量组成。食疗与药物治疗相结合,相得益彰,药借食威,食助药力,药食合用可发挥更好的效果,以药食同用的方法防治疾病,是中医学的突出特色之一。
在围绝经期,卵巢来源的E2趋于减少,血中雌一孕激素水平降低,雌、孕激素负反馈减弱,引起垂体分泌FSH、LH增加,使正常的下丘脑-垂体-靶腺轴之间平衡失调,从而导致围绝经期综合征的发生[9]。该研究结果显示,与正常大鼠比较,去势大鼠血清E2含量明显下降, FSH、LH含量明显升高;在运用更年滋肾汤及玉女酥干预后,3种性激素的水平都有不同程度的改善,尤以药食合用组效果明显。5-HT是中枢神经系统的一种单胺类递质,由色胺酸经色氨酸羟化酶及5-羟色胺酸脱氢酶作用而生成,同时又通过单胺氧化酶(MAO)分解成5-HIAA而从尿中排出,从而保证了机体这两种递质含量的代谢平衡。陈亚琼等[10]证实人血浆雌激素可强烈的抑制MAO的活性,更年期妇女由于雌激素水平下降,MAO活性因而上升,导致5-HIAA含量增加。该研究结果显示,与正常大鼠比较,围绝经期综合征模型大鼠下丘脑组织5-HT及5-HTAA含量明显升高;运用更年滋肾汤及玉女酥干预后, 5-HT及5-HTAA降低显著。
综上所述,更年滋肾汤合玉女酥可通过影响雌性去势大鼠性激素及神经递质的含量,在一定程度改善衰退的下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能,从而改善围绝经期综合征,在围绝经期综合征的治疗上,药食合用是一种优化的方法,药借食威,食助药力,药食合用可发挥更好的效果。药食合用发挥作用的途径可能是:一方面更年滋肾汤直接作用于下丘脑的某些具有神经内分泌功能的神经元,调节单胺类神经递质的合成与释放;另一方面玉女酥先作用于内分泌系统,通过调节体内E2的水平而间接影响神经递质的代谢;也可能药和食都同时具备这两种作用,且具有协同效果,但确切的作用过程尚需进一步验证。
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(收稿日期:2017-04-23)endprint