邹芬芳++++++张健鹏++++++高红梅++++++焦宏彬
[摘要] 目的 通过Meta分析评估信号转导和转录激活因子6(STAT6)基因多态性位点rs324011(2892C/T)与哮喘发病发现直接的关联。 方法 检索PubMed、EMBASE、中国知网以及万方等数据库获取rs324011位点与哮喘关联分析研究,检索时限截至2016年12月。计算合并比值比(OR)和95%置信区间(95%CI)评估该位点与哮喘易感性之间的关联。 结果 共纳入9项研究,包括病例2247例和对照2940例。结果显示,在隐性模型(TT vs CC+CT)和加和模型(TT vs CC)下,TT基因型会显著增加哮喘的发病风险(隐性模型:OR=1.32,95%CI 1.10~1.58,P=0.003;加和模型:OR=1.34,95%CI 1.10~1.63,P=0.004),而在其他模型下未见显著性关联。 结论 STAT6基因rs324011多态性位点是哮喘的风险因子。TT基因型会显著增加人群哮喘发病风险,特别是在高加索人群中。
[关键词] 信号转导和转录激活因子6;rs324011;哮喘;Meta分析
[中图分类号] R562.65 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)08(b)-0126-04
[Abstract] Objective To further explore the genetic association between rs324011 of STAT6 and asthma susceptibility through Meta-analysis. Methods Literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI and Wanfang Database till the date of December 2016. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to assess the strength of association between rs324011 and asthma. Results A total of 9 studies comprising 2247 cases and 2940 controls were included in our analysis. Significant associations between rs324011 and asthma were observed that TT genotype might increase the risk of asthma in recessive model and additive model (OR=1.32, 95%CI 1.10-1.58, P=0.003 for TT vs CC+CT; OR=1.34, 95%CI 1.10-1.63, P=0.004 for TT vs CC). No similar association was observed in other models. Conclusion The polymorphism rs324011 in STAT6 is a susceptibility loci of asthma. TT genotype may increase the risk of asthma, especially in the Caucasian population.
[Key words] STAT6; rs324011; Asthma; Meta-analysis
哮喘是一种常见的,以气道高反应、气道阻塞和慢性炎症为主要特征的呼吸系统疾病。家族性哮喘研究提示哮喘具有一定的遗传倾向,而通过全基因组连锁分析、遗传关联分析研究已发现超过100个哮喘易感基因位点[1-2],其中STAT6是研究得最多的基因之一。STAT6是介导过敏性炎性反应的重要因子,通常由Th2相关细胞因子如IL-4和IL-13激活并诱导初始T细胞分化为Th2细胞以及诱导产生IgE[3-4]。STAT6基因多态性与IgE血清水平相关,与哮喘易感性之间也存在关联。rs324011(2892C/T)位点是STAT6基因常见的多态性位点之一。多项研究对rs324011多态性位点与哮喘易感性关联进行了分析,但是结果并不一致,因此笔者进行了Meta分析,希望通过更大样本量的研究更加精確评估STAT6基因rs324011多态性位点与哮喘易感性之间的关联。
1 资料与方法
1.1 文献检索
检索PubMed、EMBASE、中国知网、万方等数据库,检索关键词包括“STAT6”“signal transducer and activator of transcription”或“rs324011”,“asthma”或“哮喘”,“polymorphism”或“多态性”。检索语言限定为英文或者中文,检索截至日期限定为2016年12月。
1.2 文献纳入与排除标准
纳入标准:①rs324011位点与哮喘易感性关联分析的病例对照设计研究;②文献中提供了该位点的分型结果并能计算比值比(OR值)和95%置信区间(95% CI)。排除综述文章、会议文章。重复性研究选取样本量较大的研究。
1.3 信息提取
对纳入的研究提取种族、样本量、分型结果等多项相关信息。以上文献检索、文献纳入和排除以及信息提取过程均由2名独立人员完成,发生分歧则由研究组共同讨论决定。
1.4 纳入研究的方法学质量评价
采用Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)文献评价评价量表对纳入的研究文献进行质量评价,得分5分及以上认为是文献质量较高,可以纳入本研究中。endprint
1.5 统计学方法
所有的统计分析均采用STATA 12.0软件完成,使用Q检验和I2评估各研究之间的异质性,I2<20%表明异质性较小,使用固定效应模型;I2≥20%采用随机效应模型。将rs324011劃分为不同的分析模型,包括等位基因模型(T vs C)、显性模型(TT+CT vs CC)、隐性模型(TT vs CC+CT)以及加和模型(TT vs CC)。使用漏斗图和Egger′s test来评估发表偏倚。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 纳入研究特征
通过文献检索及过滤,最终9篇文献被纳入研究中,包括病例2247例和对照2940例[5-13]。文献检索和筛选流程见图1。其中,有2篇是对中国人群进行研究[6,10],其余7篇是针对白种人[5,7-9,11-13]。各研究对照组均符合Hardy-Weinberg Law平衡。纳入研究的具体特征见表1。
2.2 不同模型的Meta分析
如表2所示,在等位基因模型下(C vs T),各研究之间无显著异质性(I2=0%),采用固定效应模型合并。结果显示,rs324011位点与哮喘之间不存在显著性关联(合并OR=1.08,95%CI 0.98~1.18,P=0.11)。根据种族进行亚组分析,在亚洲人中均未发现显著性关联,而在高加索人种则存在显著性关联(P=0.03)。类似的,在显性模型下(TT+CT vs CC)也没有观察到rs324011位点与哮喘之间存在显著性关联。
图2是在隐性模型下(TT vs CC+CT)采用固定效应模型进行合并的森林图,发现TT基因型会增加人群哮喘的发病风险(合并OR=1.32,95%CI 1.10~1.58,P=0.003)。根据种族进行亚组分析,结果显示,在亚洲人中并未见显著性关联,而在高加索人种,TT基因型会增加0.34倍的哮喘发病风险(合并OR=1.34,95%CI 1.10~1.65,P=0.004)。与隐性模型结果相似的是,加和模型下(TT vs CC),TT基因型会增加高加索人哮喘的发病风险。
以上分析均未发现明显的发表偏倚,见图3。
3 讨论
既往研究发现多个哮喘易感位点[14],涉及多个功能通路和机制[15-17],其中趋化因子调节基因转录机制,如STAT家族基因,近年来受到较大关注[18-19]。STAT6可通过上调IgE血清水平而促进哮喘的发生。STAT6敲除小鼠接受过敏原刺激后未发生气道高反应,缺乏典型的Th2相关趋化因子反应,也检测不到血清IgE水平[20-21]。实验表明,STAT6敲除小鼠受到支气管嗜酸粒细胞增多以及抗原诱导黏液产物的保护[22]。以上提示STAT6可能在哮喘的发生过程中发挥重要作用。本次Meta分析结果表明,TT基因型会显著增加哮喘的发病风险;亚组分析显示,TT基因型与高加索人哮喘发生显著相关,而与亚洲人无明显关联。
STAT6基因rs324011多态性位点影响哮喘易感性和发生发展的生物学机制也受到重视。有研究发现,该位点(2892C/T)会影响总IgE水平的升高[12,23-24]。STAT6基因中两个潜在转录因子结合位点,即分别位于2号内含子序列和STAT6结合序列的核受体κB(NF-κB)结合位点,与IgE的诱导产生相关[25]。rs324011位点T等位基因会造成其中一个转变为NF-κB的特异性结合位点,从而增加STAT6启动子活性。此外还发现两个新的STAT6亚型:STAT6d和STAT6e。携带TT等位基因的患者中,STAT6d和STAT6e亚型转录水平显著增加。这与本研究Meta分析显示TT基因型会增加哮喘发病风险的结果相符。当然,本研究Meta分析纳入的样本量还较少,未来需要纳入更多研究和不同种族的样本,更加精确评估rs324011位点与哮喘易感性之间的关联。
综上所述,通过Meta分析发现,STAT6基因rs324011多态性位点与哮喘易感性相关,TT基因型会增加人群特别是高加索人的哮喘发病风险。
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