关于瓶装水的15个小秘密

Some of us get our water for free from the tap. The rest pay for it — at the cost of roughly $100 billion a year. At that steep a price tag， you might assume buying the bottled stuff would be worth it. In most cases， you'd be wrong. For the vast majority of Americans， a glass from the tap and a glass from the bottle are virtually identical as far as their health and nutritional quality are concerned. In some cases， publicly-sourced tap may actually be safer since it is usually tested more frequently.

我们当中有些人从水龙头就能接到免费的水，其余的人要花钱买——每年大约花掉1000亿美元。面对昂贵的价签，你可能会以为瓶装水值这个价钱。但大部分情况下这个想法是错的。对于大部分美国人来说，就对健康的影响和营养元素来说，自来水和瓶装水不相上下。公共饮用水因为检测更频繁，所以有时可能更安全。

Read on to find out all the things you dont know about your drinking water.

读读下面的内容，了解一下关于饮用水你不知道的事。

1. The first documented case of bottled water being sold was in Boston in the 1760s， when a company called Jackson's Spa bottled and sold mineral water for “therapeutic” uses. Companies in Saratoga Springs and Albany also appear to have packaged and sold water.

瓶装水最初在18世纪60年代开始出售，当时有一家叫Jackson's Spa的公司把矿物质水装瓶出售，说是“有益健康”。在萨拉托加斯普林斯和奥尔巴尼也有公司开始把水包装后出售。

2. Across the globe， people drink roughly 10% more bottled water every year， but Americans continue to consume more packaged water than people in other countries do.

全球瓶裝水的消耗量每年增加约10%，但美国人喝掉的瓶装水一直比其他国家的多。

3. At 12.8 billion gallons， or 39 gallons per person， Americans today drink more bottled water than milk or beer.

美国人现在要喝掉120.8亿加仑的水，或者说是每人39加仑，瓶装水的消耗量比牛奶和啤酒都要多。

4. Americans drank more bottled water than soda for the first time in 2016. “Bottled water effectively reshaped the beverage marketplace，” Michael C. Bellas， Beverage Marketings chairman and CEO， said in a recent statement.

2016年美国瓶装水饮用量首次超过苏打水。Beverage Marketing的主席兼CEO Michael C. Bellas在最近的一次声明中说：“瓶装水有效地重塑了饮料市场。”

5. It's not cheap. At an average cost of $1.22 per gallon， we're spending 300 times more on bottled water than we'd spend to drink from the tap. But that number could be even higher， some analysts have pointed out， since most sales are for single bottles.

瓶装水并不便宜，平均每加仑1.22美元。我们花费在瓶装水上的钱是自来水的300倍。但有些分析人士指出实际价格还有可能更高，因为大部分人都是单瓶购买的。

6. But research suggests that for most Americans， the stuff in a bottle is not better for you than the stuff in your tap. In fact， a recent report found that almost half of all bottled water is actually derived from the tap. In 2007， Pepsi （Aquafina） and Nestle （Pure Life） had to change their labels to more accurately reflect this.

但研究表明对大多数美国人来说，瓶装水里所含的物质并不比自来水好。事实上，最近有一份报告发现瓶装水几乎一半其实就是自来水。2007年，百事公司的阿夸菲纳（Aquafina）和雀巢公司的优活（Pure Life）都更换了标签，更准确地标明水的成分。

7. Tap water is also typically tested for quality and contamination more frequently than bottled water. The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for conducting those tests.

对自来水水质和杂质的测试要比瓶装水多。美国环境保护署负责进行这些测试。

8. Still， the quality of your tap can vary considerably based on where you live. According to EPA law， you should receive an annual drinking water quality report， or Consumer Confidence Report.

但你居住的地方不同，自来水的水质也有很大差距。根据美国环境保护署的规定，你每年都会收到饮用水水质报告或者消费者信心报告。

9. However， if you live in one of the 15 million （mostly rural） US households that gets drinking water from a private well， the EPA isn't keeping an eye on your water quality. “It is the responsibility of the homeowner to maintain the safety of their water，” the agency states on its website.

然而，如果你是美国从自家井里打水喝的1500万家庭（主要在乡村）中的一员的话，环境保护署就不会关注你家的水质。该机构在网站上声明“房主有责任保护自家饮用水安全”。

10. Research suggests that the water from many of these wells is not safe to drink. In a 2011 report， 13% of the private wells that geologists tested were found to contain at least one element （like arsenic or uranium） at a concentration that exceeded national guidelines.

研究表明很多自家井里的水并不是安全饮用水。在2011年的一份报告中发现，地质学家检测的井水中13%至少有一种成分（像砷或铀）的浓度超过国家标准。

11. The recent resurgence in bottled water's popularity may be due to rising concerns about the purity of tap water. A recent Gallup poll found that 63% of Americans worried a “great deal” about the pollution in drinking water—the highest percentage since 2001.

瓶装水最近再次流行起来可能是因為对自来水水质的担忧。最近的一次盖洛普民意测验发现，63%的美国民众非常担心饮用水污染，这个比例是2001年以来最高的。

12. And when it comes to taste， most of us probably can't tell the difference. A recent blind taste test survey by students at Boston University found that only a third taste-testers identified the tap water sample correctly.

提到水的味道，我们大多数人都不能辨别其中的差别。最近波士顿大学学生进行的一项味道盲测发现，只有三分之一的参加味道测试的人能准确辨认出自来水样本。

13. Making bottled water is also a resource-heavy process. A study in the journal Environmental Research Letters found that roughly 32—54 million barrels of oil went into producing the amount of bottled water consumed in the US in 2007.

生产瓶装水也是一个大量消耗资源的过程。《环境研究快报》的一项研究发现，2007年生产美国所消耗的瓶装水用掉了3200万—5400万桶油。

14. It also takes more water to make a bottle of water than it does to fill it. A recent study from the International Bottled Water Association found that North American companies use 1.39 litres of water to make one litres of the bottled stuff.

生产瓶装水所用的水远不止灌进瓶里的水。国际瓶装水协会最近的研究发现，北美的公司生产1公升的瓶装水要用掉1.39公升的水。

15. But hey， you might be thinking： At least they get recycled， right？ For every six water bottles Americans use， only one makes it to the recycle bin， according to National Geographic.

So think twice the next time you consider buying a case of bottled water.

但是你可能在想：至少瓶子还能回收，对吧？《国家地理》杂志显示，美国人用的每六个水瓶中只有一个进了回收站。

所以下次你想再买瓶装水的时候仔细斟酌一下吧。

Word Study

steep /sti：p/ adj. （价格）过高的，昂贵的

assume /??sju：m/ v. 以为；假设；假定

identical /a??dent?kl/ adj. 完全相同的；同样的

consume /k?n?sju：m/ v. 吃；喝；饮用；消耗

derive /d??ra?v/ v.（使）来自；（使）起源于

maintain /me?n?te?n/ v. 维持；保持；保养

The house is large and difficult to maintain.

exceed /?k?si：d/ v. 超过（数量）； 超越（法律、命令等）的限制

identify /a??dent?fa?/ v. 认出；识别；分辨出

Would you be able to identify the man who robbed you？